Twese twumva tubabaye kandi twihebye mu gihe runaka mu buzima bwacu. Ni ibisanzwe cyane. Ariko se byagenda bite iyo iki mibabaro kidashira, kikakubera umutwaro ukomeye mu mutwe umunsi ku wundi, kikagushyira mu mimerere aho utabasha no gukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi neza? Iyo si agahinda gasanzwe. Ni indwara ikomeye nk'uko tuyita mu buvuzi. Iyi ndwara twita Major Depression Disorder (MDD) . Iyi ndwara ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwawe bwose, imibanire yawe, ibyo ukunda gukora, cyane cyane akazi kawe.
Hari igihe iyi ndwara yo kwiheba ishobora kuba ikomeye cyane ku buryo ushobora kutazongera gukora akazi kawe neza cyangwa gukorana umwete n'ubuhanga nkuko wabikoraga mbere. Mu bihe nk'ibi, ni ngombwa cyane kumenya iyi ndwara n'uburyo bwo kuruhuka uhari.
Iyi ndwara y'agahinda ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Muri make, kwiheba ni indwara isanzwe y’ubuzima n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe igira ingaruka ku byiyumvo byawe, ku byiyumvo byawe, no ku myitwarire yawe. Bigutera kumva ubabaye cyane cyangwa utitaye ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.
Nk’uko bivugwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS), abantu bakuru bagera kuri 5% ku isi barwaye indwara yo kwiheba. Bityo rero ushobora kwiyumvisha uburyo iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara.
Dukurikije igitabo cy’ubuvuzi n’imibare cy’indwara zo mu mutwe (DSM-5), igitabo gikoreshwa n’abaganga hirya no hino ku isi, kugira ngo umuntu amenye indwara yo kwiheba gukomeye, agomba kuba afite byibuze ibyumweru bibiri by’agahinda gahoraho, kubura ubushake mu bikorwa bya buri munsi, hamwe n’ibimenyetso byinshi bikurikira:
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara yo kwiheba?
Ibimenyetso by'indwara yo kwiheba bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Uburemere bw'ibimenyetso nabwo buratandukanye. Reka turebe ibimenyetso by'ingenzi bigaragara.
| Ibimenyetso | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Igihu cy'ubwonko | Kugorwa no gutekereza, kwibanda ku bintu, gufata ibyemezo. Kumva umeze nk'aho uri mu bwonko bw'igihu. |
| Impinduka mu kurya | Kubura ubushake bwo kurya cyangwa kurya cyane. |
| Guhora numva mfite agahinda | Guhora ubabaye cyangwa ubabaye, haba hari impamvu cyangwa nta mpamvu. |
| Kumva nta gaciro ufite kuri wewe ubwawe | Guhora utekereza ko umuntu ntacyo amaze kandi ko amakosa ye ahora ari ayawe bwite. Kwicuza ibintu byabayeho mu bihe byashize. |
| Uburakari budafite impamvu | Kurakara vuba, gucika intege, no gutukana no ku tuntu duto cyane. |
| Umunaniro w'umubiri | Kumva nta cyo nshoboye gukora, guhora ndushye. |
| Ibibazo byo gusinzira | Kubura ibitotsi cyangwa gusinzira cyane. |
| Kugabanya ingendo n'imvugo | Kugabanya ingendo z'umubiri n'umuvuduko wo kuvuga. |
| Impinduka z'ibiro | Kongera ibiro cyangwa kugabanya nta yindi mpamvu. |
| Ibitekerezo byo kurangiza ubuzima bwawe | Ibitekerezo ku rupfu cyangwa kwiyahura (iki ni ikimenyetso gikomeye cyane) |
Icy'ingenzi ni uko ibi bimenyetso bishobora guterwa n'izindi ndwara (urugero: ibibazo bya tiroyide). Kubwibyo, niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, ugomba kujya kwa muganga.Ni ingenzi cyane kumenya impamvu nyayo.
Ni iki gitera kwiheba?
Biragoye kumenya impamvu imwe itera kwiheba. Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka.
- Ubumenyi bw'ubwonko: Ubwonko bwacu bukeneye imiti imwe n'imwe (neurotransmitters) mu rugero rukwiye kugira ngo bukore neza. Iyo iyi miti idakora neza, indwara zo mu mutwe nko kwiheba zishobora kubaho.
- Genetics: Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite ikibazo cyo kwiheba, nawe ushobora kuba uri mu kaga gakomeye gato.
- Ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije: Kuba ahantu hakunze kugaragara ihohoterwa, urugomo n’ubukene bishobora gutera kwiheba.
- Imiterere y'imico: Abantu bafite imico idahwitse kuri buri kintu cyose kandi bakarengerwa n'imihangayiko byoroshye baba bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara indwara yo kwiheba.
