Ngatingodzidzai nezvevatumwa vadiki vari mumuviri wedu: (Vanotumira maNeurotransmitter)?

Makadini? Dzimwe nguva munonzwa kufara zvikuru, uye dzimwe nguva munonzwa kusuruvara kana kutsamwa, handiti? Kana kuti makambosara muchikwenya musoro mushure mekukanganwa chimwe chinhu chamakadzidzira zvakaoma pabvunzo? Zvese izvi zvinokonzerwa nenhume diki asi dzinokosha dzinoshanda mukati memiviri yedu. Tichataura nezvadzo nhasi.

Ndezvipi izvi (Neurotransmitters)?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ma neurotransmitters rudzi rwemutumwa wemakemikari anodiwa nemiviri yedu . Vakaita sevana vadiki vanoshanda muposvo yemiviri yedu. Basa ravo nderekutakura masaini emakemikari, kana mameseji, kubva kune rimwe sero retsinga (neuron) kuenda kune rinotevera sero. Sero iri rinogona kuva rimwe sero retsinga, kana kuti rinogona kuva sero remhasuru kana gland.

Miviri yedu yakafukidzwa ne network yetsinga. Tinoidaidza kuti system yetsinga . Yakafanana ne network yewaya dzemagetsi dzinofamba munyika yese. System iyi yetsinga inotumira uye inogamuchira masaini emagetsi kuenda uye kubva kunhengo dzese dzemuviri wedu. Inodzora kwete chete zvaunofunga, manzwiro ako, kufamba kwetsandanyama dzako, asiwo mashandiro anoita nhengo dzako. Nemamwe mashoko, idzi tsinga dzinobatanidzwa mune zvese zvaunoita, zvaunofunga, uye zvaunonzwa. Masero edu etsinga anogamuchira uye anotumira ruzivo kubva mumuviri wese. Kuchinjana ruzivo nguva dzose uku ndiko kunobatsira kuchengetedza muviri uchishanda zvakanaka.

Chii chinodzorwa netsinga ne neurotransmitters mumiviri yedu?

Zvino tarisa kuti vatumwa vadiki ava vanobatanidzwa muzvinhu zvingani:

• Inodzora kurova kwemoyo wako neBP .
• Zvinokubatsira kufema .
• Vanoitawo kuti kufamba kwetsandanyama kushande zvakanaka.
• Zvinokanganisa zvikuru pfungwa dzako, ndangariro, kudzidza, uye manzwiro ako . Funga nezvazvo, dzimwe nguva tinonzwa kufara zvikuru, dzimwe nguva tinonzwa kusuruvara, kutya. Vanobatanidzwa mune zvese izvi.
• Inodzorawo maitiro ekurara, kupora kwemaronda, uye kukwegura .
• Ndivo vanosarudza kuti munhu anonzwa sei kana achinetseka . Vanhu ava vanobatsira pakuita kwemuviri kana munhu achitya kana kunetseka.
• Inotonga mahormone .
• Inodzora kugaya chikafu, nzara, uye nyota .
• Ndivo vanopindura kumanzwiro edu mashanu (kuona, kunzwa, kunzwa, kubata, uye kuravira).

Ma neurotransmitter anoshanda sei?

Kune mabhiriyoni emasero etsinga mumuviri wedu. Zvinoshamisa, handiti? Kana ukatora sero retsinga, rine zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru:

• Muviri wesero: Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru pakugadzirwa kwema neurotransmitters uye pakushanda zvakanaka kwesero retsinga.
• Axon: Chikamu chakareba chakaita semuswe cheneuron chinotakura masaini emagetsi achitevedza neuron kuenda ku axon terminal.
• Chiteshi cheAxon:Apa ndipo panobva shoko remagetsi rinova shoko remakemikari. Izvi zvinobatsirwa ne (Neurotransmitters). Shoko remakemikari iri rinozotumirwa kumasero etsinga anotevera, sero remhasuru, kana gland.

