Ese umutsi wo mu mutima wawe ushobora gucika mu buryo butunguranye? Reka twige byose kuri SCAD (Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection)!

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo umuntu muzima kandi ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri neza ashobora kurwara indwara y'umutima mu buryo butunguranye? Cyangwa uburyo umukobwa muzima uherutse kuba umubyeyi ashobora kubabara mu gituza mu buryo butunguranye? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara y'umutima idasanzwe ariko ikomeye cyane. Iyi ni yo twita SCAD, cyangwa Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection .

SCAD (Gucibwamo imitsi y'umutima mu buryo bwikora) ni iki? Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye.

Mu magambo make, SCAD ni ugucika cyangwa gutandukana gutunguranye hagati y’ibice bibiri mu rukuta rw’imitsi ijyana amaraso mu mutima wacu. Tekereza kuri ubu buryo: umuyoboro w’amaraso umeze nk’umuyoboro muto. Urukuta rw’uyu muyoboro rugizwe n’ibice byinshi. Muri SCAD, kimwe muri ibi bice kiracika maze amaraso akava hagati yabyo. Hanyuma bigenda bite? Ayo maraso araterana akava mu mitsi. Arabyimba nk’umupira. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amaraso ajya mu mutima araziba, cyangwa agatangira kugenda buhoro cyane.

Ibi bimeze nk'ikibyimba gito gikurira mu muyoboro w'amazi kikawufunga. Hanyuma umutima ntubona umwuka n'intungamubiri ukeneye.

SCAD yongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara yitwa Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) . Iyi nayo ni ubwoko bw'indwara y'imitsi ifata imitsi y'umutima. Ibi bishobora gutera ububabare mu gituza, cyangwa angina . Bishobora kandi gutera indwara y'umutima, ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Aya magambo asobanura iki?

Iyo turebye ibisobanuro by'aya magambo atatu SCAD ukwayo, uzasobanukirwa neza iyi ndwara.

• Bitunguranye: Ibi bivuze ko bibaho mu buryo butunguranye, nta nteguza .
• Imitsi y'umutima: Iyi ni yo mitsi y'amaraso iha umutima wacu amaraso meza kandi akungahaye kuri ogisijeni. Dufite imitsi ibiri y'umutima, ibumoso n'iburyo. Yigabanyamo amashami mato.
• Gucamo ibice: Mu buvuzi, iri jambo risobanura gutandukanya ingingo mu bice by'umubiri, nko gucikamo ibice.

Urabyumva? Ibyo bivuze ko ibi tubyita SCAD iyo umutsi w'amaraso mu mutima uhiye uturutse imbere mu buryo butunguranye nta mpamvu igaragara.

Indwara ya coronary ikabije ni iki?

Iyi si indwara imwe. Ni ijambo rusange risobanura indwara zitandukanye aho amaraso ajya mu mutima agabanuka mu buryo butunguranye. Ibi bikunze kubaho iyo plaque, ari yo yirundanyijeho ibinure mu mitsi (izwi kandi nka atherosclerosis cyangwa "gukomera kw'imitsi") ituritse mu buryo butunguranye. Ibi bishobora gutera indwara zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga nko kunanirwa k'umutima , indwara z'umutima, cyangwa indwara zo mu bwonko .

Iyi ndwara yitwa SCAD ikunze kugaragara gute?

Impuguke mu by'ubuvuzi zivuga ko SCAD ari indwara itarapimwa neza. Bivugwa ko abantu bane muri buri ijana barwara indwara y'umutima ikabije (ACS) (4%) bafite SCAD. Byongeye kandi, SCAD ni yo itera hafi umwe muri bane (25%) barwara ACS mu bagore bari munsi y'imyaka 50! Ibi bivuze ko ishobora kugaragara cyane mu bagore bakiri bato kuruta uko ubitekereza.

Kuki SCAD ibaho? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Impuguke ntiziramenya neza icyatera SCAD. Igitangaje ni uko abantu benshi barwara iyi ndwara baba bakiri bato, bafite imbaraga kandi bafite ubuzima bwiza. Nta ndwara y'umutima na imwe barwaye mbere.

Bamwe mu barwayi ba SCAD baherutse kubyara . Byagaragaye kandi ko SCAD ishobora kugaragara cyane mu gihe cy'imihango cyangwa nyuma yo gucura . Kubwibyo, hari amakenga ko impinduka mu misemburo y'abagore zishobora kugira uruhare muri ibi.

SCAD ikunze kugaragara ku bagabo, ikaba igaragara munsi ya icumi ku ijana (10%). Ku bagabo, iyi ndwara ikunze kubaho nyuma yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ikomeye (imyitozo ngororamubiri) cyangwa guterura ikintu kiremereye . Iyi myitozo ngororamubiri ishobora gusenya urukuta rw'imitsi.

Ni gake cyane, uru rukuta rw'imitsi rushobora gucika bitewe no kuruka cyane cyangwa gukorora cyane. Hari igihe imitsi y'umutima ishobora gucika bitewe n'impanuka ikomeye cyangwa mu gihe cyo kuvurwa nko gukoresha catheter y'umutima . Ariko hari impamvu ibitera.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara SCAD?

Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo gucika imitsi y'umutima. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo:

• Indwara z'imitsi ihuza ingingo - urugero , Marfan syndrome .
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije (Umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije).
• Dysplasia ya Fibromuscular (FMD) - Iyi ni indwara yibasira imitsi.
• Kugabanuka k'imikorere ya tiroyide ( Hypothyroidism ).
• Indwara zifata imitsi - ingero zirimo lupus , multiple sclerosis (MS) , na sarcoidosis .
• Ingorane zo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge .

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya SCAD? Bipimwa gute?

Iyo amaraso agana mu mutima agabanutse bitewe na SCAD, bishobora gutera indwara y'umutima cyangwa ububabare bwo mu gatuza bwitwa angina idahindagurika . Ubwo bwoko bwa angina ni bubi cyane kuko byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'umutima.

SCAD ni ikibazo cyihutirwa cy’ubuvuzi gisaba kuvurwa byihutirwa. Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikira by’indwara y’umutima, hamagara 911 ako kanya (muri Sri Lanka, hamagara 1990 Suwaseriya Ambulance Service):

• Kuzungera cyangwa gucika intege ( syncope ).
• Kubira ibyuya byinshi ( Hyperhidrosis ) cyangwa kumva urimo gukonja.
• Umutima utera cyane cyangwa arrhythmia .
• Kubabara imitsi mu kuboko, ku rutugu, cyangwa mu rwasaya.
• Kugira isesemi no kuruka, cyangwa kumva igifu kimeze nabi ( indigestion ).
• Guhumeka nabi.
• Kubabara mu gituza, umuvuduko, cyangwa ububabare.

Ibi bimenyetso ni bimwe neza n'iby'indwara y'umutima. Rero, niba uhuye n'ikintu nk'iki , ntutinde.

Indwara ya SCAD ipimwa ite? (Isuzuma)

Gusuzuma indwara ya SCAD bishobora kugorana. Niba ufite ububabare mu gatuza cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso by'indwara y'umutima, muganga wawe ashobora gutumiza ibizamini nk'ibi kugira ngo arebe niba ufite SCAD:

• Ikizamini cy'ibimenyetso bya enzyme: Igenzura urugero rwinshi rw'imisemburo imwe n'imwe y'umutima ihurira mu maraso mu gihe cy'indwara y'umutima.
• Angiogramu: Ibi bigufasha kubona amaraso atembera mu mutima wawe mu mashusho agenda mu buryo bwa 3D. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo Coronary Computed Tomography Angiogramu (CCTA) cyangwa Magnetic Resonance Angiogram (MRA) .
• Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography (IVOCT): Ibi bituma imitsi ipimwa imbere igana hanze.
• Ultrasound Intravascular (IVUS): Ibi bishobora gutanga amashusho asobanutse neza kandi arambuye imbere mu mitsi.

Ibi bizamini nibyo bituma abaganga bamenya neza niba ufite umutsi w’amaraso wacitse cyangwa indi ndwara y’umutima.

SCAD ivurwa ite?

Abantu benshi barwaye SCAD, bagera kuri bitatu bya kane (75%), bakira bakoresheje imiti. Ubu ni ubwoko bw'imiti itangwa:

• Imiti y'umuvuduko w'amaraso (urugero: beta blockers ).
• Imiti igenzura urugero rwa cholesterol ruri hejuru.
• Imiti ibuza amaraso kuzura ( imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso ).

Ariko, hafi 14% by'abantu bafite SCAD bashobora kugira indwara ikomeye. Abantu nk'abo bashobora gukenera kujya mu bitaro no kuvurwa byihutirwa. Ubwo buvuzi burimo:

• Gushyiramo katheteri mu mutima , angioplasty y'umutima no gushyiramo stentIbi bikubiyemo gushyira umuyoboro w'amaraso wafunzwe mu cyuma gifata amaraso, ugashyiraho akantu gato (stent) kugira ngo wirinde ko yongera gufunga.
• Gushyira imitsi y'umutima mu maraso (CABG): Ibi bikubiyemo guhanga inzira nshya y'imitsi y'amaraso yazibye.
• Gushyiramo igikoresho gifasha amaraso mu miyoboro y'amaraso, nka icyuma gifasha imiyoboro y'amaraso mu ntoki (LVAD) , cyangwa icyuma gifasha imiyoboro y'amaraso mu miyoboro y'amaraso (ICD) .
• Gutera umutima - Ibi ni gake cyane.

Akenshi, abaganga bagerageza gukemura ikibazo bakoresheje imiti, bigatuma imitsi yacitse yikira ubwayo. Kubagwa bifatwa nk'ibikenewe gusa iyo bibaye ngombwa rwose.

Ese SCAD ishobora kwirindwa?

