Pamwe wakambonzwa nezvematambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa. Semuenzaniso, mazwi akadai sekuora mwoyo, kuzvidya mwoyo, uye OCD ave chikamu chehurukuro dzedu. Asi wakambozvibvunza here kuti chiremba angaziva sei kana munhu aine chirwere? Haugone kungofungidzira, handiti? Ndosaka paine bhuku rekushandisa rinoshandiswa nenyanzvi dzepfungwa nenyanzvi dzehutano hwepfungwa pasi rese. Nhasi, tichataura nezvebhuku rekushandisa iri, DSM-5.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi DSM-5?
DSM inomirira Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . MuchiSinhala, zvinoreva 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'. Iri ndiro bhuku guru rekutsvaga hutano hwepfungwa nemamiriro ehuropi akabudiswa neAmerican Psychiatric Association (APA).
Zita racho rinopera ne "5" nekuti iyi ndiyo edition yechishanu. DSM-5 yakatanga kuburitswa muna 2013. Zvadaro, muna Kurume 2022, sangano rakaburitsa bhuku rakagadziriswazve, iro rakagadziriswazve nemamwe mashoko acho. Rinonzi DSM-5-TR™. TR pano inomirira 'Text Revision' kana 'Text Revision'.
Zvisinei, hechino chimwe chinhu chekurangarira: DSM-5 neDSM-5-TR mabhuku ekurapa akagadzirirwa nyanzvi nenyanzvi. Zviri mumabhuku aya zvine hunyanzvi. Hazvina kukodzera kuti munhuwo zvake averenge bhuku iri ofunga kuti ane chirwere kana kuti aongorore mumwe munhu. Kuverenga bhuku iri hakufanirwe kuonekwa sekutsiva kubvunza chiremba akadzidziswa uye ane hunyanzvi.
Ndeipi nzira chaiyo yekushandisa DSM-5?
Fungidzira kuti une fivha. Chinhu chekutanga chinoitwa nachiremba ndechekuona kana iri dengue, dzihwa, kana chimwe chirwere. Iye achaita bvunzo dzeropa uye anonyatsoteerera zviratidzo zvako. Saizvozvowo, kana paine dambudziko repfungwa, danho rekutanga rekurapa nderekuona kuti chirwere chacho ndecherudzii.
Bhuku reDSM-5 rakagadzirirwa kubatsira nebasa iroro.
- Inopa tsananguro dzakajeka uye dzakadzama dzechirwere chepfungwa chimwe nechimwe.
- Zviratidzo uye hunhu hwechirwere chimwe nechimwe zvinotsanangurwa nemienzaniso.
- Uyewo, bhuku iri rinopatsanura zvirwere muzvikamu, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti vanachiremba vagone kusiyanisa zvirwere zviviri zvine zviratidzo zvakafanana.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, izvi zvakafanana nemepu yenzira yachiremba. Zvinobatsira kuenderana nezvinodiwa mubhuku rino nezviratidzo zvinotsanangurwa nemurwere, uye kusvika pakuongorora kwakarurama.
Ndiani akanyora bhuku rakakosha kudaro? Sei?
Izvi hazvina kuitwa neusiku humwe chete. Sangano reAmerican Psychiatric Association (APA) rakaunganidza nyanzvi dzehutano hwepfungwa dzinopfuura 160 kubva kumativi ose enyika kuti dzigadzire DSM-5. Pakati pavo paiva nenyanzvi dzepfungwa, nyanzvi dzepfungwa, uye nyanzvi muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Pamusoro pezvo, mazana evamwe nyanzvi vakabatsira sevanopa mazano. Ruzivo rwuri mubhuku rino haruna kungounganidzwa chete; rwakasimbiswa kuburikidza nemiedzo yakasiyana-siyana uye tsvakurudzo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iri ibhuku rakavimbika uye rakavakirwa pasainzi.
Chii chiri muDSM-5?
Kunyangwe DSM-5 ichinyanya kutarisana nematambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa, inotaurawo nezvenyaya dzine chekuita nekushanda kwehuropi, sezvo hutano hwedu hwepfungwa nekushanda kwehuropi zvisingagone kuparadzaniswa. Bhuku rino rakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu.
1. Chikamu Chekutanga: DSM-5 Basics: Chikamu chino chinopa gwara rekuti vanachiremba vanofanira kushandisa sei bhuku iri mubasa ravo. Chinopawo gwara rekuti bhuku iri ringashandiswa sei pakubata nenyaya dzehutano hwepfungwa, dzakadai senyaya dzemutemo nenyaya dzedare.
2. Chikamu Chechipiri: Zvinodiwa Pakuongorora Nemakodhi: Ichi ndicho chikamu chikuru uye chakakosha mubhuku. Chitsauko chimwe nechimwe chinotaura nezvechikamu chechirwere chakati. Mukati mezvitsauko izvozvo, mamiriro ezvirwere akakodzera anotsanangurwa zvakajeka uye zvinodiwa kuti zvizivikanwe zvinopihwa. Tichazviongorora zvakadzama gare gare.
