Unowanzo nzwa sekuti mwana wako ane misikanzwa, haagone kugara pasi, uye haateereri zvaunotaura here? Panguva dzakadaro, ungatya kuti 'mwana uyu haatombozivi kuti ane ADHD'. Asi tichifunga kuti mafungiro akawanda asina kururama ari kupararira munharaunda nezvechirwere ichi chinonzi ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), zvakaoma zvikuru kuziva kuti chii chiri chokwadi uye chii chiri chenhema. Saka, nhasi tichataura nezvemamwe mafungiro makuru asina kururama nezve ADHD iyi, kuitira kuti uzive zvizere.
Pfungwa 1 isiriyo: ADHD inovandudzika yoga sezvo vana vachikura
Izvi ndizvo zvinofungwa nevanhu vazhinji. Mwana paanokura, uye kushaya simba uye kusakwanisa kugara panzvimbo imwe chete zvichidzikira, ungafunga kuti, 'Aa, chirwere chave nani ikozvino.' Asi handizvo chokwadi.
Ongororo yakawana kuti vana vazhinji vane ADHD vanoramba vaine matambudziko nezviratidzo zvavo kusvika vakura. Zvisinei, hunhu hwezviratidzo hunogona kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva. Vanogona kudzidza kudzora zviratidzo zvavo kana kuzvivanza kubva kune vamwe.
Izvi ndizvo zviratidzo zveADHD zvinogona kuonekwa muhudiki nekukura:
- Kusagadzikana
- Kukanganwa zvinhu uye kusakwanisa kuronga zvinhu (Kusarongeka)
- Kuomerwa nekugadzirisa nguva
- Matambudziko muhukama hwevanhu nehwemunhu
- Matambudziko kubasa
Saka, usatarisira kuti zvichava nani sezvo mwana wako achikura. ADHD inogona kugadziriswa kana akura. Taura nachiremba wako nezvemishonga, maitiro ekurapa , uye shanduko dzemararamiro.
Pfungwa isiriyo yechipiri: ADHD haisi chirwere chaicho, ingori kukuvara kwakanyanya.
Pamwe wakambonzwa nyaya dzakadai sedzinoti, "Hachisi chirwere, ndizvo zvakaita vana," "Munhu wese haanyatsotarisiri zvakanaka mazuva ano." Vamwe vanhu havadi kugamuchira kuti ichi chirwere chaicho nekuti hachionekwe nekuongororwa kweropa kana kuskenwa kweuropi.
Asi panyaya dzezvekurapa, ADHD chirwere chaicho. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinoita kuti chiitike:
- Zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwezuva nezuva: Kana chirwere ichi chikakanganisa kugona kwemwana kuita basa rechikoro, kushamwaridzana neshamwari, uye kugarisana zvakanaka nevemhuri, zvinoonekwa se 'dambudziko' kana chirwere mune zvesainzi yezvekurapa .
- Zvinogara nhaka: Chikonzero chikuru cheADHD majini.Kana mubereki kana munin'ina ane ADHD, mwana anogonawo kuibatawo.
- Kuchinja kwehuropi: Kunyange hazvo kuongororwa kwehuropi kusingakwanise kuona ADHD, masayendisiti akawana kuti chimiro nemashandiro ehuropi hwemunhu ane ADHD zvinoratidza musiyano wakasiyana kana zvichienzaniswa nehuropi hwemunhuwo zvake. Ndosaka ichinzi chirwere chepfungwa .
Pfungwa Isina Kujeka 3: Vana vese vane ADHD vane shungu dzakanyanya.
Patinofunga nezveADHD, tinowanzo funga nezvemwana asingagone kugara pasi, anogara achimhanya-mhanya uye achitamba-tamba. Asi chaizvoizvo kune mhando nhatu dzeADHD. Rudzi rwemwana wako runoenderana nezviratidzo zvinonyanya kumubata.
| Rudzi rweADHD | Zvinhu zvikuru |
|---|---|
| Vanonyanya Kusateerera | Vana ava vanoomerwa nekugara vakatarisa, kupedzisa mabasa, uye kutevedzera mirairo. Zvisinei, vanogona kunge vasina hunhu hwakaipa kunze. |
| Rudzi rweHyperactive-Pulsive | Anogara achimhanya-mhanya, asingakwanise kugara panzvimbo imwe chete. Anopinda vamwe vachitaura. Anoita zvinhu kamwe kamwe asingafungi (asina kufunga). |
| Mhando yakasanganiswa (Yakasanganiswa) | Mhando dzose dzeADHD dzine hunhu hwakafanana: kusateerera, kusashanda zvakanyanya, uye kusada kuita zvinhu nekukurumidza. |
Pfungwa Isina Kunaka 4: Vana vane ADHD vanogona kuzvibata zvakanaka kana vachida.
