Ese dushobora kurwara inyamaswa dukunda? Reka tuvuge ku ndwara ziterwa n'inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa zoonotic!

Ese ufite imbwa nziza, injangwe, cyangwa inyoni mu rugo? Wenda ukora mu isambu ukamarana iminsi n'amatungo nk'inka, ihene n'inkoko. Mu by'ukuri, inyamaswa ni igice cy'ubuzima bwacu cya hafi cyane. Ariko se wari uzi ko rimwe na rimwe izi nyamaswa zikundwa zishobora kutwanduza indwara zitandukanye? Ibyo ni byo tugiye kuvugaho muri iyi nkuru uyu munsi. Ibi ni byo twita `(Indwara za Zoonotic)` cyangwa indwara zikomoka ku nyamaswa.

Izi ndwara zo mu bwoko bwa zoonotic ni izihe?

Mu magambo make, "Indwara za Zoonotic" ni indwara zandura zishobora gukwirakwira hagati y'inyamaswa (cyane cyane inyamaswa zifite urutirigongo - inyamaswa zifite umugongo, nk'inka, intama, imbeba, imbwa, injangwe, uducurama, inyoni) n'abantu. Kubera ko izi nyamaswa zifite imikorere isa n'iyacu, zimwe mu ndwara zishobora guhinduka zikamera muri zombi.

Tekereza nawe, hari indwara zimwe na zimwe z’inyamaswa zishobora kwanduzwa gusa n’inyamaswa zijya ku bantu, ariko ntizijya ku muntu umwe zijya ku wundi. Izindi ndwara, nka Ebola, zishobora kwanduzwa n’inyamaswa zijya ku bantu, hanyuma zigakwirakwira no ku bantu, bigatera ibyorezo. Hari izindi ndwara, nka VIH na COVID-19, zitangira kuva ku nyamaswa zijya ku bantu, hanyuma zigahinduka zigakwirakwira no ku bantu gusa. Iyo ibyo bibaye, tureka kuzita indwara zo mu bwoko bwa zoonotic, ariko ubundi bwoko bw’izo ndwara bushobora kubaho mu nyamaswa.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'izi ndwara z'amatungo bishobora kuba?

Mu by’ukuri, ibimenyetso biratandukanye bitewe n’indwara. Ariko, bimwe mu bimenyetso bisanzwe birimo:

• Umuriro.
• Kumva ufite umunaniro ukabije.
• Umutwe.
• Ububabare bw'umubiri.
• Ibisebe cyangwa uduheri ku ruhu.
• Impiswi.
• Kuruka.

Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso, cyane cyane niba uri umuntu ukorana n'inyamaswa, ni byiza gushaka inama kwa muganga.

Kuki turwara izi ndwara z'amatungo? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Indwara zo mu bwoko bwa zoonotic zishobora guterwa n'udukoko dutandukanye. Impamvu nyamukuru ni izi:

• Bagiteri: Izi ni ibinyabuzima bito, bifite akaremangingo kamwe. Akenshi zikora uburozi, ari nabyo bidutera kurwara.
• Udukoko: Izi zishobora kuba inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa parasites, cyangwa zishobora kuba ibinyabuzima bifite akaremangingo kamwe nka protozoa.
• Virusi: Utu ni utuntu duto cyane dufite amakuru yerekeye imiterere y'uturemangingo. Dukoresha uturemangingo twacu kugira ngo twikoremo kopi.
• Ibihumyo: Ibi bihumyo bitera indwara nka eczema.
• Prions:Iri rishobora kuba ijambo rishya kuri wewe. Iri ni ubwoko bwihariye bwa poroteyine bushobora kwangiza ubwonko.