Niba wigeze gucika imitsi y'amaraso, ushobora kugabanya imyitozo ngororamubiri isaba imbaraga nyinshi no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri kugira ngo bitazongera kubaho. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kukwemerera gahunda yo kuvura umutima . Ibi bishobora kugufasha kunoza ubuzima bw'umutima wawe no kukwigisha uburyo bwo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri mu buryo butekanye.

Nubwo nta sano itaziguye yabonetse hagati ya SCAD no kuboneza urubyaro hakoreshejwe imisemburo, abaganga benshi basaba kubanza gutekereza ku buryo bwo kuboneza urubyaro butari imisemburo. Urugero, kuvanamo imisemburo ku bagabo cyangwa kuvanamo imiyoboro y'amaraso ku bagore. Baza muganga wawe uburyo bukubereye.

Ushobora kandi gukora ibi kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye umutima kugira ngo ugabanye urugero rwa cholesterol.
• Gabanya umunyu kandi ugenzure umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.
• Gabanya kunywa inzoga. Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kunywa inzoga, shaka ubufasha.
• Menya ubwoko bw'ibinure urya kandi ugabanye kurya ibinure bitari byiza.
• Niba urwaye diyabete , genzura neza.
• Niba unywa itabi, shaka ubufasha bwo kurireka.
• Komeza gukora siporo kandi ugire ibiro byiza.

Ni iki kizere cy’umuntu ufite SCAD?

SCAD ni indwara ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Abantu bagera kuri 5% bayirwara barapfa. Gucika umutsi bishobora guteza ibyago bikurikira:

• Angina idakira: Umubare muto w'abantu bashobora kugira ububabare bw'agatuza cyangwa umuvuduko udashira. Ibi bishobora kutazakira neza imiti gakondo nka nitroglycerin .
• Indwara isubira inyuma:Umuntu umwe ku icumi (10%) azongera kurwara SCAD mu myaka itatu nyuma yo kuvurwa bwa mbere. Muganga wawe azakora ibizamini bisanzwe kugira ngo agerageze kubona ayo maraso hakiri kare.
• Umutima ubyimbye: SCAD ishobora gutera kubyimba k'agafuka gakikije umutima, byitwa pericarditis . Muganga wawe ashobora gutumiza ibizamini nka MRI z'umutima cyangwa angiogram kugira ngo arebe niba iki kibazo ari ukuri.

Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gukurikiza amabwiriza y'ubuvuzi neza no gupimwa ku gihe nyuma yo kugira SCAD.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba utekereza ko ufite indwara y'umutima, hamagara 911 (1990 muri Sri Lanka) ako kanya.

Byongeye kandi, gana muganga niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso:

• Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa umuvuduko ( Angina ).
• Ibyuya bikonje.
• Ububabare mu maboko, mu rwasaya, cyangwa mu bitugu.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Kumva unaniwe cyane, uzuzuwe cyangwa ufite intege nke nta mpamvu.

Ni iki ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Niba usanzwe urwaye SCAD, ushobora kubaza muganga wawe ibi bibazo:

• Ni iki cyatumye nkora iyi SCAD?
• Ese nshobora kongera kubona SCAD?
• Ni iki nkwiye gukora kugira ngo ndinde ubuzima bw'umutima wanjye?
• Ese nkwiye guhangayikishwa n'ibimenyetso by'ingorane?

SCAD ni indwara itera ibimenyetso bisa n'indwara y'umutima ku bantu bafite ibyago bike byo kurwara indwara y'umutima, cyane cyane abagore. Hamagara serivisi zihutirwa z'ubuvuzi bwihuse niba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara y'umutima. Niba ibizamini byemeza ko ufite SCAD, muganga wawe azakubwira uburyo bwo kuvura. Nubwo wavurwa, hari ibyago by'uko imitsi y'amaraso ishobora kongera gucika. Muganga wawe azakurikirana ubuzima bw'umutima wawe neza kugira ngo agabanye ibyo byago.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

None se, twavuze byinshi kuri SCAD, si byo se? Dore bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka:

• SCAD ni indwara y'umutima itunguranye kandi itunguranye ishobora kwibasira abagore bakiri bato kandi bafite ubuzima bwiza by'umwihariko.
• Ibimenyetso bisa neza n'indwara y'umutima. Niba ubabara mu gatuza, uhumeka nabi, cyangwa ubira ibyuya, ntubyirengagize. Shaka inama kwa muganga ako kanya.
• Gusuzuma SCAD bishobora kugorana gato, ariko bishobora kwemezwa n'ibizamini bikwiye.
• Akenshi ishobora kuvurwa n'imiti, ariko hari abantu bashobora gukenera kubagwa cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kuvurwa.
• Ni ingenzi cyane guhindura imibereho no gukurikiza inama z'abaganga nyuma ya SCAD. Ibi bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kongera kurwara.

Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi afite ibi bimenyetso, ntugatinye ngo uhite ubonana na muganga. Uko ubimenye vuba, niko ubuvuzi burushaho kugira icyo bugeraho. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Gucibwamo imitsi y'umutima mu buryo bwikora, SCAD, indwara z'umutima, ububabare mu gituza, imitsi y'umutima, ubuzima bw'abagore, ubuvuzi bwihutirwa