Iyi inyaya inotishungurudza zvikuru sevabereki. Kana mwana akaita chimwe chinhu chisina kunaka, tinomubvunza kuti, "Unogona kuva munhu akanaka kana uchida, nei uri kuita izvi?" Asi kumwana ane ADHD, ichi hachisi chinhu chinosarudzwa nekuedza.
Nekuda kwekushanda kunoita pfungwa dzevana vane ADHD, vanowanzoita zvinhu vasina kufunga (impulse-control) vasati vafunga zvakanaka. Ichi chinhu chavaomerwa nekuchidzora. Saka, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti ichi hachisi kushaya simba kwemwana, asi chikamu chechirwere.
Pfungwa Isina Kujeka 5: ADHD inongobata vakomana chete
Ichokwadi kuti vakomana vanoonekwa vaine ADHD kaviri pane vasikana. Asi izvi hazvisi zvekuti ADHD inobata vakomana chete. Mabatirwo ainoita chirwere ichi akasiyana, saka kazhinji hachionekwi uye hachionekwi.
Hunhu hwevakomana hunogona kuoneka zvakanyanya uye hunonetsa, asi hunhu hwevasikana hunowanzova hwemukati.
| Zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa muvakomana | Zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa muvasikana |
|---|---|
|
Pfungwa Isina Kujeka 6: Mishonga ndiyo chete mushonga weADHD.
Mishonga inzira inoshanda zvikuru yekurapa zviratidzo zveADHD. Izvozvo ndezvechokwadi. Asi chiremba wako anowanzo kurudzira musanganiswa wemishonga nemaitiro ekurapa.
Kunyanya kuvana vari pasi pemakore matanhatu, mapurogiramu ekudzidzisa vabereki anokurudzirwa vasati vatanga kushandisa mishonga. Izvi zvinodzidzisa vabereki maitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro emwana wavo.
Mamwe mafungiro asiri iwo...
Vana vane ADHD havana njere.
Inhema chaiyo. Hapana hukama huripo pakati pepfungwa dzemwana (IQ) neADHD. Maitiro evana vane ADHD ekudzidza nekufunga angasiyana. Asi kana vakawana rutsigiro nezvishandiso zvavanoda, vanogona kudzidzawo. Kutaura zvazviri, kumwe kutsvagurudza kunoratidza kuti vanhu vane ADHDZvinonzi kune kugona kwakakosha kwekufunga kunze kwebhokisi uye kuuya nepfungwa itsva (kufunga kwakasiyana-siyana).
ADHD inokonzerwa nekukanganisa kwevabereki
Vabereki vazhinji vanofunga kuti, "Ndini here ndini ndine mhosva?" Asi ngative pachena: ADHD haikonzerwi nemhosva yemubereki kana kusarera zvakanaka. Zvisinei, kugara uchitsiurwa uye uchirangwa zvinogona kuita kuti maitiro emwana awedzere kuipa. Nokudaro, kuva mubereki anotsigira uye ane tariro kunogona kubatsira mwana wako kugadzirisa dambudziko rake.
Kana uine zvinokunetsa nezvazvo, taura nenyanzvi yezvepfungwa .
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, kana muine kusava nechokwadi nezvemaitiro emwana wenyu kana kutariswa kwake, ndapota bvunzai chiremba (chiremba) uye tsvagai mazano, pane kuvimba nezvinotaurwa nevamwe. Nenzira iyi, munogona kuwana ruzivo rwakarurama uye gwara.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- ADHD haisi mhedzisiro yekusazvibata kwemwana, usimbe, kana kukanganisa kwevabereki. Idambudziko rehutano chairo rine chekuita neuropi.
- ADHD inokanganisa vakomana nevasikana, asi zviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana kumapoka ese ari maviri.
- Dambudziko iri harikanganisi njere dzemwana zvachose. Rinogona kungochinja mafungiro nekudzidza kwaanoita.
- Kurapwa hakusi kwemishonga chete. Kurapa maitiro, dzidzo yevabereki, uye shanduko dzemararamiro zvese zvakakosha.
- Kana muine kusava nechokwadi nezvemaitiro emwana wenyu, musatenda makuhwa ari kupararira munharaunda, asi kurumidzai kutsvaga mazano kubva kuna chiremba ane hunyanzvi.
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