Ese wigeze wumva ugiye gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kugenzura uruhande rumwe rw'umubiri wawe, kuvuga nabi, cyangwa se ukabura umwanya wo kureba, ariko byose bikagaruka mu minota mike? Iyo uhuye n'iki kibazo, abantu benshi batekereza bati: "Oh... bigomba kuba byari umunaniro." Ariko iki si ikintu ukwiye gufata nk'aho ari cyo cyoroshye. Iki gishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'umuburo, ikintu giteje akaga cyo gutera indwara ikomeye yo mu bwonko ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga kuri iki kibazo abantu benshi birengagiza, ariko ni ingenzi cyane. Icyo ni TIA, cyangwa Transient Ischemic Attack.
TIA ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Mu magambo make, TIA (Ischemic Attack y'igihe gito) ni paralysis y'igihe gito. Uturemangingo tw'ubwonko bwacu dukeneye ogisijeni n'intungamubiri kugira ngo dukore. Ibi biva mu maraso. Iyo umutsi w'amaraso ujyana amaraso mu gice cy'ubwonko ufunzwe akanya gato, icyo gice nticyakira amaraso. Ibi tubyita `(Ischemia)`. Muri iki gihe, imikorere y'umubiri igenzurwa n'icyo gice cy'ubwonko irahagarara igihe gito. Ariko, muri TIA, kuziba k'uyu mutsi w'amaraso ni iby'igihe gito . Mu minota mike cyangwa amasaha make, kuziba kw'amaraso kurakurwaho, maze amaraso agasubira gutembera mu bwonko. Ibimenyetso nabyo birashira.
Igikuru ni uko TIA imeze nk'indwara yo mu bwonko kandi isaba ubuvuzi bwihuse. Kuko iyo ibimenyetso bitangiye, nta muntu ushobora kumenya niba iyi ari TIA izakira mu minota mike, cyangwa stroke ikomeye izagira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe. Rero ntugapfushe ubusa umunota n'umwe.
Ese izina "Mini-Stroke" ni ryo ritari ryo?
TIA zikunze kwitwa "mini-stroke," ariko iryo si izina rikwiye. "Mini" ituma dutekereza ku kintu gito kandi kitagize ingaruka mbi. Ariko TIA ishobora kugira ingaruka ku gice kinini cy'ubwonko. Nanone, TIA ishobora gutera stroke ikomeye mu minota mike, amasaha, cyangwa iminsi.
Hari itandukaniro ribiri rikomeye hagati ya TIA na stroke ikomeye:
1. Indwara ya TIA izahagarara ubwayo. Ariko indwara yo mu bwonko ntabwo izahagarara kandi igomba kuvurwa.
2. Kubera ko kwangirika k'ubwonko burundu bibaho mu gihe cy'indwara yo mu bwonko, bigaragara neza kuri MRI scan. Ariko, kubera ko kwangirika k'ubwonko burundu bitabaho muri TIA, MRI scan nyuma y'uko ibimenyetso birangiye ubusanzwe nta tandukaniro igaragaza.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya TIA?
Ibimenyetso bya TIA bisa cyane n'iby'indwara yo mu bwonko. Ibi bimenyetso biza mu buryo butunguranye, nta nteguza . Kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso cyangwa byinshi bishobora kubaho icyarimwe.
| Ibimenyetso | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Intege nke/ubumuga bw'uruhande rumwe rw'umubiri (Hemiplegia) | Kumva uhubutse cyangwa uremereye ku ruhande rumwe rw'ukuboko, ukuguru, cyangwa mu maso. Nk'aho ugiye gucika intege. |
| Kugorwa no kuvuga (Aphasia / Dysarthria) | Urashoberwa n'amagambo, ntumenye icyo uvuga, cyangwa ukumva urimo kuvuga nabi iyo uvuga. |
| Gukurura uruhande rumwe rw'isura | Iyo ngerageje kumwenyura, uruhande rumwe rw'umunwa wanjye ruramanuka. Sinshobora kugenzura imitsi yo mu maso. |
| Ibibazo byo kutabona (Diplopia) | Uhita utakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba mu jisho rimwe cyangwa yombi, amaso yawe ahinduka nk'aho adasobanutse, cyangwa ubona ibintu bibiri icyarimwe. |
| Kugorwa no kugenda no gutakaza uburinganire (Ataxia) | Mu buryo butunguranye, numva ndi mu kizunguzungu, ntashobora kugenda neza, kandi nkumva ndimo kunyeganyega. |
| Kubabara umutwe bitunguranye, bikomeye | Umutwe utunguranye kandi ukabije, nk'uwo utigeze ugira mu buzima bwawe, nta mpamvu igaragara. |
| Urujijo no kugorwa no gusobanukirwa | Biba bigoye kumva icyo abandi bavuga, maze uhita wibagirwa ibintu nk'aho uri n'igihe. |
Kuki iyi TIA iba?
