Ibintu byose bijyanye na stethoscope biroroshye! Ni iki muganga agutega amatwi?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, cyangwa ku bitaro, ikintu kimwe uzabona nta kabuza ni ako gakoresho gato kari ku ijosi rya muganga cyangwa ku meza. Yego, yego, ako ushyira ku gutwi kwawe n'akandi gashyira ku gituza cyangwa mu mugongo wawe ukumva. Ibyo ni byo twita stethoscope . Hari igihe ushobora gutekereza uti "Aka kantu gato urimo kumva ni akahe?" Nubwo gashobora gusa nkaho ari igikoresho cyoroshye, ni igikoresho cy'agaciro gakomeye gishobora gufasha muganga kumenya amakuru menshi ku bibera mu mubiri wawe. Uyu munsi, reka tuvuge byinshi kuri iyi stethoscope.

Stethoscope ni iki? Ikora iki?

Muri make, stethoscope ni igikoresho abahanga mu by'ubuzima nka abaganga n'abaforomo bakoresha kugira ngo bumve amajwi aturuka mu mubiri wawe . Aya majwi ashobora kuguha ishusho y'ubuzima bwawe, cyane cyane uko umutima wawe ukora, niba ibihaha byawe bikora neza, ndetse niba amaraso atembera mu mitsi yawe y'amaraso mu buryo busanzwe.

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, ushobora kuba warabonye muganga afata stethoscope agashyira agace gato kayo ku gituza cyawe, mu mugongo, mu nda hanyuma ukareba ahantu hatandukanye. Bakubwira gufata umwuka buhoro hanyuma ugasohora umwuka buhoro. Hari igihe muganga ahita yiyemeza hanyuma agakomeza ikizamini gikurikira. Ariko hari igihe, iyo babonye impinduka nto, bashobora gukora iperereza rirambuye.

Mu buvuzi, kumva amajwi imbere mu mubiri byitwa "Auscultation ." Iyi ni yo nshingano nyamukuru ya stethoscope.

Ni iki umuganga yumva akoresheje iyi stethoscope?

Imibiri yacu ihora ivuga amajwi atandukanye. Tekereza umutima wawe utera nk'ijwi rya "lub-dub". Aya ni amajwi asanzwe. Ariko hari amajwi amwe atari asanzwe. Iyo wumvise amajwi adasanzwe nk'ayo, bivuze ko hashobora kuba hari ikibazo gikeneye kwitabwaho, ndetse wenda no kuvurwa.

Ukoresheje stethoscope, umuganga ashobora kumva ahanini ibi bikurikira:

• Amajwi y'umutima: Uretse umuvuduko n'umuvuduko w'umutima, ushobora no kumva amajwi adasanzwe nka "Heart Murmurs." Aya majwi ni amajwi aterwa n'ibibazo by'imitsi y'umutima cyangwa impinduka mu buryo amaraso atemberamo.
• Amajwi y'ibihaha: Amajwi ukora iyo uhumeka winjira kandi usohoka. Uretse amajwi asanzwe yo guhumeka, ushobora no kumva amajwi adasanzwe nka ``Humeka``` (ijwi ry'ifirimbi iyo uhumeka, ryumvikanye mu ndwara nka asima) na ``Stridor``` (ijwi ry'icuraburindi kandi rikomeye iyo uhumeka winjira).
• Amajwi yo mu mara: Amara yawe akora amajwi iyo arimo gukora. Hari igihe utanga amajwi iyo ushonje, si byo? Nanone, mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe, amajwi ava mu mara yawe ashobora guhinduka. Urugero, ashobora gukora amajwi menshi (kwinubira) cyangwa amajwi menshi (amajwi akomeye).
• Amajwi y'imitsi y'amaraso:Ushobora kumva urusaku rw'amaraso atembera mu mitsi ya carotid, cyane cyane mu ijosi. Hari igihe, iyo imitsi yagabanutse, ijwi ridasanzwe (`(Carotid Bruit)`) rishobora kumvikana mu gihe amaraso atembera muri yo.

