Ese wigeze ubona ko nyoko, so, cyangwa umuntu ukunda ugeze mu za bukuru yibagirwa ibintu? Hari igihe kwibagirwa amazina, aderesi, cyangwa no kwibuka aho indorerwamo zawe ziri ni ibisanzwe uko ugenda ukura. Ariko niba ukwibagirwa kwiyongera buhoro buhoro kandi ntubashe gukora imirimo ya buri munsi wenyine, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya Alzheimer. Noneho ikibazo gikomeye kiza mu mutwe wacu ni iki, 'Kuki isi iteye imbere itarabona umuti w'iyi ndwara?' Reka tubiganireho byimbitse uyu munsi.
Ni gute iyi ndwara yavumbuwe bwa mbere?
Iyi nkuru itangira mu myaka irenga 100 ishize, mu 1901. Umuganga w’Umudage witwaga Alois Alzheimer yasuzumye ubwonko bw’umugore wari warapfuye azize indwara yo kwibagirwa. Yabonye ikintu kidasanzwe cyane. Hagati y’uturemangingo tw’ubwonko, ubwoko bwa poroteyine bwari bwarafashe kandi bugafatana, nk’udupira. Nyuma yaho byitwaga "plaques." Yanabonye ko ubundi bwoko bwa poroteyine bwari bwarafashena kandi bugafatana nk’imigozi iri mu turemangingo tw’ubwonko. Ubwo bwoko bwitwaga "tangles".
Uko igihe cyagiye gihita, abahanga mu bya siyansi bavumbuye ko ibisebe bimeze nk'inkovu byakozwe muri poroteyine yitwa beta-amyloid . Bavumbuye kandi ko ibyo bisebe bimeze nk'umugozi byakozwe muri poroteyine yindi yitwa tau . Amaherezo, iyo ndwara yitwa "indwara ya Alzheimer" mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro umuganga wayivumbuye.
Inkuru ikomeye y'"Amyloid Hypothesis"
Rero, mu myaka ya 1990, igitekerezo kinini cyari cyaravutse mu bashakashatsi. Ni ukuvuga ko impamvu nyamukuru y'iyi ndwara yari udukoko twa beta-amyloid twirundanyije mu bwonko. Iki gitekerezo cyiswe "Amyloid Hypothesis." Muri make, batekerezaga ko utu dukoko twa amyloid ari two twatumaga uturemangingo tw'ubwonko dupfa kandi kwibuka kukananirwa.
Rero, mu myaka 30 ishize , ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku ndwara ya Alzheimer ndetse n'imbaraga nyinshi zo gushaka umuti byashingiye kuri iyi mitekerereze ya amyloid.
Ariko se ibi byagize icyo bigeraho? Oya rwose. Imiti amagana yageragejwe gukuraho iyi mikorobe ya amyloid, ariko nta n'imwe yagize icyo ihindura ku buzima bw'abarwayi. Imiti igabanya ingano ya amyloid mu bwonko ntiyabujije umurwayi kwibuka cyangwa ngo izamure ubuzima bwe bwa buri munsi. Ndetse n'umuti uherutse kwemezwa witwa 'lecanemab' wagabanyije gato ihungabana ry'indwara, ariko si umuti.
Ese twafashe inzira imwe?
Kubera ibyo bisubizo bitaragerwaho, abashakashatsi benshi ubu baribaza bati: "Ese turimo kujya mu cyerekezo kibi?" Mu by'ukuri, siyansi si ikintu gishobora kugira impinduka nini icyarimwe. Ni nk'ubwato bunini, ntibushobora guhindurirwa icyarimwe. Abashakashatsi biga ingingo imwe imyaka myinshi, hanyuma bagakora ubushakashatsi bwinshi kuri iyo ngingo. Hanyuma, itsinda rinini ry'abantu n'ubumenyi bubakiwe ku gitekerezo kimwe. Iyo ugiye gukorana n'igitekerezo gishya, uburyo n'uburambe bifatika ntibiba bihari. Rero, ku bijyanye na Alzheimer, ubu bwato bunini bwari bugana mu cyerekezo cya "amiloide." Kubwibyo, nta kwitabwaho cyane kwitabwaho ku zindi mpamvu, nko kubyimba, indwara zitandukanye, cyangwa indwara ziterwa n'umubiri.
Ariko, iyi nkuru ya amyloid ntabwo ari ikosa rwose. Ahari ikibazo kiri mu muti. Cyangwa, igihe umuti utangirwa gishobora kuba atari cyo. Ahari iyi miti igomba gutangira imyaka myinshi mbere yuko ibimenyetso bigaragara.
Hari ikindi kibazo. Kugeza mu myaka icumi ishize, nta buryo bwariho bwo kwemeza 100% indwara ya Alzheimer mu gihe umuntu yari akiri muzima, keretse gusuzuma ubwonko bwe nyuma y'urupfu rwe. Rero, bamwe mu bantu bitabiriye ubushakashatsi bwa kera ntibari bafite indwara ya Alzheimer. Rero amakuru yavuye muri ubwo bushakashatsi yari atari yo, si byo se?