MaNeurotransmitter ari pamucheto weaxon yesero retsinga. Anochengetwa mumasagi madiki, ane madziro matete anonzi synaptic vesicles . Sagi rimwe chete rinogona kuva nezviuru zvema neurotransmitter molecules. Funga nezvaro semapaketi madiki.

Zvino, kana meseji kana chiratidzo chichifamba nesero retsinga, simba remagetsi riri muchiratidzo ichocho rinoita kuti neurotransmitter isunge nemembrane yemasero etsinga, pamucheto pesero. Zvadaro, ma neurotransmitters ari kutakura meseji iye zvino anoburitswa kubva pa axon terminal. Izvi zvinoburitswa munzvimbo diki yakazadzwa nemvura pakati pesero rimwe retsinga nesero rinotevera (rinogona kunge riri rimwe sero retsinga, sero retsandanyama, kana gland). Nzvimbo iyi idiki kwazvo, isingasviki 40 nanometers (nm). Kana uchifunga kuti nzvimbo iyi idiki sei, tambo yebvudzi rako ine upamhi hwema nanometers angangoita 75,000.

Nzvimbo diki iyi inonzi synaptic junction . Apa ndipo panotumirwa ma neurotransmitters. Rudzi rumwe nerumwe rwe neurotransmitter runobatana ne receptor chaiyo pa sero rinotarirwa. Sekungofanana nekiyi inogona kuvhurwa chete nekuiisa muburi rekiyi chaiyo. Kana yangosungwa, neurotransmitter inokonzera shanduko kana chiito mu sero rinotarirwa. Semuenzaniso, inogona kukonzera imwe tsinga kuti itange chiratidzo chemagetsi, tsandanyama kuti igumbuke, kana gland kuti ibudise hormone.

Rudzii rwemashoko runotumirwa nema neurotransmitters kusero rinonangwa?

Vatumwa ava, kana kuti ma neurotransmitters, vanoita chimwe chezviito zvikuru zvitatu nemashoko avo, zvichienderana nerudzi rwe neurotransmitter iri kushanda.

• Mashoko ekukurudzira: Mhando idzi dzema neurotransmitters "dzinokurudzira" tsinga dzemuviri uye " dzinopfuudza meseji ." Kureva kuti, meseji inoenda kuseri rinotevera. Mienzaniso inosanganisira Glutamate , Epinephrine, uye Norepinephrine .
• Mashoko anodzivisa: Aya anoshandiswa kumisa kana kudzivirira mashoko emakemikari kuti asaenderere mberi. Mienzaniso yeaya ma neurotransmitters inosanganisira gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) , glycine, uye serotonin.
• Mashoko ekuchinja: Aya (ma neurotransmitters) anokanganisa mhedzisiro yemamwe ma chemical messenger. Sekunge "achichinja zvishoma." Kureva kuti, anoita shanduko diki pakutaurirana kwemasero pa synapse. Zvakare, anokanganisa huwandu hwakawanda hwemasero etsinga panguva imwe chete.

Chii chinoitika kune ma neurotransmitters mushure mekunge meseji yatumirwa?

Zvakanaka, ikozvino ma neurotransmitters asvitsa meseji yawo. Chii chinoitika zvinotevera? Mamorekuru aya anofanira kubva muchikamu ichocho che synaptic (nzvimbo iri pakati peimwe tsinga yesero nesero rayo rinotevera). Zvikasadaro, acharamba achitumira meseji, handiti? Izvi zvinoitika nenzira nhatu huru:

• Zvinopera zvishoma nezvishoma (kupararira) .
• Anotorwazve uye anodzoserwazve nesero rimwechete retsinga rakaaburitsa (reuptake) , sekunge ari kudzoserwazve.
• Enzayimu iri mukati me synapse inoipwanya (kuora) , zvichiita kuti isakwanise kubatana nesero rekugamuchira masero zvakare.

