Pamwe wakambonzwa izwi rekuti 'Opioid'. Iyi mishonga ine simba inonyaradza marwadzo inonyorerwa navanachiremba kudzora marwadzo akanyanya. Inoshandiswa pakurapa marwadzo akadai sekenza, mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwakasiyana-siyana, nezvimwewo. Asi nekuda kwesimba rayo, kana ikashandiswa zvisirizvo, kana munhu akadarika mwero, kana mumwe munhu akapindwa muropa nayo, inogona kuva njodzi huru kuhupenyu. Saka nhasi tichataura nezvemhando yakakosha yemishonga inoshandiswa kuponesa hupenyu mumamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi akadai, ichiita se'mupikisi'. Ndiwo mushonga unorwisa marwadzo.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi Opioid Antagonist uyu?
Kuti tinzwisise izvi, ngatitangei tatarisa mashandiro anoita mishonga yekurwadziwa kwemusoro (opioid painkillers) mumiviri yedu. Funga nezvetsinga dzedu, kunyanya uropi nemusana, sedzine 'magedhi' madiki. Mukurapa, tinodzidaidza kuti 'mareceptor'. Kana mushonga wekurwadziwa kwemusoro (opioid) ukapinda mumuviri, unosunga magedhi aya woavhura, zvichideredza marwadzo uye zvichiita kuti munhu anzwe kugadzikana (euphoria).
Vadzivisi veOpioid vakaita sekiyi yakasiyana inokodzera kiyi imwe chete. Asi kana ukaisa kiyi iyi mukiyi, haivhuri musuwo. Pane kudaro, inonamirwa mukati mekiyi, ichivhara zvachose nzira yekuti kiyi yeopioid ipinde. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mishonga iyi inovhara ma opioid receptors, ichidzivirira ma opioid kuti asashande. Ndosaka ichigona kudzora njodzi dzinokonzerwa nekunwa opioid zvakanyanya.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti, kana usina maOpioids mumuviri wako, mushonga uyu weOpioid Antagonist hauwanzo shanda. Unoshanda chete kana uine maOpioids mumuviri wako.
Mishonga iyi chii uye inoshandiswa pai?
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga dziri mukirasi yeOpioid Antagonist. Imwe neimwe inoshandiswa nechinangwa chayo. Ngatitarisei mhando huru.
| Zita remushonga uyu | Inonyanya kushandiswa pai? | Maitiro ekupa |
|---|---|---|
| Naloxone | Ndiwo mushonga wekukurumidzira kana munhu anwa opioid yakawanda. Unoshandiswa kuderedza kushushikana kwekufema kunokonzerwa neopioid. Mushonga unoponesa hupenyu. | Sekubaiwa jekiseni (mutsinga kana kuti netsvimbo) kana sepfapfaidzo yemhino (semuenzaniso Narcan®, Kloxxado®) |
| Naltrexone | Mushonga wekuchengetedza matambudziko ekushandisa opioid nedoro. Unodzivisa kufara kwemishonga uye unobatsira kuderedza kudzokera kumishonga. | Sejekiseni kana sepiritsi rinonwiwa nemuromo. (semuenzaniso Vivitrol®, ReVia®) |
| Methylnaltrexone | Inoshandiswa kurapa kuvimbiwa kunokonzerwa neopioid kuvanhu vanotora mishonga yekurapa marwadzo kwenguva yakareba. Inongovhara mareceptor mudumbu, pasina kukanganisa uropi. | Sejekiseni kana sepiritsi rinonwiwa nemuromo. (semuenzaniso Relistor®) |
| Nalmefene | Mushonga wakafanana neNaloxone. Unoshandiswa kurapa opioid overdose, unogara mumuviri kwenguva yakareba. Asi hauwanzo shandiswa seNaloxone. | Sejekiseni. (semuenzaniso Revex®) |
Kukosha kwakakosha kweNaloxone
Nekuda kwedenda reopioid, vashandi vepa emergency vakaita semapurisa nevashandi veamburenzi munyika dzakawanda pasi rose vakadzidziswa kutakura nekupa Naloxone. Kana munhu akarega kufema nekuda kwekunyanyisa kushandisa opioid, kupa Naloxone mukati memaminitsi maviri kusvika mashanu kunogona kuponesa hupenyu nekudzoreredza kufema kwakajairika.
Migumisiro yemishonga iyi ndeipi?