Ariko ubu ibintu biratandukanye. Hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rishya, cyane cyane PET scans n'ibizamini by'amazi yo mu bwonko, birashoboka kumenya niba hari poroteyine za amyloid na tau mu bwonko bw'umuntu muzima.
'Guhuza abantu mu buryo bw'imodoka' mu bwonko n'ubushakashatsi bushya
Ubu, aho gutekereza gukuraho izo plaque gusa, abashakashatsi batangiye kureba impamvu nyamukuru y'ikibazo, bibaza bati "Kuki izi plaque zigira ingaruka?" Ni nk'aho udashobora gukemura ikibazo utazi neza aho kiri. Noneho, hari inyigisho nshya nyinshi kuri ibi. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.
| Icyerekezo Gishya cy'Ubushakashatsi | Mu magambo yoroshye... |
|---|---|
| Ikibazo cy'urwego rwa selile | 'Guhungabanywa kw'imodoka' biba mu buryo butuma poroteyine zinjira mu turemangingo tw'ubwonko. Ibi bituma poroteyine za amyloid na tau ziyongera. Abashakashatsi barimo gushaka uburyo bwo gukuraho 'guhungabanywa'. |
| Indwara z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri | Dukurikije iyi nyigisho, amyloid ni kimwe mu bigize ubudahangarwa bw'ubwonko. Ariko, bitewe n'ikosa runaka, iyi sisitemu iracika intege ikarwanya uturemangingo tw'ubwonko tuzima aho kurwanya indwara. |
| Indwara n'ububyimbirwe | Hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko kubyimba mu bwonko guterwa n’indwara zimwe na zimwe za virusi, nka herpes, bishobora kuba intandaro y’indwara ya Alzheimer. |
| Indwara ya Metaboliki | Hari abantu babyita "diyabete yo mu bwonko" cyangwa "Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 3." Muri ibi, uturemangingo tw'ubwonko ntitwitabira insuline neza (insuline idakira neza), bigatera ububyimbirwe n'ibindi byangirika. |
None se nta kintu twakora? Reka tuvuge ku bijyanye no kwirinda.
Iyo wumvise ibi byose, ushobora gutekereza uti 'Oh, nta cyo wakora kuri ibyo.' Ariko ntubitekerezeho. Inkuru nziza ni uko indwara ya Alzheimer ifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo ikure, hagati y'imyaka 20 na 30. Ibyo bivuze ko dufite igihe kinini cyo guhagarika cyangwa kugabanya iterambere ry'iyi ndwara.
Nubwo hari ingaruka ku miterere y'umubiri, hari ibintu byinshi bishobora guhinduka bishobora kugira ingaruka ku iterambere rya Alzheimer. Ibi ni ibi bikurikira:
- Umubyibuho ukabije
- Diyabete
- Indwara z'umutima n'imitsi
- Kolesteroli nyinshi
- Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso
- Gutakaza ubushishozi
- Kwiheba no kwigunga
Ibyo bivuze ko kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso, cholesterol, n'isukari , kugira ibiro byiza, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri no kurya indyo yuzuye ari byo bintu byiza ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya Alzheimer. Hari igihe, no gukoresha icyuma gifasha kumva mu kibazo cyo kumva bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye.
Akamaro gakomeye k'ibi bintu ni uko bitagira ingaruka mbi nyinshi, bihendutse, kandi bikaba byiza ku buzima bwacu muri rusange. Ni gute guhindura imibereho yacu ari ingenzi kuruta gukoresha ibihumbi amagana by'amadolari ku mwaka ku muti mushya?
Mu gihe kizaza, uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya Alzheimer, kimwe no kuvura kanseri, bushobora kuba bukubiyemo uburyo butandukanye n'imiti, "cocktail", aho kuba umuti umwe. Ariko, icyizere gikomeye mu kurwanya iyi ndwara ni uko abahanga mu bya siyansi bashidikanya ku myizerere yabo ya kera no gushaka inzira nshya.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Indwara ya Alzheimer ni indwara igoye cyane. Ntabwo igarukira gusa ku kwirundanya kwa amyloid plaques mu bwonko.
- Kubwibyo, ntabwo bizashoboka gukiza iyi ndwara hakoreshejwe "ikinini cy'ubumaji" mu gihe cya vuba.
- Abashakashatsi ubu barimo kwibanda ku bintu bitandukanye nko ku bibazo by’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri, indwara zandura, n’indwara z’imikorere y’umubiri.
- Ikintu cy'ingenzi: Ushobora kugabanya ibyago byawe. Ni ngombwa kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe, diyabete, cholesterol, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri no kurya indyo yuzuye.
- Niba ufite impungenge cyangwa ubwoba ku kwibuka kwawe cyangwa kwibuka uwo ukunda, ntugatinde kubibwira muganga wawe . Uko ubivuga vuba, ni ko birushaho kuba byiza.
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