- Iyi ndwara ishobora kandi guterwa n'impinduka zikomeye mu buzima: gutandukana kw'abashakanye, urupfu rw'uwo bakundaga, cyangwa kubura akazi.
Hari uburyo bwo kuvura?
Yego rwose! Ihungabana ni indwara ishobora kuvurwa no gucungwa neza. Ubusanzwe kuvura bikubiyemo imiti, ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe, cyangwa byombi. Ariko, icyakora ku muntu umwe gishobora kudakora ku wundi. Kubwibyo, ugomba kuvugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo agufashe kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.
Ese kwiheba bifatwa nk'ubumuga?
Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bafite. Mu bihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, hari amategeko yihariye (Americans With Disabilities Act - ADA) yemera ko kwiheba ari ubumuga. Nubwo nta tegeko rifite izina rimwe mu gihugu cyacu, bizwi ko kwiheba gukomeye ari indwara ikomeye igira ingaruka ku bikorwa bya buri munsi by'umuntu, cyane cyane akazi ke, kugeza aho atagishobora gukomeza .
Mu magambo make, niba ihungabana ryawe riri kukugiraho ingaruka ku buryo utabasha gukora imirimo y'ingenzi mu buzima (urugero: gukora, kwiga, cyangwa gukora imirimo yawe bwite), bifatwa nk'ubumuga.
Umuganga azasuzuma uburemere bw'indwara yawe akoresheje ibintu nk'ibi:
| Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bw'indwara | |
|---|---|
| Ubwa mbere, inyandiko z'ubuvuzi zigomba kwemeza ibimenyetso 5 cyangwa birenga: | |
| - Ihungabana - Gutakaza ubushake muri byose - Gushaka kurya no guhindura ibiro - Ibibazo byo gusinzira - Kudatuza cyangwa gutinda ku mubiri | - Ingufu nke - Ibyiyumvo byo kwicira urubanza - Kugorwa no kwibanda ku bintu - Ibitekerezo byo gupfa cyangwa kwiyahura |
| Icya kabiri, ni gute iyo mico yagize ingaruka ku mikorere yawe? | |
Hagomba kubaho imbogamizi zikabije cyangwa imbogamizi zigaragara muri bumwe cyangwa bubiri muri ubu bushobozi bukurikira:
| |
Niba ufite ikibazo cyo gukora bitewe n'indwara yo kwiheba, ushobora kubona raporo y'ubuvuzi ivuye kwa muganga wawe ukayiganiraho n'umukoresha wawe. Binyuze muri ibyo, ushobora kubona ikiruhuko cy'ubuvuzi ukeneye cyangwa ihumure ku kazi.
Ni izihe nyungu ziboneka ku kazi?
Ahantu ho gukorera hashobora gutanga uburyo bukwiye bwo gufasha umukozi ufite ikibazo cyo mu mutwe, nko kwiheba, gukora imirimo ye neza. Ushobora kandi kuvugana n'ishami rishinzwe abakozi (HR) ry'ikigo cyawe cyangwa umuyobozi wacyo kuri ibi. Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe:
- Gahunda ihindagurika: Guhindura amasaha y'akazi, gukora igice cy'amasaha.
- Gukorera mu rugo: Kwemerera abantu gukorera mu rugo igihe cyose bishoboka.
- Igihe cyo kuruhuka: Bigufasha kuruhuka uko bikenewe, udashingiye ku ngengabihe runaka.
- Igabanywa ry'akazi: Aho gutanga akazi kanini icyarimwe, kagabanyemo ibice bito.
- Gabanya ibintu bikurangaza bitari ngombwa: Bifasha kugabanya ibintu bikurangaza (urugero: gutanga umwanya utuje, gukoresha ecouteur zigabanya urusaku).
- Ikiruhuko cy'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe: Reka ikiruhuko cy'uburwayi gikoreshwe mu bibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.
Wibuke ko gusaba ubufasha atari ikimenyetso cy'intege nke. Ni intambwe ikomeye utera kugira ngo wite ku buzima bwawe.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Kwiheba si agahinda gusa, ni indwara nyayo isaba kuvurwa.
- Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'ihungabana, ntugakomereke wenyine, ahubwo gana muganga wizeye. Iyo uhawe ubuvuzi bukwiye, iyi ndwara ishobora kugenzurwa neza.
- Iyo ihungabana rikomeye, rishobora gufatwa nk'ikibazo cy'ubumuga kikubuza gukomeza akazi kawe.
- Niba ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe bugira ingaruka ku kazi kawe, ntugatinye kuvuga ku macumbi n'ibikoresho biboneka aho ukorera, ubifashijwemo na muganga wawe.
- Nturi wenyine. Kubona ubufasha ni ikimenyetso cy'imbaraga.
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