Iwewo unogona kunge wakamboudzwa kumba kuti, "Maziso aya akafanana neaamai vangu," "Vhudzi rangu rakafanana nerababa vangu," kana kuti "Hasha idzi dzakafanana nedzasekuru vangu." Kutaura zvazviri, tinowana zvinhu zvakawanda kubva kuvabereki vedu, zvakaita sechitarisiko chedu, kureba, ruvara rweganda, uye magadzirirwo ebvudzi. Tinoti izvi nhaka. Asi waizviziva here kuti zvimwe zvirwere nemamiriro ehutano zvinogonawo kugarwa nhaka kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe? Nhasi, ngatitaurei nezve kuti nhaka iyi yemajini chii uye kuti zvirwere zvinopfuudzwa sei kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe.
Kutanga, ngatinzwisise nyaya iyi yenhaka yemajini.
Kuti tinzwisise izvi, tinofanira kutaura nezvezvimwe zvezvinhu zvinokosha pamusoro pemiviri yedu. Funga nezvemiviri yedu seraibhurari hombe.
- Machromosome: Mabhuku ari muraibhurari iyi anonzi machromosome. Kune mabhuku makumi mana nematanhatu musero rega rega remunhu. Pamabhuku aya, makumi maviri nematatu akagarwa nhaka kubva kuna amai uye mamwe makumi maviri nematatu kubva kuna baba.
- Majini: Majini ndiwo mabikirwo akanyorwa mumabhuku iwayo. Rimwe resipi rinokuudza kuti uchava neruvara rwebvudzi rakadii, rimwe rinokuudza kuti uchava neruvara rwemaziso rwakadii, rimwe rinokuudza kuti uchava neurefu hwakadii... Kune zviuru zvemabikirwo akadai.
- DNA: Mabhii anonyora mabikirwo anonzi DNA. Mabhii aya anonzi DNA anosangana kuti aumbe majini, uye majini anosangana kuti aumbe machromosome.
Saka, sezvo uchiwana machromosome makumi maviri nematatu kubva kuna amai vako nababa vako, unowana makopi maviri ejini rega rega. Rimwe kubva kuna amai vako, rimwe kubva kuna baba vako. Majini aya anosarudza zvese zviri mumuviri wako.
Zvino, izwi rekuti 'Autosomal' rinorevei? Pamachromosomes makumi mana nematanhatu ari mumuviri wedu, maviri anosarudza kuti tiri varume here kana kuti kwete. Anonzi machromosomes ebonde (X naY). Machromosomes makumi mana nemana asara (22 pairs) anoverengwa. Autosomal zvinoreva kuti jini rakati riri pane rimwe remachromosomes aya makumi maviri nembiri.
Nzira mbiri huru dzinogarwa nhaka dzezvirwere (Autosomal Dominant & Recessive)
Jini rakachinjwa rinokonzera chirwere rinopfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe nenzira mbiri huru. Ngatitarisei nzira mbiri idzi kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa.
| Hunhu | Kugara nhaka yeAutosomal Dominant (nhaka inotonga) | Autosomal Recessive |
|---|---|---|
| Majini anodiwa pachirwere | Jini rimwe chete rakasiyana nemubereki mumwe chete rakakwana. | Majini ese akasiyana kubva kuvabereki vese anodiwa. |
| Chinzvimbo chemubereki | Kazhinji, mumwe mubereki ane chirwere ichi (anoratidza zviratidzo). | Vabereki vese vanogona kunge vasina zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi . Havana chirwere ichi, asi vane jini rinokonzera chirwere ichi. |
| Mikana yekuti mwana agare nhaka | Mwana wega wega ane mukana we50% (mumwe chete pavaviri) . | Mwana wega wega ane mukana we25% (mumwe chete pavana) . |
Autosomal Dominant: Jini rimwe chete, simba rakawanda!
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, Dominant zvinoreva 'kutonga' kana 'kusimba'. Munzira iyi, jini rakachinjwa rinokonzera chirwere rakasimba zvikuru. Saka, kunyangwe mwana akagara nhaka jini kubva kumubereki mumwe chete, zvakakwana kuti mwana awane chirwere ichi.
Funga nezvazvo nenzira iyi: jini rine hutano rakafanana nebhaketi rependi chena. Jini guru rinokonzera chirwere rakafanana nebhaketi rependi tsvuku. Zvino, kana ukasanganisa pendi iyi chena netsvuku pamwe chete, uchawana ruvara rwepingi zvechokwadi. Unogona kuona mhedzisiro yeruvara rutsvuku. Ndizvo zvazviri neizvi.
Saka, kana mumwe munhu mumhuri aine chirwere cheAutosomal Dominant, chinoonekwa zvakajeka kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe. Kana amai kana baba vaine chirwere ichi, mwana wega wega ane njodzi ye50%.
Mienzaniso yezvirwere zvinogarwa nhaka nenzira inotonga autosomal:
- Chirwere cheHuntington: Chirwere umo masero etsinga muuropi anofa zvishoma nezvishoma.
- Marfan syndrome: Chirwere chinokanganisa nhengo dzemuviri dzinobatana, zvichikonzera muviri murefu uye mutete, uye makumbo neminwe mirefu.
- Achondroplasia: Chikonzero chikuru chehudiki.
Autosomal Recessive: Inoda majini maviri, inogona kuvanzwa!
Kudzoreredza zvinoreva 'kunyarara' kana 'chisimbiso'. Panyaya iyi, jini rakachinjwa rinokonzera chirwere harina simba rakawanda. Kuti rive nemigumisiro, jini rinofanira kugara nhaka kubva kuna amai nababa. Kana majini ese akabatanidzwa chete ndipo mwana paanozowana chirwere ichi.
