Chii chinonzi ELISA? Ngatidzidzei nezvebvunzo iyi yekurabhoritari nemashoko akareruka!

Ungave wakanzwa izwi rekuti 'ELISA' kubva kuna chiremba kana mushumo wekurabhoritari , handiti? Kana kuti pamwe izwi idzva. Saka, chii chinonzi ELISA, chinotsvagei, uye chinoshanda sei? Ngatitaurei nezvazvo nhasi, sekunge uri kutaura neshamwari. Ipapo unogona kunzwisisa zviri nani izvi.

Chii chinonzi ELISA? Zviri nyore kwazvo!

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ELISA inzira yakakosha inoshandiswa mumarabhoritari. Inoshanda semuongorori. Inotsvaga zvimwe zvinhu mumiviri yedu, zvakaita semasoja emuviri, maantigen , mapuroteni, nemahormone , uye inoyera kuti tine zvakawanda sei.

Fungidzira, bvunzo iyi inoitwa nekutora sampuli yeropa rako, plasma, weti, mate, kana cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Mashoko ekuti 'ELISA' anomiririra 'enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay'. Dzimwe nguva inonzi bvunzo yeEIA.

Vaongorori vanoti iyi ELISA ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuongorora immunoassays . Kureva kuti, inzira yakavimbika uye yakarurama. Kuongororwa uchishandisa iyi nzira yeELISA kunogona kubatsira kuona zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana , kubva kuhutachiona hwemabhakitiriya nemavhairasi (semuenzaniso, chirwere cheLyme, HIV) kusvika kuzvirwere zvine chekuita nemahormone zvakaita sechirwere chethyroid .

Waizviziva here kuti kunyangwe bvunzo dzepamuviri dziri kumba dzinobva panzira iyi yeELISA? Dzinotsvaga kuvapo kwehomoni inonzi human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) , inozivikanwawo se'homoni yepamuviri'.

Saka, chii chinonzi immunoassays idzi?

Zvakanaka, ngatitarisei kuti chii chinonzi immunoassays. Iyi miedzo inotsamira pakubatana kuripo pakati pemaantigen nema antibodies mumamiriro ezvinhu emurabhoritari (ndiko kuti, murabhoritari, kwete mumuviri wako).

Kuti unzwisise izvi, zvakakosha kutanga wanzwisisa mashandiro anoita ma antibodies nema antigen mumuviri wako. Ma antibodies zvinhu zvinoumba immune system yako. Anosunga kune zvinhu zvisina kunaka kumuviri wako uye anobatsira kuti uzvibvise. Akafanana nemauto ekudzivirira enyika yedu. Ma antibodiesAntigen chero rudzi rwechiratidzo chinogona kuzivikanwa nema antibodies. Ma antigen aya anowanzo kuve mapuroteni kana shuga inowanikwa pamusoro pemasero kana mavhairasi.

Maantigens anowanikwa pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana , zvinosanganisira:

• Utachiona
• Mabhakitiriya
• Zvirwere zvinokanganisa muviri - semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvinokonzera chirwere muzvikafu, zvinhu zvinokonzera chirwere mumhepo
• Zvipembenene
• Mapuroteni
• Masero egomarara
• Masero akajairika mumuviri wako

Saka, mukuongorora ma immunoasses, masayendisiti ari murabhoritari anoshandisa maantigen kana ma antibodies avainawo kuti vaongorore kuvapo kweimwe antigen kana antibody mumuenzaniso wemvura (semuenzaniso, sampuli yeropa ) yakatorwa kubva kwauri. Wanzwisisa here?

Miedzo yakasiyana-siyana inoshandisa nzira yeELISA inogona kuona kuvapo kwemaantigen chaiwo uye ma antibodies.

Nzira yeELISA inoshandiswa sei?

Miedzo yakawanda yekurapa inoitwa uchishandisa nzira yeELISA. Asi chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti mushumo wako wekurabhoritari hauzotauri nezve 'ELISA test'. Chikonzero ndechekuti ELISA ingori nzira inoshandiswa murabhoritari, uye kune miedzo isingaverengeki inogona kuitwa uchishandisa nzira iyoyo. Kungofanana nenzira inoshandiswa kugadzira chikafu, unogona kugadzirira marudzi akasiyana echikafu uchishandisa nzira iyoyo.