TIA na stroke biterwa n'ibintu bimwe. Impamvu nyamukuru ni ukufungana kw'umuyoboro w'amaraso utanga amaraso mu bwonko by'agateganyo. Hari uburyo bwinshi ibi bishobora kubaho:
- Thrombose: Iyo cholesterol n'ibindi bintu byirundanyije mu nkuta z'imitsi yo mu bwonko (ibi byitwa atherosclerosis), amaraso ashobora kuzura no kuziba imitsi yo mu bwonko.
- Agahu kavutse ahandi kajya mu bwonko (Thromboembolism): Tekereza ku gahu kavutse mu muyoboro munini w'amaraso mu mutima cyangwa mu ijosi ("carotid artery"), kagacika, kakagendana n'amaraso, maze kagafata mu muyoboro muto w'amaraso mu bwonko. Ibi byago biri hejuru ku bantu bafite indwara yitwa "Atrial fibrillation", ari yo ndwara y'umutima idakora neza.
- Gucika kw'imitsi mu bwonko: Iyi ndwara ishobora no guterwa no kuziba kw'imitsi mito cyane iri mu bwonko.
- TIA idasobanutse (Cryptogenic TIA): Hari igihe, nubwo hakozwe ibizamini byinshi, nta mpamvu yihariye ishobora kuboneka itera TIA.
Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara TIA?
Hari abantu bashobora kugira TIA kurusha abandi. Ibi byitwa ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago. Bimwe muri ibyo dushobora kubigenzura.
| Impamvu y'ibyago | Uburyo bigira ingaruka |
|---|---|
| Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension) | Iki ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi kandi giteje akaga kurusha ibindi. Umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso wangiza imiyoboro y’amaraso kandi ukongera ibyago byo kuyifunga. |
| Diyabete `(Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2)` | Iyo isukari mu maraso yiyongereye, imiyoboro y'amaraso irangirika, ibyo bikaba byongera ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso. |
| Kunywa itabi | Kunywa itabi bikomeza amaraso, bikangiza inkuta z'imitsi, kandi bikongera umuvuduko w'amaraso. |
| Kolesteroli nyinshi `(Hyperlipidemia)` | Kolesteroli mbi (LDL) mu maraso ishobora gushyirwa ku nkuta z'imitsi y'amaraso, ikagenda igabanuka buhoro buhoro ikayifunga. |
| Indwara z'umutima (cyane cyane `Atrial fibrillation`) | Umutima udakora neza ushobora gutuma amaraso afungana mu mutima akagera mu bwonko. |
| Umubyibuho ukabije (ubwiyongere bw'ibiro by'umubiri) | Kongera ibiro bifitanye isano itaziguye n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, diyabete na cholesterol. |
| Gusaza | Ingaruka ziyongera uko imiyoboro y'amaraso igenda igabanuka uko imyaka igenda ikura. |
TIA iteje akaga gangana iki?
Impamvu nyamukuru ituma TIA iba ari ikibazo cyihutirwa ni uko ari imbarutso y’indwara ikomeye yo mu bwonko. Iyo TIA ibaye, umubiri wawe uguha umuburo ukomeye, uravuga uti: "Hari ikibazo cy’amaraso atembera mu bwonko, kora icyo ukora vuba, bitabaye ibyo bishobora guteza akaga."
Wibuke ko abantu bagera kuri 20% bafite TIA bazarwara indwara yo mu bwonko ikomeye mu minsi 90 iri imbere. Kimwe cya kabiri cy'abo bazayirwara mu minsi ibiri ya mbere! Ibyo bivuze ko amasaha 48 ari imbere ya TIA ari ingenzi cyane.
Ni gute umuganga asuzuma TIA?
Iyo ugiye kwa muganga ufite ibimenyetso bya TIA, abaganga bazabanza kugerageza kumenya niba ari TIA, stroke ikomeye, cyangwa indi ndwara. Bazakoresha ibi bizamini:
1. Kukubaza ibisobanuro birambuye: Kukubaza ibimenyetso byawe, igihe bimaze, n'izindi ndwara ufite kugira ngo umenye uko umeze.
