Ese hari umuganga wakubwiye ko umwana wawe afite autisme? Ni ibisanzwe ko umubyeyi yumva afite ubwoba, agahinda, kandi afite ibibazo byinshi iyo yumvise iyo nkuru. "Ejo hazaza h'umwana wanjye hazaba hameze gute?" "Ese ntazigera abasha kuba nk'abandi bana?" "None se dukora iki?" Ushobora kuba wibaza. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bw'ingenzi bw'ubuvuzi buherutse kuzana icyizere mu mitima yacu. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuganire kuri ubu buvumbuzi bushya n'icyo ushobora kubwigiraho nk'umubyeyi w'umwana ufite autisme.
Ubu bushakashatsi bushya buvuga iki?
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'abashakashatsi bo mu bitaro by'abana bya Boston muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bwagaragaje ikintu gitangaje cyane. Ni ukuvuga ko abana barenga kimwe cya gatatu (37%) bagaragayeho indwara ya autisme spectrum disorder (ASD) mu bwana baba bararengeje ibimenyetso by'iyi ndwara ku myaka 6 .
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bana 213 basanzwemo ASD bari hagati y'umwaka 1 na 3. Aba bana basanzwemo bafite impuzandengo y'imyaka 2 n'igice. Aba bana bongeye gupimwa bari hagati y'imyaka 5 na 7. Ni bwo ibi bisubizo bitangaje byagaragaye.
Ibi bivuze ko gusuzuma indwara umwana akimara kuba muto atari ikintu kireba ubuzima bwe bwose kandi kidashobora guhinduka.
Ni ubuhe buvuzi aba bana bahawe?
Icy'ingenzi cyane muri ubu bushakashatsi ni uko buri mwana wese wagaragaye ko afite iyi ndwara yahawe uburyo runaka bwo kuyivura. Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane ni isesengura ry'imyitwarire (ABA) .
None se ABA ni iki?
Mu magambo make, ibi bikubiyemo kongera imyitwarire myiza ifasha umwana wawe kugira imyitwarire myiza no kugabanya imyitwarire mibi itamufasha. Urugero, kwigisha umwana wawe kureba abandi, kuvuga, kumwenyura no gusaba icyo ashaka ni imyitwarire myiza. Nanone, kugabanya ibintu nko kuba wenyine no gukora ibintu bimwe kenshi ni kimwe mu bigize ubu buryo bwo kuvura.
Binyuze muri ubu buvuzi bwa ABA, umwana:
- Ubuhanga mu itumanaho
- Kwita ku bintu no kwibandaho
- Ubumenyi bwo gusabana n'abandi
- Ubumenyi bwo kwiga
Byagaragaye ko hari byinshi bishobora kunozwa. Ibi rero bitwereka akamaro ko gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare no gutangira ubwo buryo bwo kuvura bukwiriye umwana.
Ni ibihe bintu biranga abana bakize indwara?
Ikindi gishimishije cyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi ni uko hari itandukaniro hagati y'abana bakize ASD n'abakomeje kugira iyi ndwara. Reka turebe aya makuru mu mbonerahamwe.
| Ibiranga | Ibyo abana bafite ASD bahuye na byo |
|---|---|
| Ubugore/Ubugabo | Ubushobozi bwo kubyara abana b'abakobwa bwiyongera (ASD ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bana b'abahungu). |
| Ubuhanga bwa buri munsi | Iyo indwara igaragaye bwa mbere, umwana aba afite urwego rwo hejuru rw'imikorere y'ibanze. Ni ukuvuga ko aba arusha abandi bana imirimo ya buri munsi nko kuvuga, kwambara no gufata ibyemezo. |
| Igipimo cy'ubwenge (IQ) | Abana bose bo muri iri tsinda bari bafite amanota 70 cyangwa arenga (ubwenge buri munsi ya 70 bufatwa nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubumuga bwo mu mutwe). |
Ibi bigaragaza ko hashobora kuba hari isano iri hagati y'ubushobozi bw'umwana bwa mbere n'uko abyitwaramo mu kuvurwa .
Ni irihe somo twakuramo nk'ababyeyi?
Ibisubizo by'ubu bushakashatsi bishobora kuba byaraguhaye icyizere gike. Ibyo ni byiza. Nk'uko Dr. Elizabeth Hasted, umwe mu bashakashatsi bakuru b'ubu bushakashatsi abivuga, ni ngombwa ko ababyeyi bahorana ibitekerezo bifunguye.
Agira ati: "Ni ngombwa kumva ko uko umwana akura, ndetse n'indwara ze zishobora guhinduka. Hari abana bashobora kugira impinduka zikomeye mu mibanire yabo n'abandi ndetse n'imyitwarire yabo. Bityo rero, ni ngombwa ko dukomeza gukurikirana abana no kuvugurura uburyo bwo kuvura uko bikenewe."
Ubutumwa bw'ingenzi dushobora gukuramo ni ubu:
- Ntugacike intege : Kuba umwana wawe afite ASD ntibivuze ko ari iherezo ry'ubuzima bwe. Iyo ahawe ubufasha n'ubuvuzi bukwiye, ashobora gutera imbere cyane.
- Vugana na muganga wawe buri gihe: Vugana na muganga wawe ku iterambere ry'umwana wawe, ibibazo byose ushobora kugira, n'ibindi byose. "Muganga, asa nkaho arimo koroherwa gato ubu," "Muganga, afite iyi ngeso nshya," n'ibindi.
- Kuvura hakiri kare ni ingenzi cyane: Niba ubonye impinduka mu myitwarire y'umwana wawe, nko kudakina n'abandi bana, kutamureba mu maso mu gihe uvuga, cyangwa kutavuga mu buryo bujyanye n'imyaka ye, ntutinde gushaka inama kwa muganga. Uko indwara igaragaye vuba, niko umusaruro w'ubuvuzi uba mwiza.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Indwara ya Autism spectrum (ASD) ishobora kuba atari indwara ihoraho kandi idahinduka, kandi ubushakashatsi bushya burimo gutanga icyizere.
- Iyo umwana amaze gupimwa ASD, ni ngombwa gutangira kuvurwa vuba bishoboka . Uburyo bwo kuvura imyitwarire, nka Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), bwagaragaye ko bufite akamaro kanini.
- Ganira na muganga wawe buri gihe ku iterambere ry'umwana wawe . Uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gukenera guhinduka uko umwana wawe akura.
- Umwana wese aratandukanye. Ntukagereranye iterambere ry'umwana wawe n'iry'undi mwana. Icy'ingenzi ni ugushyigikira umwana wawe mu kwihangana no mu rukundo .
- Muramenye ko ubu bushakashatsi ari ibyiringiro gusa, atari garanti ireba buri wese. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kwishingikiriza ku nama z’ubuvuzi zishingiye ku bushakashatsi .
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