Kune mhando ngani dzema neurotransmitters?

Masayendisiti ikozvino awana mhando dzinosvika zana dzema neurotransmitters. Uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune dzimwe dzakawanda dziri kuda kuwanikwa. Dzinogona kupatsanurwa zvichienderana nehunhu hwadzo hwemakemikari. Ngatitarisei mamwe emapoka akakosha atinowanzo kunzwa nezvawo, mienzaniso yema neurotransmitters ari maari, uye mabasa awo.

MaAmino Acids (Neurotransmitters)

Izvi (neurotransmitters) zvine chekuita nemabasa akawanda etsinga dzedu.

• Glutamate: Iyi ndiyo neurotransmitter huru mutsinga dzedu. Inowanikwa zvakanyanya muuropi. Yakakosha pamabasa ekuziva akadai sekufunga, kudzidza, uye kurangarira. Kusawirirana kwemazinga eglutamate kwakabatana nechirwere cheAlzheimer , dementia , chirwere cheParkinson, uye pfari .
• Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA): GABA ndiyo neurotransmitter huru inodzivirira tsinga dzedu, kunyanya muuropi. Inodzora mashandiro europi uye inodzivirira matambudziko akadai sekuzvidya mwoyo , kushatirwa, kuoma kwekutarisa, kushaya hope, pfari, uye kuora mwoyo .
• Glycine: Glycine ndiyo neurotransmitter huru inodzivirira musana wedu. Glycine inobatsira mukugadzirisa ruzivo rwekunzwa, kutapurirana kwemarwadzo, uye kudzora kushandiswa kwemetabolism.

Monoamines (Neurotransmitters)

Izvi (Neurotransmitters) zvinoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana mutsinga dzedu, kunyanya muuropi. Zvinodzora pfungwa, kuona, kutarisisa, uye manzwiro. Matambudziko mazhinji etsinga ane chekuita nekusagadzikana kwema monoamines aya (Neurotransmitters). Zvakare, mishonga yakawanda yatinowanzo shandisa inokanganisa izvi (Neurotransmitters).

• Serotonin: Serotonin ineurotransmitter. Serotonin inobatsira kudzora manzwiro edu, maitiro edu ekurara, zvepabonde, kuzvidya mwoyo, kuda kudya, uye kurwadziwa. Zvirwere zvine chekuita nekusagadzikana kweserotonin zvinosanganisira:Dambudziko remwaka rekurwadziwa kwepfungwa, kuzvidya mwoyo, kuora mwoyo, fibromyalgia, uye kurwadziwa kwenguva refu. Mishonga inorapa zvirwere izvi nekudzora serotonin inonzi SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) uye SNRIs (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) .
• Histamine: Histamine inodzora zvinhu zvakaita sekumuka, maitiro ekudya, uye chido chemuviri. Histamine inobatanidzwa muzvirwere zvakaita seasthma , bronchospasm, mucosal edema, uye multiple sclerosis .
• Dopamine: Dopamine inobatanidzwa mu "system yemubayiro" yemuviri wedu. Izvi zvinoreva kunzwa mufaro, kukurudzirwa zvakanyanya, uye kudzidza. Dopamine inobatsirawo pakutarisisa, kurangarira, kurara, manzwiro, uye kukurudzira. Zvirwere zvine chekuita nekusashanda zvakanaka kwedopamine system zvinosanganisira chirwere cheParkinson , schizophrenia , chirwere chebipolar , restless legs syndrome , uye attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) . Mishonga yakawanda inopindwa muropa (yakadai secocaine, methamphetamine, uye amphetamines) inokanganisa zvakananga dopamine system.
• Epinephrine: Epinephrine (inonziwo adrenaline) uye norepinephrine (zvimwe zviri pazasi) ndizvo zvinokonzeresa " kurwisa kana kutiza " kwemuviri wedu pakutya nekushushikana. Aya ma neurotransmitters anowedzera kurova kwemoyo wedu, kufema, BP, huwandu hweshuga muropa, kuyerera kweropa kuenda kutsandanyama, uye kugona kwedu kutarisa uye kuita zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshungurudza. Epinephrine yakawandisa inogona kutungamira kumatambudziko ehutano akadai seBP yakakwira, chirwere cheshuga, uye chirwere chemwoyo. Semushonga, epinephrine inoshandiswa kurapa anaphylaxis (allergy yakanyanya), asthma, heart attack, uye hutachiona hwakakomba.
• Norepinephrine: Norepinephrine (inozivikanwawo se noradrenaline) inowedzera BP uye kurova kwemoyo. Inozivikanwa nemhedzisiro yayo pakungwarira, kumuka, kuita sarudzo, kutarisisa, uye kuisa pfungwa. Mishonga yakawanda (inosimudzira uye inodzvinyirira) inoshanda nekuwedzera mazinga e norepinephrine kuvandudza kutarisisa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai seADHD, kana nekuchinja norepinephrine kuderedza zviratidzo zvekuora mwoyo.

