Tose tinotya izwi rekuti "kenza," handiti? Asi wakambozvibvunza here kuti chinhu ichi chinokura sei, uye kana chimwe chinhu mumuviri wedu chingave chiri chikonzero? Kutaura zvazviri, shanduko mune mamwe majini anodzora masero mumuviri wedu ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekenza. Nhasi, tichataura nezverudzi rwejini rinogona kukonzera kenza. Tinodana aya ma oncogenes.
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Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi oncogenes idzi?
Oncogene ijini rinogona kukonzera kenza. Asi harisi jini rakaipa rinogara riri mumiviri yedu. Chaizvoizvo ijini rakachinja-chinja rejini rakajairika , rine hutano rinodzora kukura kwemasero mumiviri yedu.
Funga nezvazvo nenzira iyi. Tine majini akanaka, akarongeka anodzora zvinhu zvakaita sekukura kwemasero nekukamuka kwemuviri wedu. Tinoadaidza kuti proto-oncogenes . Zvakafanana ne accelerator pamotokari. Inotsikwa kana ichidiwa uye inosunungurwa kana isingadiwi. Izvi ndizvo zvinodzora kukura kwemasero kusvika padanho raunoda.
Asi, nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero, kana proto-oncogene iyi yakanaka ikachinja, kana kuchinja, inova oncogene . Chii chinoitika ikozvino? Zvakaita sekunge accelerator yemotokari iyoyo yakanamirwa pasi. Kureva kuti, oncogene iyi inoramba ichitumira zviratidzo kumasero kuti "aparadzane, akure." Haimire. Saka, nekufamba kwenguva, masero aya asina kujairika anopatsanurana zvisingadzoreki anoungana uye anoumba bundu .
Zvakakosha kuti vanachiremba vanzwisise mashandiro anoita ma oncogene aya, nekuti vanogona kutarisa ma oncogene aya vowana mishonga mitsva yekurapa kenza.
Oncogenes inobatanidzwa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ekenza
Kusvika pari zvino, ma oncogene anopfuura zana akaonekwa kuti anobatanidzwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekenza. Semuenzaniso, kenza imwe chete pashanu inobatanidzwa nema oncogene akasiyana-siyana mumhuri yema gene eRas.
Mamwe majini ekenza anonyanya kusanganiswa nemarudzi chaiwo ekenza. Tarisa tafura iri pazasi kuti uwane pfungwa iri nani yeizvi.
| Zita re oncogene ) | Mhando dzekenza dzinowanzobatanidzwa |
|---|---|
| BCR/ABL1 | Chirwere cheLeukemia Chisingaperi cheMyeloid uye mamwe marudzi eB-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. |
| CMYC | Burkitt lymphoma. |
| EGFR neEML4AK | Rudzi rwegomarara rinonzi adenocarcinoma yemapapu. |
| HER2 | Kenza yemazamu. |
| KRAS | Kenza yepancreatic, kenza yeura, uye kenza yemapapu. |
| NMYC | Neuroblastoma nedzimwe mhando dzekenza yemapapu. |
Sei majini aya akanaka achichinja kuita zvakaipa?
Chikonzero chaicho chinoita kuti proto-oncogene iyi ishanduke kuita oncogene hachizivikanwe, asi zvinotendwa kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvatinoziva zvinokonzera kenza zvine chekuita nazvo.
- Kuratidzwa zvakanyanya nezuva.
- Kusangana nezvinhu zvinokonzera kenza (semuenzaniso, fodya, asbestos).
- Zvimwe zvirwere zvinotapukira.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti ma oncogene aya kazhinji haasi chinhu chatinogara nhaka kubva kuvabereki vedu . Aya ndiwo magene matsva anoitika muhupenyu hwemunhu.
Kuchinja uku kunogona kuitika nenzira nhatu huru:
- Kuchinja kwenzvimbo: Masero edu asati apatsanurana, anokopa DNA yavo. Munguva yekukopa uku, shanduko diki muDNA, senge kuwedzera kana kubvisa bhii, inogona kuitika. Chikanganiso chidiki ichi chinogona kushandura proto-oncogene kuita oncogene.
