Iyo utwite, muganga agusaba gukora ibizamini bitandukanye, si byo se? Hari igihe wumva amazina y'ibi bizamini by'ubuvuzi, wumva ufite ubwoba kandi ukagira amatsiko. Ku bantu benshi, ikizamini kitamenyerewe, ariko gifite akamaro cyane, cyitwa ikizamini cya karyotype. Hari n'abantu bacyita ikizamini cya genetiki, ikizamini cya chromosome, cyangwa isesengura rya cytogenetiki. Ntugahangayike, aya mazina yerekeza ku kizamini kimwe. Uyu munsi, tuzavuga kuri ibi mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora kumva.
Iki kizamini cya Karyotype ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Mu magambo make, ikizamini cya karyotype gisuzuma neza cyane chromosomes ziri mu turemangingo tw'umubiri wacu. Tekereza kuri izi chromosomes nk'igishushanyo mbonera cy'uko umubiri wacu uzaba wubatswe. Iki kizamini gisuzuma impinduka cyangwa ibitagenda neza muri iki gishushanyo mbonera.
Mu gihe utwite, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ko bapima kugira ngo barebe niba hari indwara zimwe na zimwe za gene na chromosomes mu gihembwe cya mbere n'icya kabiri. Akenshi, ibisubizo by'ibi bizamini biba biri mu rugero rusanzwe. Nta kindi kizamini gikenewe.
Ariko, niba ibyo bizamini bya mbere bigaragaza ko hari ikibazo, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukora ikindi kizamini, urugero nk'ikizamini cya Karyotype. Ibi bishobora kwemeza neza niba umwana ukurira mu nda afite ikibazo cy'uturemangingo cyangwa chromosome.
Ikizamini cya karyotype gisuzuma iki?
Ubusanzwe, umuntu muzima agira chromosomes 46. Uruhinja ruhabwa 23 muri zo na nyina, izindi 23 zigahabwa se.
Hari igihe umwana ashobora kugira chromosome y'inyongera, chromosome imwe ikabura, cyangwa hakabaho impinduka idasanzwe muri chromosome imwe. Ikizamini cya karyotype gishobora kugaragaza neza niba ari uko bimeze. Izi ni zimwe mu ndwara abaganga bareba cyane cyane muri iki kizamini.
| Imiterere | Bisobanuwe mu buryo bworoshye |
|---|---|
| Indwara ya Down (Down syndrome - Trisomie 21) | Umwana afite chromosome eshatu (zindi) aho kuba ebyiri kuri chromosome 21. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku miterere y'umwana no ku bushobozi bwe bwo kwiga. |
| Indwara ya Edwards (syndrome ya Edwards - Trisomy 18) | Umwana afite chromosome 18 y'inyongera. Aba bana bakunze kugira ibibazo byinshi by'ubuzima, kandi benshi ntibamara umwaka urenze umwe. |
| Indwara ya Patau (Trisomie 13) | Umwana afite chromosome 13 y'inyongera. Aba bana bakunze kugira indwara z'umutima n'ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bukabije. Benshi ntibamara umwaka urenze umwe. |
| Indwara ya Klinefelter | Umwana w'umuhungu afite chromosome ya X y'inyongera (nk'iya XXY). Ubugimbi bwabo bushobora gutinda, kandi abana bashobora gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubyara. |
| Indwara ya Turner | Umwana w'umukobwa ashobora kuba afite imwe muri chromosomes X ibura cyangwa yangiritse. Ibi bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima, ibibazo by'ijosi, no kuba mugufi. |
Gupima karyotype ntibikoreshwa gusa mu gupima inenge z’uturemangingo tw’umwana mu gihe atwite, ahubwo bifite n’izindi nyungu.
- Niba ufite ikibazo cyo gusama inda , cyangwa warakuyemo inda inshuro nyinshi, muganga wawe ashobora gukora iki kizamini kugira ngo arebe niba hari ikibazo kiri kuri chromosomes zawe cyangwa iz'uwo mwashakanye.
- Menya niba ushobora kwanduza umwana wawe indwara y’uturemangingo.
- Iyo habayeho umwana wapfuye, menya niba impamvu ari ikibazo cy’uturemangingo .
- Shaka impamvu y'ibibazo by'umubiri cyangwa imikurire y'umwana wawe cyangwa umwana wawe muto ashobora kuba afite.
- Mu gihe kidasanzwe aho igitsina cy'umwana ukiri mu nda kitazwi neza, byemeze.
- Amoko amwe na amwe ya kanseriKanseri ishobora gutera impinduka muri chromosomes. Ikizamini cya karyotype gishobora gufasha kumenya uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura.