Fungidzira, vabereki vese vane hutano hwakanaka. Asi vese vanogona kunge vari "vatakuri" vejini iri rakachinja. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vane jini rine hutano uye jini rinokonzera chirwere. Asi nekuti jini rine hutano ndiro rinotonga, havaratidzi zviratidzo. Zvakafanana nekuisa donhwe rependi yebhuruu mubhaketi rependi chena. Ruvara haruzochinji zvakanyanya.
Asi kana vabereki vaviri vanopa mwana seizvi vaine mwana, hezvino zvinogona kuitika:
- Pane mukana we25% wekuti mwana achawana majini ane hutano kubva kuna amai nababa uye ave neutano hwakanaka.
- Pane mukana we50% wekuti mwana achava nechirwere ichi, sevabereki.
- Pane mukana we25% wekuti mwana achagara nhaka majini anokonzera chirwere ichi kubva kuna amai nababa uye obva awana chirwere ichi.
Saka, kunyangwe pasina munhu mumhuri ane chirwere ichi, mwana anogona kungoerekana abatwa nechirwere. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti vabereki ndivo vanotakura chirwere ichi vasingazive.
Mienzaniso yezvirwere zvinogarwa nhaka nenzira ye autosomal recessive:
- Cystic fibrosis: Chirwere chinokanganisa mapapu nedumbu nekuda kwekukora kwematehwe (mvura yakaita sematehwe) mumuviri.
- Chirwere cheSickle cell: Kushaya simba kweropa kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwechimiro chemasero matsvuku eropa.
- Chirwere cheTay-Sachs: Chirwere chinouraya chinoparadza masero etsinga muuropi nemumusana.
Kuchinja-chinja kwemasero kunoitika sei mumajini?
Dzimwe nguva, kana masero edu akapatsanuka, zvikanganiso zvidiki zvinoitika pakukopa DNA. Zvakafanana netsamba inofamba-famba pakukopa bhuku. Tinodaidza kuti majini ekuchinja. Izvi hazvisi zvakaipa nguva dzose, uye zvimwe zvacho hazvina zvazvinoita zvachose. Asi mamwe majini anogona kuchinja mashandiro anoita jini uye kukonzera zvirwere.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehurema:
- Kutsiva: Kutsiva bhii rimwe muDNA code nerimwe.
- Kuisa: Kuwedzerwa kwebhii rekuwedzera kune kodhi yeDNA.
- Kubviswa kwetsamba: Kubviswa kwetsamba kubva muDNA code.
Kunyangwe shanduko diki iyi inogona kuchinja zvachose mashandiro epuroteni inogadzirwa nejini uye kukonzera chirwere.
Unofanira kuitei kana usina chokwadi nezveizvi?
Kana mumwe munhu mumhuri yenyu aine chirwere chemajini, kana kuti muri vaviri vari kuronga kuva nemwana uye muchinzwa munjodzi, chinhu chakanakisa chamungaita kutaura nachiremba wenyu nezvazvo.
Mazuva ano, kune mabasa akadai sekuongororwa kwemajini uye kupa mazano ezvemajini.
- Kuongororwa kwemajini:Izvi zvinogona kuona chero shanduko mumajini ako, machromosome, kana mapuroteni. Miedzo iyi inobatsira kuona kana uine jini rakachinja rinokonzera chirwere, kana kuti uri mutakuri wechirwere.
- Mazano ezvemajini: Nyanzvi yezvemajini inogona kukubatsira kunzwisisa mhinduro dzebvunzo idzi, kutaura nezvenjodzi kumhuri yako, uye kuronga remangwana.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti usatye kuita sarudzo wega, asi kuti utsvage mazano kubva kuna chiremba ane hunyanzvi kana nyanzvi. Ivo vachakupa gwara rakakodzera.
Tinogona here kuchengetedza hutano hweDNA yedu?
Kunyange zvazvo tisingakwanise kushandura majini atinogarwa nhaka kubva kuvabereki vedu, pane zvinhu zvakati wandei zvatinogona kuita kuderedza kukuvara kweDNA yedu muhupenyu hwedu hwese uye kuchengetedza hutano hwayo.
- Idya chikafu chakakwana. Zvekudya zvinovaka muviri zvinobatsira kuchengetedza masero edu ari muhutano hwakanaka.
- Maekisesaizi nguva dzose. Maekisesaizi anovandudza hutano hwemuviri wese.
- Usasvuta zvachose. Makemikari ari mufodya anogona kukanganisa DNA zvakananga.
- Deredza kunwa doro zvakanyanya. Kunwa doro zvakanyanya kunokuvadzawo masero.
- Tsvagai kuongororwa nachiremba uye mazano panguva yakakodzera. Zvakakosha zvikuru kuona chero dambudziko risati rasvika.
Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuchengetedza hutano hwedu hwese hwakanaka.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Kufanana nechitarisiko chedu, tinogarawo nhaka zvimwe zvirwere kubva kuvabereki vedu kuburikidza nemajini.
- Muchimiro che autosomal dominant , jini rimwe chete rakachinjwa kubva kumubereki mumwe chete rakakwana kukonzera chirwere ichi. Mwana ane mukana we50% wekugara nhaka chirwere ichi.
- Muchimiro che autosomal recessive , chirwere ichi chinoda nhaka yegene rakachinjwa kubva kuvabereki vese. Vabereki vanogona kunge vari kutakura chirwere ichi vasingaratidze zviratidzo. Mikana yekuti mwana agare nhaka chirwere ichi i25%.
- Kana uine chero chinhu chinokunetsa nezvenhoroondo yemhuri yako yezvirwere zvemajini kana njodzi yekuzvipfuudza kumwana, chinhu chakanakisa chekuita kusatya wotaura nachiremba wako .
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