Udukoko twinshi tuba mu bwoko bumwe bw'ibinyabuzima - abantu, inyamaswa zimwe na zimwe, ibimera, cyangwa izindi mikorobe. Ariko udukoko dutera "indwara zo mu bwoko bwa zoonotic" dushobora kwanduza abantu n'izindi nyamaswa zo mu bwonko. Cyangwa, udukoko dushobora kuba twari mu bwoko runaka bw'inyamaswa, ariko uko igihe cyagiye gihita, impinduka zatumye "zisimbuka" zikagera ku bantu.

Inyinshi muri izi ndwara z’amatungo ziterwa na bagiteri, udukoko, cyangwa virusi.

Indwara za Bagiteri zo mu bwoko bwa Zoonone

Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe:

• `(Anthrax)` (Anthrax)
• `(Brucellosis)` (Brucellosis)
• `(Indwara yo gushwanyagurika kw'injangwe)`
• `(Indwara ya Lyme)` (Indwara ya Lyme)
• `(Mycoplasma pneumoniae)`
• `(Icyorezo)` (Icyorezo)
• `(Psittacosis)` (Umuriro w'ibishyimbo)
• `(Umuriro wa Q)` (Umuriro wa Q)
• `(Salmonella)` (Salmonella - ushobora kuba warumvise ibi kenshi, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n'ibiribwa)
• `(Tularemia)`
• `(Igituntu)` (Igituntu - Iki gishobora no kwanduzwa n'inyamaswa)

Indwara z'inyamaswa ziterwa n'udukoko (Parasitic Zoonoses)

Ingero z'ibi:

• `(Cryptosporidiosis)`
• Echinococcosis (urugero ni indwara ya hydatid)
• `(Giardiasis)`
• `(Indwara y'umwijima)` (Inyo z'umwijima)
• `(Malariya)` (Malariya - yanduzwa n'imibu, ariko ifite inkomoko mu nyamaswa)
• `(Taeniasis)` (indwara y'inzoka zo mu nda yandurira mu ngurube, inyama z'inka, n'ibindi)
• `(Toxoplasmose)` (Ibi akenshi bishobora kwandurira mu mwanda w'injangwe, ababyeyi batwite bagomba kwitonda cyane)
• `(Trichinosis)`

Indwara zo mu bwoko bwa Virusi

Ingero z'ibi:

• `(Ibicurane by'inyoni)` (ibicurane by'inyoni)
• `(Ebola)` (Ebola)
• `(Virusi ya Nipah)` (Virusi ya Nipah - Byavuzwe ko iyi virusi yakwirakwiriye mu gace kacu)
• `(Indwara ya virusi ya Marburg)`
• `(Mpox)` (yahoze yitwa monkeypox)
• `(Ibisazi)` (Ibisazi - Iyi ni indwara yica twese twagombye kumenya)

Byongeye kandi, indwara nka ringworm , ziterwa n'ibihumyo , n'indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD) , ziterwa na prions (zitwa kandi "indwara y'inka y'abasazi"), zishobora kwanduzwa inyamaswa zikagera ku bantu.

Twandura dute izi ndwara z'amatungo?

Hari uburyo butandukanye dushobora kwanduramo izi ndwara. Ubwo buryo ni ubu:

• Mu gukora ku matembabuzi yo mu mubiri (amaraso, inkari, amabyi, amacandwe, nibindi) by'amatungo yanduye. Tekereza gusukura itungo ryawe igihe rirwaye, cyangwa kuvura igikomere ku itungo ryo mu rugo.
• Mu kurumwa cyangwa gukubitwa n'inyamaswa zanduye. Niba kurumwa cyangwa gukubitwa n'inyamaswa nk'imbwa, injangwe, cyangwa inguge, ugomba kwitonda.
• Mu kuruma udukoko nk'udukoko, imibu n'udusimba. Utwo dukoko dushobora kuruma inyamaswa yanduye hanyuma tukadutera iyi ndwara.
• Mu kurya inyama zidatetse neza.
• Mu kunywa amazi yanduye (cyangwa kurya ibiryo byogejwe muri ayo mazi).

Icy'ingenzi: Hari igihe dushobora guhura n'ibi bintu tutabizi. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane guhora dusukuye kandi tugakurikiza amategeko yizewe.

