Ese hari igihe wumva ikintu nk'igikombe cyangwa ikaramu bigwa hasi nta mpamvu? Cyangwa wumva amaguru yawe arimo gutsitara iyo ugenda, cyangwa amagambo yawe aratuje iyo uvuga? Nubwo ibi akenshi biba ari ibintu bitubaho, rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'ikintu gikomeye kiba mu mubiri wacu. Uko ni ko tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara ifitanye isano n'imitsi yacu muri iki gihe. Iyo ni indwara ya ALS.
Mu magambo make, ALS ni iki?
ALS ni incamake ya Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis . Hari n'abandi bayita 'indwara ya Lou Gehrig', bakurikije Lou Gehrig, umukinnyi wa baseball uzwi cyane mu myaka ya 1930. Muri make, ni indwara igira ingaruka ku mitsi yacu, cyane cyane uturemangingo tw'imitsi twitwa motor neurons .
Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza icyo izi neuron zikora. Tekereza, uzamura ukuboko, ugakora ukuguru, uvuga, uhekenya ibiryo... Ukora ibi byose ku bushake, si byo se? Utu tunyangingo tw’imitsi tugenzura imitsi twibwira kandi tukayigenzura. Utu tunyangingo tw’imitsi dutwara ubutumwa buva mu bwonko bujya mu mitsi, bugira buti: "Kora ibi." Iyo ALS ikuze, utwo tunyangingo tw’imitsi ducika intege buhoro buhoro kandi ntitwongere gukora. Hanyuma ubutumwa buva mu bwonko ntibugera ku mitsi neza. Ingaruka zabyo ni uko imitsi igenda icika intege buhoro buhoro.
Ikibabaje cyane ni uko iyi ndwara amaherezo igabanya intege za diaphragm, imitsi idufasha guhumeka. Abarwayi benshi bapfa bazize kunanirwa guhumeka . Nta muti uhamye w'iyi ndwara uraboneka.
Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera indwara ya ALS?
Impamvu nyayo ya ALS ntiramenyekana, ariko hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutera iyi ndwara byagaragaye.
- Genetics: Ku bantu bake barwaye ALS, hafi 10%, iba ari umurage. Ibi bivuze ko iyo umuntu mu muryango afite iyi ndwara, hari amahirwe 50% ko iyo gene izakwirakwira ku bana be. Ibi byitwa ALS y'umuryango .
- Imyaka: Ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara biriyongera uko umuntu akura kugeza ku myaka 75. Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bantu bari hagati y'imyaka 60 na 80.
- Igitsina: Mu bantu bari munsi y'imyaka 65, abagabo ni bo bafite amahirwe make yo kurwara iyi ndwara kurusha abagore. Ariko, nyuma y'imyaka 70, iryo tandukaniro rirashira.
- Kunywa itabi:Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko abanywa itabi baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara ALS, cyane cyane ku bagore nyuma yo gucura.
- Uburozi : Abashakashatsi bizera ko guhura n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe byangiza ubuzima, nka lisansi, nabyo bishobora kuba impamvu y'ibyago. Ibi biracyakorerwa iperereza.
- Umurimo wa gisirikare: Igitangaje ni uko hari ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abahoze mu gisirikare bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara ALS. Impamvu nyayo ntabwo izwi, ariko bikekwa ko ifitanye isano n'ibintu nko guhura n'uburozi n'umuvuduko ukabije.
- Gusitara mu gihe ugenda, amaguru aragongana.
- Kugorwa no gufata ikintu neza mu ntoki (urugero: ibikombe bigwa, amasafuriya).
- Imvugo idasobanutse neza .
- Kugorwa no kumira ibiryo cyangwa ibinyobwa.
- Kubabara imitsi cyangwa ububabare.
- Kunyeganyega kw'imitsi - kandi byitwa fasciculations .
- Kugorwa no kugumana umubiri uhagaze neza, kudashobora kugumana ijosi rigororotse.
- EMG (Electromyography):Ibi bipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi mu mitsi. Muri ALS, imitsi ntikira ubutumwa buturutse mu mitsi neza, bityo ikizamini cya EMG kigaragaza imiterere idasanzwe.
- Inyigo yo Gutwara Imitsi: Ibi bipima umuvuduko w'amakuru y'amashanyarazi anyura mu mitsi. Ibi bishobora gutanga igitekerezo cy'ingano y'ibyangiritse ku mitsi.
- Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri: Bufasha mu gukora imyitozo minini y'imitsi nko kugenda no guhagarara.
- Ubuvuzi bw'akazi: Bufasha mu kugira ubumenyi buhagije mu mikorere y'umubiri nko gupfunyika amapfundo ku ishati no kurya ukoresheje ikiyiko.
- Ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga: Bufasha gusobanura neza uburyo umuntu avuga no guhangana n'ingorane zo kumira.
