Wakamboona here mwana anonyatsogona kudzidza uye anogona kushanda ega, asi achizeza kubatana neshamwari nekutaura? Vamwe vabereki vanofunga kuti uku kunyara, asi dzimwe nguva panogona kunge paine chikonzero chekurapa cheizvi. Nhasi tichataura nezvechirwere ichi, chinowanzonzi "High-Functioning Autism", asi chaizvoizvo chine zvachinoreva zvakawanda.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi "High-Functional Autism"?
Chinhu chekutanga kutaura ndechekuti 'High-Functional Autism' haisi chirwere chepamutemo chekurapa. Izwi risiri repamutemo ratinoshandisa muhurukuro dzezuva nezuva. Rinowanzo shandiswa kutsanangura vanhu vanokwanisa kuita hunyanzvi hwekutanga muhupenyu hwakadai sekutaura, kunyora, kuverenga, kudya, kuzvipfekedza, uye kunyange kurarama vakazvimiririra.
Pakurapa, chirwere ichi chinonzi Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) . Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, autism chirwere chekukura chine chekuita nekukura kwehuropi. Izwi rekuti 'spectrum' rakakosha zvikuru pano. Funga nezvaro semuraraungu. Kufanana nemuraraungu une mavara akasiyana, kuoma kwezviratidzo muvanhu vane ASD kunosiyana zvikuru. Vamwe vanogona kunge vaine zviratidzo zvakakomba, nepo vamwe vangave nezviratidzo zvisina kusimba. Mazinga ehungwaru (IQ) anogonawo kusiyana zvakanyanya kubva pamunhu kuenda kumunhu.
Kare, makore ekuma1990 asati asvika, autism yaingoonekwa chete muvanhu vane zviratidzo zvakakomba. Asi gare gare, mhando dzisina kuoma dzechirwere ichi dzakazoonekwawo. Ungave wakambonzwa nezveAsperger 's Syndrome . Idambudzikowo risina kunyanya kuoma.
Asi muna 2013, American Psychiatric Association yakaisa zvirwere zvese izvi zvine chekuita neautism pasi peamburera imwe chete. Ndizvo zvatiri kutaura nezvazvo nhasi, autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Saka ikozvino unoziva, kunyangwe tichiti "High-Functioning Autism" uye "Asperger's," zvese zviri muchikamu chakakura chinonzi ASD .
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvemunhu ane ASD (High-Functional Autism)?
Kufanana nemunhu wese ari muASD spectrum, dambudziko guru kune avo vatinoti 'High-Functioning' hukama hwevanhu nekutaurirana.
- Kusasimba muhunyanzvi hwekushamwaridzana nevamwe: Vanoomerwa nekunzwisisa manzwiro evamwe vanhu, chitarisiko chechiso,, Zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvinorehwa nemashoko (maitiro evanhu). Saka, kuwana shamwari kunogona kuoma. Fungidzira uchienda kumabiko ekuzvarwa, vamwe vana vachitamba pamwe chete, mwana ane ASD anogona kumira ega padivi. Izvi hazvisi zvekuti haazvifariri, asi nekuti haakwanise kuziva kuti angagadzirisa sei mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro evanhu. Haanyanyi kutarisana mumaziso uye anotanga kutaura zvinhu zvidiki zvisina basa.
- Maitiro Ekudzokorora Uye Ekuzvidzora: Vanofarira zvikuru maitiro enguva dzose uye kurongeka. Havadi kuti zvichinje kana zvishoma. Semuenzaniso, vanofanira kutora nzira imwe chete kuenda kuchikoro zuva nezuva, vanofanira kuisa matoyi avo muhurongwa hwakaenzana. Vangave vaine tsika dzinodzokororwa. Semuenzaniso, vanoombera maoko avo, vanotamba vachidzokera shure.
- Kufarira Kwakakosha: Vangave vachinyanya kufarira nyaya yakati, yakadai semadinosaur, zvitima, kana mitambo yemavhidhiyo, uye vangangoda kutaura nezvazvo chete.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti zvisinei nekuti munhu ane ASD ane hunyanzvi hwakadii muzvidzidzo zvake, dambudziko ravanosangana naro vese nderekuti hunyanzvi hwekushamwaridzana husina kusimba.
Chiremba anoongorora sei chirwere ichi?
Hapana bvunzo dzekurapa dzakasimba, dzakadai sekuongororwa ropa, kuti uone ASD. Vanachiremba vanowanzo ongorora zviri pamutemo nekutarisa maitiro emwana nekukura kwake nekufamba kwenguva. Mwana anogona kuona zviratidzo zveASD achiri mumwedzi gumi nemisere. Pazera remakore maviri, nyanzvi inogona kuona zviratidzo zviri pamutemo. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva, kunyanya kune avo vane zviratidzo zvishoma, kuongororwa kunogona kuitwa gare gare, pamwe pakukura kana kuyaruka.