Ni ubwoko ki bw'inyamaswa zandura izi ndwara?

Mu by’ukuri, hafi ya buri nyamaswa ishobora kwanduza izi ndwara z’inyamaswa. Urugero:

• Uducurama
• Inyoni
• Injangwe
• Impongo
• Imbwa
• Amatungo yo mu bworozi (nk'inka, ingurube, intama)
• Inyamaswa zitari abantu, nk'inguge n'inkende
• Inyamaswa nto nk'imbeba, inkwavu, n'udusimba (Imbeba)

Hari inyamaswa nyinshi nk'izi zidukikije, sibyo? Bityo rero ni byiza ko twitonda.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara izi ndwara z'amatungo?

Hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara izi ndwara. Abo ni:

• Abantu bakorana n'amatungo nk'akazi cyangwa nk'imyidagaduro (urugero: abaganga b'amatungo, abakozi bo mu mirima, abashinzwe ubworozi bw'inyamaswa).
• Abantu bahiga, bategura, cyangwa barya inyama z'inyamaswa zo mu gasozi.
• Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye (urugero: abanduye agakoko gatera SIDA, abarwayi ba kanseri, abahabwa izindi ngingo).

Niba uguye muri iki cyiciro, ni byiza gufata ingamba z'inyongera.

Ni gute abaganga basuzuma izi ndwara z'amatungo?

Ubusanzwe abaganga basuzuma izi ndwara basuzuma ingero z'imitsi cyangwa amazi y'umubiri wawe. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ingero y'amaraso `(Amaraso)`
• Icyitegererezo cy'inka `(Inka)`
• Ingero y'amata (ibisebe biva mu bihaha)
• Igitambaro cy'urumogi (icyitegererezo cy'urumogi rwakuwe mu mazuru cyangwa mu muhogo)

Bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe, muganga wawe ashobora kandi gukenera gukora ibizamini byo gufata amashusho, nko gupima X-ray mu gituza cyangwa gupima CT.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura izi ndwara z'amatungo?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'ubwoko bw'indwara ufite. Nta miti yihariye ikoreshwa kuri buri ndwara y'inyamaswa. Ariko, hari uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura:

• Antibiyotike: Indwara nyinshi za bagiteri zishobora gukira, cyane cyane iyo zibonetse hakiri kare.
• Imiti irwanya virusi: Iyi miti itangwa ku ndwara zimwe na zimwe za virusi.
• Imiti irwanya fungal: Amavuta cyangwa ibinini bitangwa ku ndwara z’ibihumyo nka eczema.
• Imiti irwanya udukoko: Iyi ishobora kuvura indwara nyinshi zandurira mu mitsi.
• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwa monoclonal:Ibi bikoreshwa ku ndwara zimwe na zimwe zigoye kuvura, nka Ebola.
• Kubagwa: Hari udukoko dutera udukoko mu mubiri tugomba gukurwaho mu buryo bwo kubagwa.
• Gukingirwa no gukingira indwara z’umura: Tekereza, niba inyamaswa iguteye cyangwa ikagukubita, abaganga ntibategereza ko ibimenyetso bitangira kugaragara. Bazahita baguha urukingo rw’indwara z’umurabe, kandi bagutere ikintu cyitwa rabies y’umuntu (HRIG) mu gisebe kugira ngo wirinde kwandura.

Ese izi ndwara z'inyamaswa zishobora kwica?

Yego, zimwe mu ndwara z’amatungo zishobora kuba mbi cyane kandi zikanashyira ubuzima mu kaga. Indwara zo kuva amaraso ziterwa na virusi, nka Ebola na Marburg, zigira igipimo cyo hejuru cy’impfu. Indwara ya Rabies hafi ya zose ihitana iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye. Ariko, indwara nyinshi z’inyamaswa ziravurwa kandi ntizikunze kwica. Rero ntugatinye, ni ngombwa kubimenya.