Icy'ingenzi: Umuganga ntashobora guhita akubwira ikibazo cyangwa uburemere bwacyo iyo yumvise ijwi ridasanzwe nk'iri. Ariko, biguha ikimenyetso cy'uko hari ikintu gishobora kuba kitameze neza. Icyo gihe, nibiba ngombwa, hazakorwa ibindi bipimo kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu nyayo no gutegura uburyo bwo kuvura. Mu yandi magambo, stethoscope ni yo ntambwe ya mbere kandi y'ingenzi mu gusuzuma indwara . Ariko akenshi si yo ntambwe yonyine.

Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa stethoscopes?

Yego, hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa stethoscopes muganga akoresha.

Stethoscope gakondo (Stethoscope imeze nk'iya analogue)

Ubu ni bwo bwoko abenshi muri twe twabonye kandi abaganga benshi bakoresha. Bunatwa stethoscope ya kera . Ni uburyo bwamaze igihe kirekire kandi butanga umusaruro wo kumva amajwi ari mu mubiri.

Nta bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa iby'ikoranabuhanga birimo. Ijwi rituruka imbere mu mubiri wawe rigaca mu miyoboro yoroshye rijya mu gutwi kwa muganga. Muganga yumva ijwi maze akamenya ibiri kuba.

Hariho kandi ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'izi stethoscope zisanzwe. Urugero, hari stethoscope z'abana zagenewe gukoreshwa n'abana bato kandi zifite ibice bito.

Stethoscope y'ikoranabuhanga

Ubu ni ubwoko bwa stethoscope buteye imbere gato. Bwagenewe kumva amajwi mu mubiri neza kandi mu ijwi riranguruye . Ni ukuvuga ko byongera ijwi. Amajwi amwe yumvikana buhoro, urugero, "Umutima witotomba" amwe, ashobora kumvikana byoroshye hamwe n'ibi.

Nanone, iyi stethoscope ifite ikoranabuhanga rigabanya urusaku rw'inyuma, bityo umuganga ashobora kumva gusa amajwi ashaka kumva neza. Ikindi kandi, ushobora gufata amajwi ukayumva nyuma cyangwa ukayisangiza undi muganga.

Stethoscope y'ikoranabuhanga

Iyi ni stethoscope ifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kurushaho. Ishobora kandi gufata amajwi yoroshye neza no gukuraho urusaku rudakenewe. Kimwe na stethoscope y'ikoranabuhanga, ishobora no gufata amajwi.

Ariko ikidasanzwe kuri ibi ni uko bishobora guhindura amajwi yumvikana muri byo mu buryo bw'amashusho, nk'imbonerahamwe . Muri ubwo buryo, umuganga ashobora gusobanukirwa neza ibirimo kuba mu mubiri. Nanone, aya makuru ashobora koherezwa kuri mudasobwa cyangwa ibindi bikoresho kandi agasesengurwa hifashishijwe porogaramu zihariye kugira ngo amenye byinshi. Nanone, aya makuru ashobora gusangizwa n'abandi baganga bawe kandi agafasha guhuza ubuvuzi bwawe.

Mu gihe kizaza, abaganga benshi bashobora gukoresha izi stethoscopes z'ikoranabuhanga n'iz'ikoranabuhanga. Kugeza ubu, stethoscopes gakondo ni zo zikoreshwa cyane kandi zishobora guha muganga amakuru y'ingirakamaro.

Iyi stethoscope nto ikora ite?

Stethoscope ikora mu gufata amajwi ari mu mubiri wawe hanyuma ikayohereza mu gutwi kwa muganga binyuze mu muyoboro w'ubudodo. Ubumenyi bw'amajwi buragoye gato, ariko mu magambo make, iyo ikintu kigiye mu mubiri wawe, gitera imitingito. Uku kuntu kunyuranamo bituma uduce duto two mu gace kawe duhura, bigatuma habaho imitingito y'amajwi . Imiyoboro iri muri stethoscope imeze nk'umuyoboro utwara ayo mitingito y'amajwi.

Iyo ugutwi kwa muganga kwakiriye ayo majwi, ahindurwamo amajwi azwi - urugero, ijwi rya "whoosh" ry'umutima uvuza urusaku cyangwa ifirimbi yo hejuru ya stridor.

Kugira ngo ibi byose bishoboke, ibice bitandukanye bya stethoscope bikora hamwe.

Ni ibihe bice bya stethoscope?