Ubwo bwoko bw'ibizamini bya Karyotype ni ubuhe kandi bikorwa ryari?
Ibi bizamini bishobora gukorwa gusa mu byumweru bimwe na bimwe byo gutwita. Muganga wawe ni we uzaguhitiramo ikizamini cyiza, bitewe n'igihe ugeze mu nda yawe n'ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago.
Umwana aba afite amahirwe make yo kugira ikibazo cya chromosome mu bihe bikurikira:
- Niba ufite imyaka irenga 35.
- Niba usanzwe ufite umwana ufite indwara ya chromosomes , cyangwa niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite iyo ndwara.
- Niba wowe cyangwa umukunzi wawe mufite ibitagenda neza muri chromosomes zabo.
- Niba warigeze gukuramo inda cyangwa kubyara umwana wapfuye mbere.
Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'ibizamini bikorwa:
1. Gupima Viliyoni (CVS)
Muri ibi, muganga akoresha urushinge rurerure kugira ngo akureho icyitegererezo gito cyane cy’uturemangingo muri placenta , gitanga intungamubiri ku mwana. Utu turemangingo twoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo dupimwe. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya niba umwana afite ibibazo bya genetiki nka Down syndrome, trisomy 13, cyangwa trisomy 18.
- Igihe cyo kubikora: Hagati y'ibyumweru 10 na 13 byo gutwita.
- Ingaruka: Hari ibyago bike cyane byo gukuramo inda bivuye muri iki kizamini (hafi umugore 1 ku bagore 100 bapimwe). Hari kandi ibyago bimwe na bimwe ku mwana, bityo abaganga barabisaba gusa iyo hari ibyago byinshi byo kugira ikibazo ku mwana.
2. Amniocentesis
Muri iki kizamini, muganga ashyira urushinge rurerure mu nda yawe maze agafata urugero ruto rw'amazi ya amniotic akikije umwana uri mu nda. Uturemangingo tw'umwana turi muri aya mazi twoherezwa gupimwa. Uretse ibibazo byose by'uturemangingo ikizamini cya CVS gishakisha, gishobora no kumenya indwara zikomeye zigira ingaruka ku bwonko bw'umwana cyangwa uruti rw'umugongo (neural tube defects).
- Igihe cyo kubikora: Hagati y'ibyumweru 15 na 20 byo gutwita.
- Ingaruka: Haracyari ibyago bike byo gukuramo inda, ariko biri hasi ugereranije na CVS (hafi umugore 1 kuri 200 bapimwe).
Ese hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ibi bizamini?
Yego, nkuko twabiganiriyeho mbere, hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zijyanye n'uburyo bukoreshwa mu kubona utwo turemangingo. CVS cyangwa Amniocentesis ni gake cyane bishobora gutera gukuramo inda . Hari kandi amahirwe make yo kuva amaraso menshi cyangwa kwandura. Muganga wawe azakubwira ibi byose mu buryo burambuye. Rero mbere yo kugira ubwoba, baza muganga wawe ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose ushobora kuba ufite.
Bigenda bite nyuma y'uko ibisubizo by'ibizamini bibonetse?
Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya karyotype birasobanutse neza. Ni ukuvuga ko iyo ibisubizo byabonetse, ushobora kumenya neza niba umwana 'afite' ikibazo cy'uturemangingo cyangwa 'adafite'.
Ibi ntabwo bimeze nk'ibizamini byo gupima byabanje. Bavuze gusa niba ingaruka zari 'ziri hejuru' cyangwa 'ziri hasi'. Ariko ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya Karyotype si ugukeka, ahubwo ni ukwemeza.
Umaze kubona ibisubizo, muganga wawe azabiganiraho nawe birambuye kandi agusobanurire intambwe ugomba gutera nyuma.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Ikizamini cya karyotype ni ikizamini cyihariye cya genetiki gisuzuma ibitagenda neza muri chromosomes mu turemangingo twacu.
- Iyo ibizamini bya mbere mu gihe cyo gutwita bigaragaza ko hari ibyago, iki kizamini gikorwa kugira ngo hemezwe neza niba hari indwara nka Down syndrome.
- Uburyo nka CVS na Amniocentesis, bukusanya uturemangingo kuri iyi ntego, bufite ibyago bike cyane byo gukuramo inda, bityo bukorwa gusa mu bihe bikomeye.
- Ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya karyotype si ugutekereza nk' "ingaruka nyinshi/zito", ahubwo ni igisubizo gihamye kivuga ngo "hari ikibazo/nta kibazo".
- Ugomba kubaza muganga wawe ibisobanuro ku kintu cyose ufite mu mutwe kuri iki kizamini, ingaruka zacyo, n'ibisubizo byacyo.
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