Maitiro ekuongorora mwana ane ASD ane zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru.
| Matanho ekuongorora chirwere | Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore... |
|---|---|
| 1. Kutarisa Kubudirira Kwebasa | Vabereki nachiremba vacharamba vachitarisa kukura kwemwana pamwe chete. Vachaongorora kana mwana ari kusvika padanho rekukura rakakodzera zera rake. Chiremba wako achaongorora izvi nekutaura nemwana wako uye kutamba naye. |
| 2. Kuongorora Kukura Kwevanhu | Izvi zvakadzama. Zvinonyanya kutarisisa kufamba kwemwana, kufunga kwake, maitiro ake, manzwiro ake, uye hunyanzvi hwake hwemutauro. Bvunzo idzi dzinowanzo kurudzirwa pazera remwedzi 9, 18, uye 30. |
| 3. Kuongorora Kukura Kwemwana | Kana bvunzo dzikaratidza matambudziko, chiremba achatumira mwana kuna nyanzvi. Ava vanogona kunge vari chiremba wepfungwa dzevana, nyanzvi yekutaura, kana chiremba wevana anokura. Vachaita bvunzo dzepamutemo uye vachaona kana mwana wacho aine ASD. |
Nzira yekuongorora zvirwere muvanhu vakuru
Kuziva ASD muvanhu vakuru kwakasiyana zvishoma. Chiremba achataura nezvehupenyu hwako hwazvino, hukama hwako nevanhu , maitiro ako ekudzokorora, zvaunofarira, nematambudziko aunosangana nawo. Vanogonawo kubvunza nezvehudiki hwako. Ungangodawo kubvunza mubereki kana mukoma kana hanzvadzi nezvazvo.
ASD uye hupenyu hwechikoro/hwebasa
Ongororo dzakawana kuti vechidiki vane ASD vanowanzo sarudza zvidzidzo zveSTEM (Sainzi, Tekinoroji, Uinjiniya, uye Masvomhu) kukoreji. Vana vane ASD vane njere dzakajairika vanowanzo kwanisawo kuita masvomhu kupfuura vamwe vana vane njere dzakafanana. Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti izvi zvinokonzerwa nehunyanzvi hwekuronga uye kugona kuziva maitiro ane vanhu vane ASD.
Asi pasinei nehunyanzvi uhu, kushaya mabasa pakati pevanhu vane ASD kwakanyanya. Muna 2021, 85% yevanhu vakuru vane ASD vakanga vasina mabasa.
Chikonzero chikuru cheizvi matambudziko avanosangana nawo panguva yekubvunzurudzwa kwebasa. Nekuti ASD inokanganisa hunyanzvi hwekushamwaridzana nevamwe , vanogona kushaya hunyanzvi hwekutaura hunodiwa panguva yekubvunzurudzwa. Kunyangwe vaine hunyanzvi hwese hunodiwa pabasa, mubvunzurudzi anogona kunge aine rusaruro pamusoro pavo.
Asi pasinei nematambudziko aya, vanhu vazhinji vane ASD vanoenderera mberi nekubudirira kukuru mumabasa avo. Temple Grandin muenzaniso wakanaka weizvi. Ane basa rakasiyana mukugadzira masisitimu ekudzora mhuka.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti, kana vanhu vane ASD vakatsigirwa zvakanaka, vanogona kuita mutsauko mukuru kunyika nematarenda avo akasiyana.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- "High-Functional Autism" harisi izwi repamutemo rezvekurapa. Izwi rechokwadi ndiAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) .
- Izvi zvinoreva kuti zviratidzo uye kuoma kwazvo zvinosiyana zvikuru kubva pamunhu kusvika pamunhu.
- Dambudziko guru ndere hunyanzvi hwekugarisana nevamwe uye kutaurirana. Dambudziko iri rinogona kuvapo zvisinei nekuti une hunyanzvi hwakadii hwepfungwa.
- Kana uine zvinokunetsa nezvemwana wako kana iwe pachako, usatore sarudzo dzako kubva pabvunzo dzepaindaneti kana zvinotaurwa nevamwe. Gara uchitsvaga mazano kubva kuna chiremba ane hunyanzvi.
- Nekuziva, rutsigiro, uye kunzwisisa kwakakodzera, munhu wese ane ASD anogona kurarama hupenyu hunobudirira uye hunogutsa.
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