Mhedzisiro huru uye yekukurumidza yeNaloxone, Naltrexone, uye Nalmefene zviratidzo zvekurega kushandisa opioid.Kuitika.
Fungidzira mumwe munhu akapindwa muropa zvakanyanya neopioid. Muviri wake wajaira zvachose opioid idzodzo. Paunongoerekana wapa mumwe munhu mushonga wakaita seNaloxone, opioid dzese dziri mumuviri wake dzinobva dzadzima. Ipapo ndipo panopindurwa nemuviri izvozvo.
Zviratidzo zvikuru ndeizvi:
- Matehwe (matehwe)
- Kubvaruka zvakanyanya kubva mumaziso
- Kuita weti kakawanda (kusazvidzora weti)
- Kuwedzera kwekufema (Hyperventilation)
- Kupisa kwakanyanya kwemuviri
- Kuwedzera kwekurova kwemoyo (Tachycardia)
- Kurwadziwa kwakanyanya kwetsandanyama
- Kusvotwa nekurutsa
- Kuzvimba (manyoka)
- Kusagadzikana kwakanyanya uye kuzvidya mwoyo
Kuoma kwezviratidzo izvi kunosiyana kubva pamunhu kusvika pamunhu, zvichienderana nekuti vanga vachishandisa maopioid kwenguva yakareba sei uye rudzii rwavakashandisa.
Asi zvakakosha kurangarira izvi. Muchipatara, semuenzaniso muEmergency Department (ETU) , vanachiremba vanogona kubata zviratidzo izvi zvekurega kushandisa mushonga zvakanaka. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekupa mushonga wemunyu, nemimwe mishonga yakaita seMethadone neBuprenorphine.
Migumisiro yemethylnaltrexone
Sezvo izvi zvichinyanya kukanganisa ura, migumisiro yacho ine chekuita nazvo.
- Kurwadziwa kwedumbu
- Kuzadza dumbu
- Kusvotwa zvishoma kana manyoka
- Musoro
- Kutenderedza tsandanyama
- Dzungu
Saka mishonga iyi inobatsira sei?
Pasinei nemigumisiro yacho, mabhenefiti emishonga iyi anodarika ayo zvachose.
Naloxone neNalmefene mishonga inoponesa hupenyu. Kana mushonga weopioid ukashandiswa zvakanyanya ukarapwa nekukurumidza uye nemazvo, unogona kuponesa hupenyu hwemumwe munhu. Ndicho chinhu chakakosha. Kana ukaona munhu asina chaanoziva uye achifema zvakanaka nekuda kwekushandisa opioid zvakanyanya, unofanira kuenda naye kuEmergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yechipatara. Zvakare, kana uchida ruzivo nezvechero chepfu, unogona kufonera National Poisons Information Center paColombo National Hospital kuti uwane mazano.
Naltrexone chishandiso chakakosha chinoshandiswa mukurapa chirwere chakaoma chekushandisa zvinodhaka. Zvisinei, mushonga uyu wega haugone kurapa chirwere ichi. Unoda kurapwa kwepfungwa, kurapwa kwemuviri, uye mamwe mabasa ekutsigira.
Saka, Opioid Antagonists imhando yemishonga inobatsira zvikuru. Kana uine zvinokunetsa kana kutya nezvemishonga iyi kana migumisiro yayo, taura nachiremba wako nezvazvo pachena. Iye anogona kukupa mazano akakodzera uye rutsigiro rwaunoda.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Mushonga weopioid antagonist rudzi rwemushonga unodzivisa kushanda kwemishonga yeopioid inoderedza marwadzo.
- Naloxone mushonga wekukurumidzira unopiwa kuti munhu adzore kufema uye aponese hupenyu kana munhu akanyanya kushandisa opioid.
- Naltrexone mushonga wekuchengetedza kupindwa muropa neopioid kana doro. Unodzivisa kunakidzwa kwezvinodhaka.
- Kana mishonga iyi ikapihwa kune mumwe munhu akapindwa muropa neopioid, inogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakakomba zvekurega kushandisa, asi izvi zvinogona kurapwa muchipatara.
- Kunyange zvazvo mishonga iyi ichikosha zvikuru, kurapa kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka kunoda chirongwa chakakwana, kusanganisira mazano epfungwa.
- Gara uchikurukura nezvemishonga iyi nachiremba wako uye uwane mazano akakodzera.
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