- ALS ni indwara yibasira uturemangingo tw’imitsi twitwa moteri neurons zigenzura imitsi yacu ku bushake.
- Ibimenyetso bya mbere bishobora kuba bitagaragara cyane, harimo intege nke mu maguru, kugorwa no kugenda, no kuvuga nabi.
- Nta kizamini cyihariye gitangwa kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara, kandi isuzuma ryemezwa no gukuraho izindi ndwara.
- Nubwo nta muti wuzuye w’iyi ndwara uraboneka, ubuvuzi bw’umubiri, ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga, n’ibikoresho bitandukanye bifasha umurwayi gukomeza ubuzima bwiza.
- Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso igihe kirekire, shakisha inama kwa muganga.
Icy'ingenzi: Niba ukeka ko wanyoye imiti y'uburozi, ntugatinye ahubwo hamagara Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe gutanga amakuru ku burozi mu bitaro by'igihugu bya Colombo kugira ngo uhabwe inama z'abaganga.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya mbere bya ALS?
Ibimenyetso bya ALS ntibigaragara mu buryo butunguranye, ahubwo bihita buhoro. Mu ntangiriro, ushobora kubona impinduka nke cyane. Wenda ukuboko kwawe kumeze nk'ibinya iyo ufashe umuyoboro w'imodoka. Cyangwa ushobora kugorwa no kuvuga mbere y'uko ibindi bimenyetso bigaragara. Ibimenyetso bya mbere biratandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye.
Ariko hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bisanzwe bigaragaye mbere y’igihe:
Iyi ndwara ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bitewe n'uko itangira: Gutangira kw'ikirenge (bitangirira mu maguru) na Gutangira kw'ikirenge (bitangirira ku kugorwa no kuvuga no kumira) .
| Uko indwara itangira | Ibimenyetso bisanzwe |
|---|---|
| Gutangira kw'ikirenge (umugongo) | Ku bantu benshi, iyi ndwara itangira muri ubu buryo. Ibimenyetso bitangira kugaragara mu maboko cyangwa amaguru.
|
| Kugaragara kw'ibice bibiri (gutangira kuvuga/kumira) | Ibi ntibikunze kugaragara cyane. Ibimenyetso bitangira mu mitsi yo mu maso, mu ijosi no mu muhogo.
|
| Iyi ndwara irushaho kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita. | |
| Iyo indwara ikomeje kwiyongera | Intege nke z'imitsi, kugabanuka kw'imitsi (atrophy), kugorwa no guhekenya no kumira, kudashobora kumva icyo ivuga, no guhumeka bigoranye. |
Indwara ya ALS ipimwa ite?
Gusuzuma indwara ya ALS ni inzira igoye kuko nta kizamini kimwe gisuzuma indwara yihariye. Abaganga bagaragaza izindi ndwara zose zishobora gutera ibimenyetso byawe mbere yo gusuzuma indwara ya ALS.
Muganga wawe, cyane cyane inzobere mu ndwara z'imitsi, azagukorera ibi bizamini:
1. Isuzuma ryuzuye rya muganga: Tuzaganira ku bimenyetso byawe n'amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe mu buryo burambuye, tunarebe niba imitsi ifite intege nke, imitsi idakora neza, n'ingorane zo kuvuga.
2. Gupima amaraso n'inkari: Ibi bifasha mu gukuraho izindi ndwara zishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso bisa na ALS, nk'indwara ya tiroyide, kubura vitamine B12, n'izindi ndwara.
3. MRI scan: MRI ntabwo igaragaza neza ALS, ariko ni ngombwa gusuzuma izindi mpamvu, nko kurwara ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko cyangwa uruti rw'umugongo cyangwa disiki yacitse.
4. Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi: Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu gusuzuma indwara.
Kubera ko gusuzuma indwara ya ALS ari ikibazo gikomeye, abantu benshi bashishikazwa no gushaka undi muntu wongeraho ibitekerezo. Ibyo ni byiza. Nanone, kubera ko indwara igenda ikura uko igihe kigenda gihita, ni byiza kongera kwipimisha nyuma y'amezi agera kuri atandatu kugira ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso byagabanutse.
Ni gute wakwitwara mu gihe ibimenyetso bihari?
Nubwo nta muti wuzuye wa ALS uraboneka, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura ibimenyetso no kunoza ubuzima bw'umurwayi.
Byongeye kandi, hari ibikoresho nk'amagare y'abamugaye, imashini za CPAP zifasha mu guhumeka, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa (software yo kumenya amaso) rifasha abafite ikibazo cyo kuvuga kuvugana.
Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi akomeje kugira ibimenyetso bivugwa hano, nyamuneka ntugapfushe umwanya ngo urebe muganga wujuje ibisabwa . Gutahura indwara hakiri kare ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kuyirwanya.
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