3. Chikamu Chechitatu: Matanho neMienzaniso Zviri Kubuda: Chikamu chino chinokurukura maturusi chaiwo ekuongorora anobatsira vanachiremba kuongorora mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Chinokurukurawo kuti kusiyana kwetsika kunogona kukanganisa sei kuongororwa, uye chinokurukura mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuwedzerwa mubhuku rino mune ramangwana kuti awedzere kudzidza.
Zvimwe zvezvikamu zvikuru zvezvirwere zvinotaurwa mubhuku reDSM-5
Iye zvino ngatitarisei mapoka makuru ezvirwere mubhuku rino. Ungave wakambonzwa mazita aya kare. Irondedzero refu, asi inokupa pfungwa yezvirwere zvepfungwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvataurwa mubhuku rino.
| Chikamu cheDzinetso | Mienzaniso inowira pasi peizvozvo |
|---|---|
| Matambudziko eNeurodevelopment | Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Matambudziko Ekudzidza |
| Schizophrenia Spectrum uye Mamwe Matambudziko Epfungwa | Schizophrenia, Dambudziko reKufunganya |
| Matambudziko eBipolar uye Akabatana Nawo | Matambudziko eBipolar I neII |
| Matambudziko ekuora mwoyo | Dambudziko Guru reKushungurudzika, Dambudziko Rinogara Richishungurudzika |
| Matambudziko Ekuzvidya Mwoyo | Dambudziko reKuzvidya Mwoyo Rakajairika, Dambudziko reKuzvidya Mwoyo Munzanga, Phobias |
| Matambudziko Ekufunga Zvikuru Neanoda Kuzvibata Zvikuru Uye Akabatana Nawo | Dambudziko reObsessive-compulsive (OCD), Hoarding Disorder |
| Matambudziko Anokonzerwa Nekushungurudzika Uye Kushushikana | Dambudziko rekushushikana mushure mekutambudzika (PTSD), dambudziko rekugadzirisa |
| Matambudziko Ekudyisa uye Kudya | Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa |
| Matambudziko Ekurara Nekumuka | Dambudziko rekushaya hope, kushaya hope, chirwere chemakumbo asingadzoreki |
| Matambudziko Anokonzerwa Nezvinodhaka Uye Kupindwa Muropa | Dambudziko rekushandisa doro, zviratidzo zvine chekuita nekurega doro |
| Matambudziko epfungwa | Kuvhiringidzika kwepfungwa, Chirwere cheAlzheimer, Chirwere cheParkinson, Kukuvara kweUropi Hwakaoma |
| Matambudziko ehunhu | Dambudziko reMunhu Ane Borderline (BPD), Dambudziko reMunhu Ane Narcissistic |
Tinogonawo kutenga kana kuona bhuku iri here?
Ehe. DSM-5 inowanikwa kuti itengeke muzvitoro zvemabhuku nepaindaneti. Maraibhurari mazhinji everuzhinji anayowo (kunyange zvazvo mamwe angasakubvumidze kuitora muraibhurari, asi kuti uione panzvimbo yacho).
Asi, regai ndikuyeuchidzei zvakare, kunyange zvazvo bhuku iri richiwanikwa kune veruzhinji, musakanganwa kuti rakanangana nenyanzvi dzezvekurapa. Saka, mutauro wacho une hunyanzvi. Zvingave zvakaoma kuti munhuwo zvake anzwisise.
Funga nezvebhuku rinotaura nezvekubhururutsa ndege. Unogona kuriverenga, uye ringave rinonakidza. Asi kuverenga bhuku iroro hakukudzidzisi semutyairi wendege, handiti? Uye ndizvo zvinoitawo bhuku iri reDSM-5. Zvingave nengozi kuriverenga wobva wafunga kuti iwe kana vamwe vane zvirwere zvepfungwa.
Kana uine kakufungira kuti iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoda ane chirwere chakanyorwa mubhuku rino, chinhu chakanakisa chekuita ndechekuona chiremba ane hunyanzvi.Sezvaungatsvaga chiremba usina kuvhiyiwa wega, tsvaga mazano kubva kuna chiremba ane hunyanzvi akadzidziswa nezvenyaya dzehutano hwepfungwa.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- DSM-5 ndiyo gwaro guru, rinoshandiswa nevanoongorora pfungwa nevanoongorora hutano hwepfungwa pasi rose kuti vaongorore zvirwere zvepfungwa nemazvo.
- Izvi zvakagadzirwa nesainzi nerubatsiro rwemazana enyanzvi dzinobva kunyika dzakasiyana pasi rose.
- Bhuku rino rinopa tsananguro dzakajeka uye zvinodiwa pakuongorora chirwere chega chega, zvichibatsira zvikuru vanachiremba kuti vavaratidze kurapwa kwakakodzera.
- Chinonyanya kukosha: DSM-5 chishandiso chehunyanzvi chevashandi, kwete cheveruzhinji kuti vazviongorore. Kana uchifungidzira kuti iwe kana mumwe munhu ari pedyo newe ane dambudziko repfungwa, gara uchibvunza chiremba .
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