Imwe nzira inowanzo shandiswa yeELISA ndeyekuona nekuyera masoja emuviri. Semuenzaniso:

• Masoja ekudzivirira hutachiona hwemabhakitiriya, hwemavhairasi, kana hwemafungus: Mienzaniso yehutachiona hwemabhakitiriya inosanganisira chirwere cheLyme, brucellosis, uye syphilis. Mienzaniso yehutachiona hwemavhairasi inosanganisira HIV nehepatitis A, B, uye C. Muenzaniso wehutachiona hwemafungus ihutachiona hweyeast (candida).
• MaAutoantibodies: Aya ma antibodies anoshandiswa nemasoja emuviri wako kuparadza masero ako. Zvirwere zvakawanda zve autoimmune zvinokonzerwa nema autoantibodies aya. Muenzaniso wechirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, nekuda kwechikonzero chisingazivikanwe, muviri wako unotuma ma autoantibodies anoparadza masero anogadzira insulin mupancreas yako.

Mamwe mashandisirwo akajairika enzira yeELISA ndeaya:

• Kuzivikanwa uye kuongororwa kwemazinga emahormone:Mienzaniso inosanganisira human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), uye testosterone.
• Kutarisa kubuda kwezvirwere munharaunda: Semuenzaniso, kana paine kubuda kwe chlamydia kana furuwenza (tinoidaidza kuti 'furuwenza').
• Kuongororwa kweropa rakapihwa kuti rione kana paine zvinhu zvinotapukira: semuenzaniso, HIV.
• Kuona kushandiswa kwemishonga isiri yekurapa: Semuenzaniso, kutarisa kana uine amphetamines kana cocaine mumuviri wako. Iyi ingori bvunzo dzekuongorora.
• Kuziva nekuongorora huwandu hwezviratidzo zvegomarara: Izvi zvinhu zviri mumuviri wako zvinopa ruzivo nezvegomarara. Muenzaniso ndewe prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test yegomarara regomarara regomarara.
• Kuziva kurwara neguruva uye chikafu.
• Kuongorora kana wakabaiwa majekiseni ekudzivirira zvimwe zvirwere: semuenzaniso, mumps nerubella.

Nzira iyi yeELISA inoshanda sei? Inoshamisa!

Zvakanaka, ngatitarisei mashandiro anoita bvunzo iyi yeELISA. Pane misiyano midiki zvichienderana nekuti iri kutsvaga ma antibodies here kana ma antigen . Ngatiedzei kunzwisisa izvi nekutora muenzaniso wekutsvaga ma antibodies. Miedzo yakawanda yeELISA inongoerekana yaitwa - kureva kuti, basa rakawanda rinoitwa nemichina. Asi kuti tinzwisise nzira iyi, ngatifungei nezvebvunzo yatinoita nemaoko.

Fungidzira kuti uri kuongororwa HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) uchishandisa nzira yeELISA, uye watopa sampuro yeropa. Kutanga, musayendisiti wemurabhoritari yezvekurapa kana nyanzvi inoisa chidimbu chehutachiona hweHIV (ichi ndicho chinoshanda seantigen) pachubhu yekuyedza kana purasitiki.

Zvadaro, musayendisiti anowedzera ropa rako muchubhu yekuyedza kana kuti plate. Kana ropa rako riine ma antibodies eHIV, anozobatana neantigen iyoyo (muchiitiko ichi, hutachiona hweHIV). Kana ropa rako risina ma antibodies eHIV, hapana chichaitika.

Tevere, musayendisiti anowedzera imwe antibody, iyi antibody yechipiri 'inoona' ma antibodies eHIV. Kureva kuti, iyi antibody yechipiri inobatanidza chero antibody yeHIV yakambobatana neantigen. Iyi antibody yechipiri inobatanidzwa ne enzyme (chinhu chinokurumidza kuita makemikari). Apa ndipo panobva chikamu cheELISA chinonzi 'enzyme-linked'.

Muchikamu chekupedzisira, musayendisiti anowedzera chinhu chinopindirana ne enzyme.Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana ma antibodies aripo, chinhu ichi chinochinja ruvara. Nemamwe mashoko, kana bvunzo ikati positive, pachava nekuchinja kweruvara. Kana usina ma antibodies anorwisa antigen iyoyo (muchiitiko ichi, hutachiona hweHIV), hapana kuchinja kweruvara. Izvozvo zvinoratidzwa semhedzisiro isina kunaka.

Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti simba rekuchinja kweruvara, kureva kuti, kuti ruvara rwacho rwakasimba sei, rinoenderana nehuwandu hweantibody. Saka nzira yeELISA inogona kuona kana antibody iripo uye kuti yakawanda sei. Hazvishamisi here?

Ndeipi mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kweELISA?

Mhedzisiro yebvunzo yeELISA inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezviri kuongororwa uye rabhoritari yakaita bvunzo. Miedzo yakawanda yeELISA inopa mhedzisiro yakanaka kana yakaipa, asi dzimwe nguva mhedzisiro yacho inogona kunge isiriyo:

• Mhedzisiro yakanaka: Mhedzisiro yakanaka zvinoreva kuti bvunzo yakaona zvaitsvaga (semuenzaniso, antibody, hormone).
• Mhedzisiro isina kunaka: Mhedzisiro isina kunaka zvinoreva kuti bvunzo haina kuona chero chinhu chaitsvakwa.
• Mhedzisiro isiriyo: Mhedzisiro isiriyo inoreva kuti pane chakakanganisika nebvunzo. Izvi zvinogona kuva dambudziko nekutorwa kwemuenzaniso, kutakurwa, kana kuyedzwa. Kana izvi zvikaitika, uchafanirwa kunyora bvunzo zvakare.

Zvisinei, chiremba wako achakutsanangurira zvinoreva zvawakawana.

Ndinofanira kunetseka here kana mhinduro dzangu dzisiri dzemazuva ese?

Kungoti mhinduro dzako dzebvunzo hadzina kunaka hazvirevi kuti une chirwere. Dzimwe nguva, zvikanganiso pakuunganidzwa kwesampuro, kutakurwa, kana kugadziriswa kwebvunzo zvinogona kukonzera mhedzisiro isiriyo.

Chimwe chakashata chenzira yeELISA mukana wekuti pave nemigumisiro yenhema-yakanaka uye yenhema-isina kunaka.

• Mhedzisiro yenhema: Izvi zvinoreva kuti mhedzisiro yebvunzo inoratidza kuvapo kwechinhu chiri kutaurwa nezvacho, kunyangwe chisipo zvechokwadi.
• Mhedzisiro yenhema-isina kunaka: Izvi zvinoreva mhedzisiro yebvunzo inoratidza zvisirizvo kuti chinhu chiri kutaurwa nezvacho hachipo, kunyangwe chiripo zvechokwadi.

Vanachiremba vanowanzoita mimwe miedzo yekusimbisa chirwere. Miedzo yeELISA inonyanya kushandiswa seyekuongorora chirwere.

Kana ukawana mhedzisiro isingawanzoitika, chiremba wako achataura newe nezvazvo. Pamwe chete, muchasarudza zvekuita zvinotevera.

Yeuka, zvisinei nekuti une chikonzero chipi chekuongororwa kweELISA, hachisi chiratidzo chekupedzisira chechirwere.Mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kweELISA isina kujairika hazvirevi kuti une chirwere chakakomba. Kana ukawana mhinduro isina kujairika, chiremba wako achafunga nezvezvinhu zvakati wandei uye angangoda kuti bvunzo dziwedzere. Usatya kubvunza mibvunzo.

Saka, chii chatinofanira kurangarira kubva munyaya iyi?

Zvakanaka, saka ndinovimba wava nepfungwa yakanaka nezve ELISA yatakataura nezvayo. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore:

• ELISA inzira yakakosha yekuongorora murabhoritari.
• Izvi zvinotibvumira kuona zvinhu zvakawanda mumuviri wedu, zvakaita semasoja ekudzivirira chirwere, maantigen , uye mahormone .
• Nzira iyi inobatsira kuona zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sepamuviri, hutachiona, huwandu hwemahormone, uye allergies.
• Mhedzisiro yebvunzo yeELISA inogona kuva yakanaka, isina kunaka, kana kuti isiriyo .
• Chinonyanya kukosha: Mhedzisiro yeELISA haisi iyo yekupedzisira kuongororwa. Kana ukawana mhedzisiro isina kujairika, usavhunduke, taura nachiremba wako, uye ongororwazve kana zvichidikanwa.

Kana muine mibvunzo, musatya kubvunza chiremba wenyu. Ndiye munhu akakodzera kukubatsirai. Rambai muine hutano hwakanaka!

ELISA , kuongororwa kweropa, ma antibodies, maantigen, kuongororwa, bvunzo dzemurabhoritari