Akenshi turwara umuriro usanzwe n'umutwe usanzwe. Ariko rimwe na rimwe uyu muriro n'umutwe bishobora kumera ukundi, bikaba bikomeye kurushaho. Ibyo bibaho iyo hari ububyimbirwe, ni ukuvuga kubyimba, mu bwonko . Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga ku ndwara ikomeye cyane, ariko ni ngombwa cyane kubimenya. Iyo ni indwara ya encephalite . Nubwo iyi ari indwara ikunze kugaragara, abana bato, abageze mu zabukuru, n'abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye bari mu kaga gakomeye.
Encephalitis ni iki?
Muri make, indwara ya encephalitis ni ububyimbirwe bw'imitsi y'ubwonko bwawe. Ibi bishobora kuba bibi cyane. Bitewe n'igice cy'ubwonko bwawe cyabyimbye, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bitandukanye, birimo impinduka mu myitwarire, gucika intege , no guta ubwenge.
Akenshi, ibi biterwa n'ubwandu bwa virusi. Urugero, virusi ya herpes simplex. Ishobora kandi guterwa na bagiteri , fungi, udukoko, imiti imwe n'imwe, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'indwara y'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri.
Igikuru ni ukumenya ibimenyetso no gushaka ubuvuzi vuba. Abantu benshi barwaye indwara ya encephalite yoroheje barakira burundu.
Itandukaniro riri hagati ya encephalite na meningitis
Abantu benshi bavanga ibi byombi kuko byombi ari indwara zo kubyimba mu bwonko. Tekereza ubwonko bwacu nk'umusego.
- Encephalitis: Ibi bikubiyemo kubyimba igice cy'ubwonko. Ni ukuvuga, igice cy'ubwonko ubwacyo.
- Meningite: Iyi ni indwara yo kubyimba kwa meninge, uturemangingo turinda ubwonko n'umugongo .
Nubwo ibi bintu byombi bishobora guteza akaga, ni indwara ebyiri zitandukanye.
Ese iyi ndwara yandura?
Indwara yitwa kubyimba ubwonko ntabwo yandurira mu muntu umwe, ariko virusi cyangwa bagiteri itera iyo ndwara ishobora kwandurira mu muntu umwe.Urugero, virusi ya herpes ishobora kwanduzwa iva ku muntu ijya ku wundi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, indwara zo mu bwana nka measles na mumps zateraga encephalitis. Ariko ubu twese tumaze kubona inkingo, izo ngaruka zaragabanutse cyane.
Impamvu nyamukuru zibitera ni izihe?
Hari impamvu nyinshi zitera indwara ya encephalite. Reka tubirebe mu mbonerahamwe.
| Icyiciro cy'impamvu | Ingero n'ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Kwandura virusi (impamvu ikunze kugaragara) |
|
| Izindi ndwara (zidakunze kugaragara) |
|
| Ibibazo by'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (Autoimmune) | Kwibeshya ku buryo umubiri wirwanaho no kwibasira uturemangingo tw’ubwonko. |
Hari igihe abaganga bashobora kudashobora kubona impamvu runaka ibitera.
Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa encephalite
Ibi bishobora kuza mu buryo bubiri bw'ingenzi.
1. Encephalitis yandura
Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane. Bubaho iyo umugera, nka virusi cyangwa bagiteri, winjiye mu bwonko mu buryo butaziguye ugatera ubwandu. Abantu batuye mu turere dufite imibu myinshi n'amazi adatemba baba bari mu kaga gakomeye. Ubwo bwoko bushobora kwigaragaza vuba, kandi ibimenyetso bishobora kwiyongera vuba.
2. Encephalitis y'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri
Ibi biragoye gato. Ibibaho hano si indwara ituruka hanze, ahubwo ubudahangarwa bwacu bwite bwibasiye uturemangingo tuzima mu bwonko mu buryo butari bwo. Ibi bigenda bikura buhoro buhoro. Aha, ushobora kubona ibimenyetso byinshi by’imitsi nko kwitiranya ibintu, ibibazo byo kwibuka, no gucika intege. Hari indwara nyinshi zijyanye n’ibi (urugero: `Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis`, `Hashimoto's encephalopathy`).
Umuburo: Ubwo bwoko bwombi bushobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu mufite ibimenyetso bikomeye by’imitsi nko kurakara cyane, kwitiranya ibintu, gusinzira, cyangwa gusinzira cyane, jya kwa muganga mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bw’ibanze (ETU) vuba.
Ibimenyetso ni ibihe?
Ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa buhoro buhoro mu minsi myinshi.
| Ibimenyetso bya encephalite | |
|---|---|
| Ibimenyetso by'ibanze cyangwa byoroheje | |
| - Umunaniro ukabije, kumva ufite intege nke | - Umuriro (ushobora kuba ufite umuriro mwinshi) |
| - Kuribwa umutwe cyane | - Gusobanukirwa urumuri n'urusaku |
| - Kugorama gato mu ijosi | - Kurakara, kubura amahoro |
| Ibimenyetso bikomeye (jya kuri ETU ako kanya!) | |
| - Kubura ibinya mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'umubiri, kugorwa no kugenda | - Urujijo, kugorwa no kuvuga cyangwa kumva ibyo abandi bavuga |
| - Indwara zo mu mutwe | - Kubona ibintu mu buryo bubiri (Kubona ibintu kabiri) |
| - Gutakaza ubwenge (Coma) | - Mu bana bato: Fontanel iri hejuru y'umutwe irabyimba. |
Ubibona ute, Muganga?
Muganga wawe azabanza kukubaza ibimenyetso byawe, kuva umunsi byatangiriye. Ni ngombwa kandi kubaza niba warigeze kujya mu turere dukunze kugaragaramo imibu n'uduheri, cyangwa niba warigeze guhura n'umuntu warwaye. Hanyuma bazagusuzuma umubiri wawe, nibiba ngombwa, bakore ibizamini nk'ibi.
- Gupima amaraso: Kureba niba nta bwandu bwandujwe.
- Ibizamini byo gupima: Hazakorwa isuzuma rya CT scan cyangwa MRI kugira ngo harebwe niba hari kubyimba cyangwa ibindi bibazo mu bwonko.
- EEG (Electroencephalogram): Ibi bifasha kumenya ibicurane urebye imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko.
- Gutera amenyo mu gifu: Ntugahangayikishwe n'ibi. Ibi bisaba gufata urugero ruto cyane rw'amazi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo no kureba mu bwonko niba nta ndwara yandujwe.
- Bisipu y'ubwonko: Ibi bikorwa gake cyane, gusa iyo nta bindi bizamini bishobora kuvura impamvu.
Ivurwa ite?
Kubera ko indwara ya encephalitis ari indwara ikomeye, akenshi isaba kujya mu bitaro no kuvurwa, aho umutima wawe, umuvuduko w'amaraso, n'ubuhumekero bihora bigenzurwa.
Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'icyateye indwara n'uko umurwayi amerewe.
- Steroids: Iyi miti itangwa kugira ngo igabanye kubyimba mu bwonko.
- Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi: Niba wanduye virusi nka herpes, uzahabwa imiti nka `Acyclovir`.
- Antibiyotike: Niba impamvu ari bagiteri.
- Imiti igabanya ububabare: Kurwanya ibicurane.
- Ku ndwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri: Uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura nka `Immune globulin` cyangwa `Plasmapheresis`.
- Ku muriro n'umutwe: Imiti nka parasetamol.
Ubuvuzi burakenewe ndetse na nyuma yo gukira
Nyuma yo gukira, hari abantu bashobora gukenera ubufasha bwinshi kugira ngo basubiza inyuma.
- Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri: Kongera imbaraga mu mitsi yo mu bintu nko kugenda no guhagarara.
- Ubuvuzi bw'akazi: Menya gukora imirimo ya buri munsi ku giti cyawe.
- Ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga: Kuraho ingorane zo kuvuga.
- Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze: Gucunga impinduka zo mu mutwe n'imihangayiko iterwa n'indwara.
Ni gute wakwirinda ibi?
Ikintu cyiza cyo gukora ni ukwirinda mikorobe zitera ibi.
- Gira inkingo: Fata inkingo zose muganga agusaba ku gihe, cyane cyane ku bana.
- Komeza kugira isuku: Karaba intoki zawe kenshi n'isabune n'amazi. Ntugasangire amasahani, ibikombe, cyangwa amasume n'abandi.
- Irinde imibu n'udusimba:
- Imibu ikunze kugaragara nimugoroba na kare mu gitondo. Niba ugiye hanze muri ibi bihe, ambara imyenda ipfuka umubiri wawe.
- Shyira ibirahuri ku madirishya y'inzu.
- Koresha inzitiramibu.
- Sukura ahantu amazi ahurira. Amapine ashaje, ibishyimbo by'amasaka, n'inkono z'indabo ni ahantu imibu ikwirakwiza indwara nka dengue itera amagi yayo.
- Niba ugiye mu mashyamba, ambara imyenda itwikiriye umubiri wose.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Encephalitis ni indwara ikomeye aho ingingo z'ubwonko zibyimba. Iyi si ibicurane bisanzwe.
- Akenshi, impamvu iba ari ubwandu bwa virusi. Muri Sri Lanka, ugomba kandi kumenya indwara zandurira mu mibu nka dengue.
- Niba ubonye ibimenyetso bikomeye nko gusinzira, gusinzira cyane, urujijo, cyangwa kugorwa no kuvuga , jya kwa muganga wita ku barwayi ba ETU byihutirwa.
- Ingaruka zo kwandura iyi ndwara zishobora kugabanuka ukoresheje inkingo kandi ukirinda imibu.
- Abantu benshi bakira burundu iyo bapimwe indwara hakiri kare kandi bakayivurwa. Niba rero ufite gushidikanya ku bimenyetso byawe, ntutinde kujya kwa muganga.











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