2. Isuzuma ry'umubiri n'imitsi: Imbaraga z'umubiri wawe, uburinganire, imvugo, n'amaso birapimwa kugira ngo hamenyekane igice cy'ubwonko cyagizweho ingaruka.
3. Gupima:
- Isuzuma rya CT (Computed Tomography):Ibi bishobora gufata ifoto y'ubwonko mu minota mike. Bisuzuma cyane cyane niba hari amaraso mu bwonko.
- Isuzuma rya MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Ibi bishobora gutanga ishusho isobanutse neza y'ingingo z'ubwonko. Isuzuma rya MRI ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hamenyekane neza TIA na stroke yangiritse burundu.
Uretse ibi, ibizamini by'umutima nka ``(ECG)``, ``(Echocardiogram)``, n'ibipimo by'amaraso nabyo bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane icyabiteye.
Indwara za TIA zivurwa zite?
Kubera ko TIA ari iy'igihe gito, nta buryo bwihariye bwo kuyivura muri icyo gihe. Ariko, intego nyamukuru yo kuvura ni ukwirinda indwara ikomeye yo mu bwonko mu gihe kizaza. Ibyo bivuze kuvura ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyateye TIA.
Imiti
- Imiti igabanya amaraso: Imiti nka aspirine itangwa kugira ngo igabanye ibyago byo kuvura amaraso. Indi miti nka clopidogrel ishobora no gutangwa.
- Imiti y'umuvuduko w'amaraso: Niba umuvuduko w'amaraso wawe uri hejuru, uzaguhabwa imiti yo kuwugenzura.
- Imiti igabanya cholesterol (Statines): Imiti nka Atorvastatin cyangwa Rosuvastatin igabanya urugero rwa cholesterol mbi mu maraso.
- Imiti igabanya amaraso: Niba ufite ikibazo nk'indwara ya atrial fibrillation, ushobora guhabwa imiti ikomeye nka Warfarin na Apixaban kugira ngo wirinde kubyimba kw'amaraso.
Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura
Hari ubwo, iyo umutsi mukuru w'amaraso uri mu ijosi (`imitsi ya carotid`) wabaye muto cyane, hakoreshwa uburyo butandukanye kugira ngo wongere umere neza.
- Uburyo bwo gupima imitsi yo mu nda: Catheter nto inyuzwa mu mitsi y'amaraso hanyuma kuziba kwayo kwaguka hakoreshejwe icyuma gisa n'ibendera (angioplasty) cyangwa hagashyirwamo igikoresho gisa n'ikirahure kugira ngo imitsi ikomeze gufungura.
- Kubagwa: Hari igihe igikorwa cyo kubaga cyitwa carotid endarterectomy gikorwa kugira ngo hakureho cholesterol mu mitsi ijyana amaraso kandi hasukurwe imitsi.
Wakora iki niba ufite TIA?
Ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka muri iyi nkuru ni iki: Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi agize kimwe mu bimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru by'ubumuga, ntugatinde umunota umwe.
Ntutegereze kugeza igihe wumva uti "Oh... ibi bizagenda neza mu gihe gito." Nubwo ibimenyetso byagenda bishira mu minota mike, ntubyirengagize. Hamagara imbangukiragutabara ako kanya cyangwa ujye mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihuse (ETU) ry’ibitaro biri hafi yawe.
Wibuke ko igihe ari uturemangingo tw'ubwonko. Buri munota ushize ushobora kwangiza byinshi.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- TIA ni ubumuga bw'igihe gito, ariko ni ikintu giteje akaga cyane gitera indwara ikomeye yo mu bwonko.
- Ibimenyetso bya TIA (kubura ibinya ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri, kugorwa no kuvuga, kunanirwa mu maso) bisa neza n'iby'indwara yo mu bwonko. Itandukaniro ryonyine ni uko bishira mu minota mike cyangwa amasaha make.
- Ntuzigere wirengagiza ko ibimenyetso bizimira. Jya mu bitaro byita ku barwayi ba ETU byihutirwa.
- Intego nyamukuru yo kuvura TIA ni ukwirinda indwara ikomeye yo mu bwonko mu gihe kizaza. Kugira ngo ubigereho, kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe n'imiti ye neza.
- Kugenzura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, diyabete na cholesterol, kwirinda kunywa itabi no gukurikiza ubuzima bwiza bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya TIA na stroke.
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Kwipimisha kanseri y'ibere, kwisuzuma no kwirinda byakozwe byoroshye. Kanseri y'ibihaha
Ishyirireho intego ya calorie hanyuma ubare itariki yo kugabanya ibiro.