Stethoscope gakondo (imeze nk'iya analogue) ifite ibice bike by'ingenzi:

• Igice cyo mu gituza:

Iki ni igice muganga ashyira ku ruhu rwawe buhoro buhoro (ubusanzwe mu gituza cyawe, ariko no mu mugongo wawe, mu nda, no mu ijosi). Gikozwe mu byuma na pulasitiki. Kimwe n'igiceri, iki gikoresho cyo mu gituza gikunze kugira impande ebyiri: diaphragm n'inzogera . Muganga ashobora kuzunguza ibi bibiri kugira ngo yumve ubwoko butandukanye bw'amajwi.

• Diaphragm: Iki gice gifite uburebure kandi kizungurutse. Akenshi gikoreshwa mu kumva amajwi menshi (urugero: amajwi yo guhumeka, amajwi amwe yo mu nda, amajwi amwe yo mu mutima).
• Inzogera: Iki ni igice gito, gifite ishusho y'igikombe, gikozwe mu mwenge. Akenshi gikoreshwa mu kumva amajwi yo hasi (urugero: amajwi y'umutima, amajwi y'umutima, amajwi y'imitsi y'amaraso).

Inkoni nto y'icyuma (igiti) iva muri iki gice cy'igituza igahuzwa n'umuyoboro.

• Gukoresha umuyoboro w'amazi:

Uyu ni umuyoboro urimo ubusa kandi woroshye. Uyu ni wo ujyana ijwi kuva ku gice cyo mu gituza ukajya mu gutwi kwa muganga. Iyi miyoboro nayo iratandukanye mu miterere, ariko akenshi umuyoboro umwe uva ku gice cyo mu gituza, ukagenda intera ngufi, hanyuma ugacikamo imiyoboro ibiri ifite ishusho ya Y. Iyi miyoboro ibiri yoroshye ihujwe n'imiyoboro y'amatwi y'icyuma.

• Imiyoboro yo mu matwi:

Uku ni ko ijwi rijya mu gutwi kwa muganga. Hari imiyoboro ibiri y'icyuma, imwe kuri buri gutwi. Hari ubukana buto hagati yayo. Umuganga ashobora kwimura iyi miyoboro ibiri yegeranye cyangwa akayitandukanya cyane kugira ngo ijyane n'isura ye. Buri muyoboro w'ugutwi ufite agace gato koroshye ku iherezo (nk'uko utwuma tw'amatwi ukoresha wumva umuziki). Utu duce tw'ugutwi tuba twinjijwe mu gutwi kwa muganga.

Stethoscopes z'ikoranabuhanga n'iz'ikoranabuhanga zifite ibi bice by'ibanze bimwe. Ushobora kumva nta tandukaniro rinini ufite iyo muganga akusuzumye akoresheje zo. Ariko izi stethoscopes zigezweho zifite ibikoresho by'inyongera bya tekiniki byongera ijwi kandi bikora ibintu nko kurifata amajwi.

Ni nde wavumbuye stethoscope?

Stethoscope yavumbuwe bwa mbere mu 1816 n'umuganga w'Umufaransa witwaga René Laennec . Ariko igikoresho yavumbuye - umuyoboro woroshye w'ibiti - cyari gitandukanye cyane na stethoscope muganga wawe akoresha muri iki gihe. Ibyo biterwa nuko uko igihe cyagiye gihita, abandi baganga benshi barushijeho kunoza imiterere yayo. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibanze cya stethoscope tubona muri iki gihe cyavumbuwe mu myaka ya 1960 n'umuganga w'Umunyamerika witwa David Littmann .

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane tugomba kwigira kuri ibi

Iyo ufite ubwoba bwo kujya kwa muganga, cyangwa utegereje amakuru y'uwo ukunda, ushobora kuba udatekereza cyane ku bikoresho abaganga bakoresha. Kandi ushobora kuba utitaye ku buryo ibyo bikoresho bikora - igihe cyose bikora.

Ariko, kumenya bike ku gikoresho nka stethoscope bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa uruhare rukomeye ikoranabuhanga n'ubuhanga bwa muganga bishobora kugira mu kurinda ubuzima bwawe . Biratangaje gutekereza ku buryo siyansi n'agaciro byuzuye muri iki gikoresho gito, si byo se? Rero, ubutaha muganga agushyira stethoscope mu gituza, ndizera ko uzibuka ibi bintu!

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