Ni gute twakwirinda izi ndwara z'amatungo?

Hari ibintu byinshi twakora kugira ngo twirinde izi ndwara:

• Gukingirwa: Hariho inkingo z'indwara zimwe na zimwe nka `(Mpox)`, `(Rabies)`, `(Ebola)`. Niba uri mu itsinda ry'abantu bashobora kwandura, kubona izi nkingo bizagufasha kwirinda. Ariko, nta nkingo z'indwara zose z'amatungo zihari.
• Irinde kurumwa n'udukoko: Ambara amashati n'ipantaro by'amaboko maremare, kandi ukoreshe umuti wica imibu urimo DEET. Isuzume wowe n'amatungo yawe niba nta mibu irimo nyuma yo kuba hanze. Baza veterineri wawe kugira ngo urinde amatungo yawe imibu n'udusimba.
• Ambara uturindantoki mu gihe ukoze ku nyamaswa (zizima cyangwa zapfuye): Ntukigere ukora ku nyamaswa yo mu gasozi n'intoki zawe. Nubwo wambara uturindantoki, karaba intoki zawe neza n'isabune n'amazi nyuma yo gukora ku nyamaswa.
• Kurikiza amabwiriza yo kwirinda ibiryo: Teka inyama neza. Buri gihe karaba intoki, ahantu habigenewe, n'ibikoresho neza nyuma yo gutegura ibiryo. Irinde kunywa cyangwa gukoresha amazi yavuwe mu gutegura ibiryo. Irinde kunywa amata atapimwe cyangwa kurya ibiryo biva muri ayo mata.
• Irinde gukora ku mazi yanduye: Mu gihe Ebola ikomeye, koresha ibikoresho byo kwirinda (nk'agapfukamunwa, indorerwamo z'amaso, ipantaro, uturindantoki) mu gihe wita ku muntu wanduye. Irinde gukora ku mazi yanduye, kandi karaba intoki zawe neza niba ubikozeho, kabone n'iyo waba wambaye uturindantoki. Irinde gukora ku kintu cyose cyahuye n'amazi yanduye.
• Irinde kurya inyama zo mu gasozi.
• Gerageza kwirinda kurumwa cyangwa gukubitwa n'inyamaswa. Niba kurumwa cyangwa gukubitwa n'inyamaswa (cyane cyane udusimba, imbwa, injangwe) zishobora kuba zirwaye indwara y'ibisazi, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga vuba.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ukorana n'amatungo cyangwa ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z'amatungo, vugana na muganga wawe. Ashobora kugufasha kugabanya ibyago byawe no kukubwira ibimenyetso ugomba kwitondera.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihutirwa (ETU) ?

Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso bikomeye, jya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bwihuse:

• Umuriro mwinshi cyane (uri hejuru ya 103 Fahrenheit/40 Selisiyusi).
• Kuruka cyane cyangwa impiswi.
• Urujijo cyangwa izindi mpinduka zo mu mutwe.
• Kuva amaraso ku buryo budasanzwe.
• Kuribwa umutwe cyane.
• Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa mu nda.

Amaherezo, ibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Rero, urabona ko uko twakunda inyamaswa kose, tugomba kwitonda gato kuko zishobora kutwanduza indwara. Indwara nyinshi twavuze muri iyi nkuru zishobora gukira iyo zisuzumwe kandi zigavurwa mu gihe gikwiye.

Igikuru ni ukumenya uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara nk'izo, gukurikiza isuku nziza, kandi niba ubonye ibimenyetso bikekwaho, ntugapfushe ubusa ahubwo ushake inama z'abaganga ako kanya.

Dukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza bw'amatungo yacu dukunda, kandi natwe tugire ubuzima bwiza!

Indwara z'inyamaswa, Indwara za Zoonotic, Indwara zandurira mu nyamaswa, Kwandura, Ubuzima, Umutekano, Ibimenyetso