Mapeptidi (Neurotransmitters)

Peptide rudzi rwepolymer, kana cheni, yemaamino acids.

• MaEndorphins:MaEndorphins ndiwo mushonga wepanyama wekuderedza marwadzo mumuviri wedu. Anokanganisa manzwiro edu patinenge tichirwadziwa. Kana maEndorphins akabudiswa, anoderedza marwadzo uye anoita kuti munhu anzwe "achifara". MaEndorphins mashoma anogona kusanganiswa nefibromyalgia nedzimwe mhando dzemusoro.

Acetylcholine

Iyi neurotransmitter inoita basa rakawanda muhurongwa hwedu hwepfungwa (CNS - uropi nemusana) uye muhurongwa hwetsinga dzinobva muhurongwa hwetsinga dzinobva muhurongwa hwedu hwetsinga dzinobva). Acetylcholine inoburitswa mutsinga dzakawanda dziri muhurongwa hwedu hwetsinga dzinozvitonga, idzo dzinodzora kurova kwemoyo, BP, uye kufamba kwedumbu. Acetylcholine inobatanidzwa mukurwadziwa kwetsandanyama, kurangarira, kukurudzira, chido chepabonde, kurara, uye kudzidza. Kusawirirana mumazinga eacetylcholine kwakabatana nematambudziko ehutano akadai sechirwere cheAlzheimer , pfari, uye kugwinha kwetsandanyama.

Ndezvipi zvikonzero nei neurotransmitter isingashande nemazvo?

Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa zvoita kuti ma neurotransmitters asashande zvakanaka. Kazhinji, pane matambudziko mashoma akadai seaya:

• Kugadzirwa kana kuburitswa kweimwe kana kupfuura neurotransmitters kwakawandisa kana kushoma .
• Chinogashira chiri musero (tsinga, tsandanyama, kana gland) chinogamuchira meseji hachisi kushanda nemazvo . Zvadaro, kunyange neurotransmitter inoshanda zvakanaka haigone kupa chiratidzo kune sero rinotevera.
• Kuzvimba nekukuvadzwa kwechikamu chesynaptic zvinodzivirira mareceptor emasero kuti asawane ma neurotransmitters akakwana (muenzaniso: chirwere chinonzi myasthenia gravis ).
• (MaNeurotransmitters) Kudzorerwazve nekukurumidza .
• MaEnzyme anoderedza huwandu hwema neurotransmitters , zvichideredza kufamba kwawo kuenda kumasero anotarisirwa.

