Dzimwe nguva unonzwa here kuti mafungiro ako nekunzwisisa zvinhu zvakasiyana zvishoma nevamwe? Kana kuti wakaona here kuti mwana wako anodzidza, anozvibata, uye anoshamwaridzana zvakasiyana nevamwe vana? Nhasi tiri kutaura nezvemhando idzi dzekuchinja kwehuropi. Pane zita rakakosha reizvi: 'Neurodivergent'. Ichi hachisi chirwere, asi zvakakosha kuziva izvi.
Chii chinonzi neurodivergent?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, "Neurodivergent" zvinoreva kuti nekuda kwekusiyana kwemashandiro anoita uropi hwemunhu, anodzidza, anonzwisisa, uye anoona nyika zvakasiyana neavamwe vanhu vazhinji. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanhu ava vanogona kunge vaine simba nematambudziko akasiyana nevamwe.
Iri harisi izwi rezvekurapa. Ishoko rinoshandiswa kutaura nezvekusiyana kwehuropi hwevanhu, pasina kushandisa mazwi ekuti "zvakajairika" uye "zvisina kujairika." Nekuti hapana anogona kupa tsananguro imwe chete yekuti huropi hwemunhu hunofanira kushanda sei "zvakajairika."
Zvadaro, avo vasiri neurodivergent vanonzi "Neurotypical." Kureva kuti, avo vasina mutsauko wakakosha unokanganisa mashandiro ehuropi hwavo, uye vanowanzo funga sevanhu vazhinji munharaunda.
Izwi iri rakauya sei?
Izwi rekuti "neurodivergent" rinobva pashoko rekuti "neurodiversity." Izwi iri rakatanga kushandiswa muna 1998 nenyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu yekuAustralia Judy Singer. Aireva kuti uropi hwemunhu wese hunokura uye hunoshanda nenzira yahwo yakasiyana.
Funga nezvazvo sezvigunwe zvedu. Kunyangwe mapatya akafanana ane uropi hwakasiyana. Saka, hazvigoneke kutaura kuti "uropi hwakajairika" chii.
Pfungwa yekusiyana-siyana kwetsinga dzeuropi inoreva kuti kusiyana kwebasa reuropi hakusi chirwere kana chikanganiso, asi kusiyana-siyana kwechisikigo kuri chikamu chevanhu.
Uku kuremara here?
Chinhu chakakosha kunzwisisa pano ndechekuti kuva neurodivergent hazvirevi kuti uri kuremara nguva dzose. Zvisinei, vamwe vanhu vane neurodivergent vanogona kusangana nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwemaitiro ari munharaunda medu, kuchikoro, uye kubasa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti maitiro iwayo akagadzirirwa vanhu vazhinji "veNeurotypical".
Funga nezvemienzaniso miviri iyi.
1. Kubvunzurudzwa kwebasa:Vamwe vanhu vane Neurodivergent vanoomerwa nekushamwaridzana nevamwe. Saka vangasaita zvakanaka pakubvunzurudzwa kwebasa. Zvisinei, kana kambani ikapihwa bvunzo inoyera kugona kwavo panzvimbo pekubvunzurudzwa, munhu iyeye aizowana basa zviri nyore. Kana vangowana basa, vanogona kutove accountant akanakisa mukambani nekuda kwekunyatsoteerera kwavo zvakadzama uye kugona kwavo kurangarira zvinhu zvese.
2. Nzvimbo ine ruzha: Vamwe vanhu havagoni kushivirira ruzha rukuru. Saka hofisi yakazara nevanhu inovanetsa zvikuru. Zvisinei, kana ukapa munhu iyeye mahedhifoni akanaka anodzima ruzha, anogona kunyatsotarisa pabasa rake uye kuva mushandi akanakisa muchikwata.
Mumienzaniso yese iyi, rutsigiro nerubatsiro zvakapihwa zvakavabatsira kukunda matambudziko avo. Izvi zvakafanana nekuvaka nzvimbo yekukwira panzvimbo pemasitepisi kune mumwe munhu anoshandisa wiricheya. Zvinoreva kubvuma kusiyana kwavo uye kuvapa zvishandiso zvavanoda kuti vabudirire.
Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinowanzoonekwa pakati pevanhu vane neurodivergent?