- Kuwedzerwa kwemajini: Dzimwe nguva, makopi anopfuura rimwe chete ejini anogadzirwa pane rimwe rema chromosome edu. Nenzira iyi, kana makopi akawanda eproto-oncogene akaumbwa, mhedzisiro yayo inogona kuwedzera uye masero ekenza anogona kukura.
- Kugadziriswazve kwemachromosome: Izvi zvakaoma zvishoma. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chidimbu chechromosome imwe chinotyoka chobva chachinjana nechimwe chechromosome imwe. Tinodanawo kuti maitiro aya translocation . Kuchinjana uku kunogona kukonzera kuumbwa kwe oncogene itsva, inoshanda.
Sei zvichikosha kuziva nezve oncogenes pakurapa kenza?
Kazhinji, kenza inokonzerwa nekusanganiswa kwekuchinja kwemajini. Asi dzimwe nguva, oncogene imwe chete inogona kuva nesimba rakakwana rekutanga maitiro ese ekenza.
Heino mashoko akanaka: Zviri nyore uye zvinobudirira kutsvaga shanduko huru yemajini pane kurapa shanduko dzakawanda dzemajini panguva imwe chete.
Muenzaniso wakanaka ndewe chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Vanachiremba vakaona kuti leukemia iyi inokonzerwa ne oncogene imwe chete inonzi BCR-ABL. Oncogene iyi inogadzira enzyme isina kujairika inoita kuti masero machena eropa aparadzane zvisingadzoreki.
Iye zvino kune mhando yemushonga unonzi tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) . Mishonga iyi inovhara zvakananga mashandiro eBCR-ABL enzyme. Zvadaro masero machena eropa asingawanzoitiki anofa. Kurapa uku kwakaita kuti CML ikwanise kupora. Mushonga uyu usati wauya, munhu mumwe chete pavanhu vashanu vane CML airarama kwemakore mashanu. Asi nhasi, nekuda kwekurapa kunonangana neoncogene iyi, varwere vari kurarama hupenyu hurefu uye hune hutano.
Saka p53 ikenzawo here?
Nhamba p53 ijini rinodzvinyirira bundu . Izvi zvinoreva "jini rinomisa kukura kwebundu." Asi kuchinja kurimo kunogonawo kukonzera kenza.
Ngatidzokerei kumuenzaniso wemotokari.
- MaProto-oncogene akafanana neanokurumidza mota.
- Majini anodzivirira bundu akafanana nemabhureki emotokari.
Oncogene yakafanana ne accelerator iri kudzimwa. Gene rinodzvinyirira bundu rakafanana nemabhureki ari kudzimwa. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, mota inonzi sero inoramba ichifamba isina kudzora, kureva kuti, inopatsanuka. Saka kenza inogona kukura.
Vamwe varwere vanoona zvichivapa simba mupfungwa kudzidza nezvegomarara uye kuedza kunzwisisa zviri kuitika mukati. Kana iwe uchinzwa saizvozvo, kumbira chiremba wako kuti akutsanangurire shanduko dzemajini dzakakonzera chirwere chako nemashoko akareruka. Izvi zvichakubatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani maitiro ekurapwa.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- MaOncogenes rudzi rwemajini anogona kukonzera kenza nekuda kwekuchinja kwemajini akajairwa (proto-oncogenes) ayo anodzora kukura kwemasero mumuviri wedu.
- Izvi zvinoita sechinomhanyisa mota iri kuvharirwa. Kureva kuti, zvinotumira zviratidzo kumasero kuti arambe "achikura."
- Kuchinja kwemajini uku hakuwanzogarwa nhaka. Kunogona kukonzerwa nechiedza chezuva chakawandisa, makemikari anokonzera kenza, kana mamwe mavhairasi muhupenyu hwese.
- Kuziva magene chaiwo ekenza kwakabatsira kugadzira mishonga inoshanda zvikuru.
- Kana muine mibvunzo nezvegomarara kana shanduko dzemajini, munhu akakodzera kutsanangura mibvunzo iyi ndichiremba wenyu.
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