Ma neurotransmitters anogona kukanganiswa nematambudziko nezvimwe zvikamu zvetsinga, zvirwere zviripo, kana mishonga yaunotora. Zvakare, kana ma neurotransmitters asingashande nemazvo, zvirwere zvinogona kukura. Semuenzaniso:

• Kusakwana kweacetylcholine kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nendangariro kunoonekwa muchirwere cheAlzheimer's .
• Kuwanda kweserotonin mumuviri kunogona kukonzera matambudziko e autism spectrum .
• Kuwedzera kwemabasa eglutamate kana kudzikira kwemabasa eGABA kunogona kukonzera kubhururuka kwakanyanya kwema neuron muuropi, zvichikonzera pfari .
• Kuwedzera kwebasa re norepinephrine ne dopamine uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwe glutamate kunokonzera mania.Zvinobatsira pamamiriro ezvinhu.

Mishonga inokanganisa sei mashandiro e neurotransmitters?

Masayendisiti akaona kukosha kwebasa rema neurotransmitters mutsinga dzedu. Vakaonawo kukosha kwekugadzira mishonga inogona kukanganisa ma chemicals aya ekurapa zvirwere zvakawanda. Mishonga yakawanda, kunyanya iyo inorapa zvirwere zveuropi, inoshanda nekubata ma neurotransmitters nenzira dzakasiyana.

Funga nezvazvo, mimwe mishonga yakafanana nemapurisa emumugwagwa. Dzimwe nguva vanovhara migwagwa kuti vaderedze traffic, dzimwe nguva vanorega mota dzichipfuura. Mishonga inoitawo zvakafanana ne neurotransmitters.

Mishonga inogona:

• Dzivirira enzyme inopwanya neurotransmitter, zvichiita kuti neurotransmitter yakawanda isvike kune tsinga dzinogamuchira.
• Semuenzaniso: Donepezil, Galantamine, naRivastigmine zvinovhara enzyme inonzi acetylcholinesterase, iyo inopwanya neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Mishonga iyi inoshandiswa kudzikamisa nekuvandudza mashandiro ekurangarira nepfungwa muvanhu vane chirwere cheAlzheimer nezvimwe zvirwere zvinokanganisa mashandiro etsinga.

• Dzivirira neurotransmitter kuti isasvike panzvimbo yayo yekugamuchira.
• Muenzaniso: SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) imhando yemishonga inodzivisa kudzoserwa kweserotonin mumasero etsinga. Mishonga iyi inogona kubatsira kurapa kushungurudzika, kuzvidya mwoyo, nezvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa.

• Kudzivirira kuburitswa kwe neurotransmitter kubva mumasero etsinga.
• Muenzaniso: Lithium, mushonga unoshandiswa kurapa mania, unoshanda nekudzivirira kuburitswa kwe norepinephrine, kusvika pamwero wakati. Unoshandiswa kurapa bipolar disorder .

Chinhu chakakosha chaunofanira kurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Saka, pamwe unonzwisisa kuti ma neurotransmitters inhume diki dzinokosha dzinoshanda mumabasa ese ari mumuviri wedu. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, inhume dzemakemikari dzinotakura meseji yetsinga kubva kune imwe tsinga kuenda kune inotevera. Pasina ma neurotransmitters, muviri wedu haugone kushanda.

Kuwanda kana kushoma kweimwe neurotransmitter kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ehutano. Mishonga yakawanda yatinotora inoshanda kuwedzera kana kuderedza huwandu kana mashandiro eiyi neurotransmitter.

Saka kana uine kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, matambudziko ekurangarira, kushaya hope, kana ukaona shanduko mumaitiro ako, usazeza kutaura nachiremba. Zvingave zvichikonzerwa nekuchinja kwekushanda kweizvi (neurotransmitters). Kune mishonga yakakodzera yeizvozvo.

Ndinovimba kuti kuziva nezvezvinhu zvinoshamisa izvi zvinopa makemikari mumuviri wako kuchakubatsira kunzwisisa hutano hwako zviri nani!

` Ma neurotransmitters, uropi, hurongwa hwetsinga, vatumwa vemakemikari, hutano hwepfungwa, manzwiro