Vanhu vanozviti neurodivergent vanowanzova nechimwe chezvinotevera: Zvisinei, yeuka kuti ichi hachisi chikonzero chekurapa, saka vanhu vane zvirwere zvisingakodzeri pane urongwa uhwu, kana kuti kwete munhu wese ane zvirwere izvi, vanogona kuzviti neurodivergent.
| Mamiriro | Sumo pfupi |
|---|---|
| Dambudziko reAutism Spectrum (ASD) | Kuchinja muhukama hwevanhu, kutaurirana, uye maitiro. |
| Dambudziko reKushaya Kunyatsoteerera (ADHD) | Kuomerwa nekuchengetedza pfungwa, kushanda nesimba, uye kusada kuita zvinhu nekukurumidza. |
| Dyslexia | Kuoma kuverenga nekuziva mavara. |
| Kusakwanisa kuverenga (Dyscalculia) | Kuomerwa nemabasa ane chekuita nemasvomhu nenhamba. |
| Kushaya simba rekuita zvepabonde | Kuomerwa nekubatanidza kufamba kwemuviri. |
| Chirwere cheTourette | Manzwi kana mafambiro asingadzoreki (kutamba). |
| Matambudziko epfungwa akadai seObsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Bipolar Disorder | Mamiriro akasiyana-siyana anokanganisa pfungwa, manzwiro, uye maitiro. |
Ndingaziva sei kana ini/mwana wangu ndine chirwere cheNeurodivergent?
Kana iwe kana mwana wako muchiona chero shanduko idzi, chinhu chekutanga uye chakanakisa chekuita ndechekutaura nachiremba wemhuri yako (chiremba). Iye anogona kukutumira kuna nyanzvi kana zvichidikanwa. Izvi zvichabatsira kuona kana paine chirwere chiri kukonzera shanduko mukushanda kwehuropi hwako.
Yeuka, kupatsanuka kwetsinga hakugone kudzivirirwa, kurapwa, kana kurapwa. Musiyano wechisikigo mukukura kwehuropi hwemunhu wese. Zvisinei, kana paine chirwere chinokonzera (senge ADHD), chinogona kugadziriswa. Kune marapirwo emaitiro, mishonga, uye mapurogiramu anogona kukubatsira kushandisa simba rako zvakanyanya uye kubudirira muhupenyu.
Tingabatsira sei munhu ane chirwere chetsinga dzeropa?
Kana uine munhu ane tsinga dzakasiyana-siyana mumhuri mako, shamwari, kana kubasa, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvaunogona kuita kuti umutsigire.
- Teerera: Vanhu ava vanowanzonzwa sekunge hapana anovanzwisisa. Saka vateerere. Ita kuti vanzwe kuti unoremekedza mafungiro avo nezvavanosarudza.
- Taurai nenzira iri nyore kwavari: Vamwe vanhu vanosarudza kutaurirana vachishandisa mameseji kana maemail pane kutaura muchitarisana. Vapei nguva nemukana wekuita izvozvo.
- Usazvipa mazita ekuti "high-functioning" kana kuti "low-functioning." Mashoko aya anowanzo ratidza kuti unoita sei semunhu ane Neurotypical.
- Havasi vese vakafanana:Kunyangwe vanhu vaviri vane chirwere chimwe chete (semuenzaniso autism) vanogona kusiyana zvachose. Saka musafunge kuti munhu wese akafanana zvichibva pamunhu mumwe chete.
- Usafunge kuti hauna kugona kana kuti hauna njere: Vanhu vane tsinga dzakasiyana-siyana vanogona kuita sevasina kunaka nevamwe nekuda kwekusiyana kwavo. Asi izvozvo hazvirevi kuti havana hunyanzvi kana kuti havana njere. Remekedza munhu wese.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Kuchinja-chinja kweuropi hakusi chirwere kana kuti chirema. Kuchinja-chinja kwemaitiro epfungwa dzedu.
- Vanhu ava vane simba rakasiyana iro vamwe vasina, pamwe nematambudziko avanosangana nawo muhupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva.
- Mashoko anogona kuchinja hupenyu hwemumwe munhu. Kugamuchira mumwe munhu se "akasiyana" kunokanganisa zvikuru kuzvivimba kwavo nemufaro pane kumuti "anorwara" kana kuti "ane hurema."
- Vanhu vane tsinga dzakasiyana-siyana vanogona kubudirira zvikuru mune chero basa kana vakanzwisiswa, vakatsigirwa, uye vakabatsirwa.
- Kana iwe kana mwana wako musina chokwadi nezvenyaya iyi, musambofa makaita sarudzo mega. Zvakakosha kubvunza chiremba wenyu (chiremba) kuti akupei mazano .
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