Tose takanzwa kukanganiswa kukuru kwedenda reCOVID-19 rapfuura, handiti? Asi waiziva here kuti makore angangoita zana apfuura, muna 1918, nyika yakatarisana nedambudziko rehutano rakafanana, rakaparadza pasi rose? Raive denda reInfluenza ( Flu ), rinozivikanwa se "Spanish Flu." Utachiona uhwu hwakabata vanhu vanosvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu pasi rose uye hwakauraya mamiriyoni evanhu. Nhasi, ngationgororei kuti Spanish Flu yaiva chii, nei yaiuraya zvakadaro, uye zvidzidzo zvakakosha zvainotipa nhasi.
Chii chaizvo chaiva Spanish Flu?
Muchidimbu, 1918 Spanish Flu yaive denda repasi rose rakakonzerwa nehutachiona hweInfluenza hunotapukira zvikuru. Yakatanga muna 1918 uye yakasvika mumafungu matatu makuru: muchirimo, mumatsutso, uye muchando. Mafungu echipiri, ayo akasvika pakakwirira mumatsutso, akaratidza kuti ndiwo akaipisisa . Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinototi mafungu echina angangodaro akaitika muna 1920.
Zvinoshamisa kuti chimwe chezvinhu zvinosuwisa zvikuru nezvedenda iri ndechekuti rakabata vanhu vakuru vechidiki vane hutano hwakanaka vane makore ari pakati pe20 ne40 . Kunyange zvazvo furuwenza yemwaka inowanzova nenjodzi huru kuvana nevakwegura, rudzi urwu rwakanga rwakanyanya kuuraya kune avo vari muzera guru. Masayendisiti achiri kudzidza zvikonzero chaizvo nei izvi zvakaitika.
Denda iri rakanga rakakomba zvakadini?
Kuti tinzwisise zviri kuitika, zvinofungidzirwa kuti chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevanhu pasi rose panguva iyoyo— vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni mazana mashanu —vakatapukirwa nechirwere ichi.
Panyaya yekufa kwevanhu, pakati pa1918 na1919, vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni makumi mashanu pasi rose vakarasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti huwandu chaihwo hwevanhu hwaigona kusvika mamiriyoni zana. MuUnited States chete, vanhu vanosvika zviuru mazana matanhatu nemakumi manomwe nemashanu vakafa. Nhamba idzi dzinoratidza kukura uye kutyisa kwedambudziko iri.
Sei Spanish Flu yaiva nengozi zvakadaro?
Pakanga pasina chikonzero chimwe chete chaikonzera huwandu hwekufa hwakakwira; asi, zvaive zvakakonzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Ngatitarisei zvikonzero zvikuru.
| Chinhu | Tsananguro Iri Nyore |
|---|---|
| Mamiriro Enguva Yehondo | Hondo Yenyika I yakanga ichienderera mberi. Mauto akanga akazadzwa mumabharaki, ngarava, uye migero, zvichiita kuti hutachiona hupararire nekukurumidza. Uyezve, hurumende dzakavhara ruzivo nezvechirwere ichi kuti dzidzivirire tsika dzemauto. |
| Zvishandiso Zvishoma Zvehutano | Vanachiremba nevakoti vazhinji vakatumirwa kuhondo. Nzvimbo dzemazuva ano dzakadai seICUs kana mafekitori ekufema dzakanga dzisipo. Kwakanga kusina mishonga inorwisa mavhairasi ( mishonga ) yekurapa hutachiona, sezvo sainzi yezvekurapa yakanga isati yanzwisisa zvizere kuti hwakakonzerwa nehutachiona. |
| Kukuvara Kwemapapu | Utachiona uhwu hwakakonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya kumapapu, zvichiita kuti ave nyore kubatwa nezvirwere zvemabhakitiriya. Varwere vazhinji vakabatwa nematambudziko akadai sepneumonia nekuti havana mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yekurwisa izvi. |
| Kubatwa Kwakanyanya Nemasoja Emuviri Wemuviri | Huwandu hwevanhu vadiki vanofa hunofungidzirwa kuti hunokonzerwa nedutu re cytokine . Apa ndipo apo masoja emuviri anotanga kushanda zvakanyanya uye, mukuedza kwawo kurwisa hutachiona, anorwisa mapapu emuviri ane hutano, zvichikonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya mukati. |
Zviratidzo zvacho zvaiva zvipi?
Zviratidzo zvevhairasi ra1918 zvakafanana nefuruwenza yemazuva ano, asi kazhinji zvaive zvakanyanya kuipa.
- Kamwe kamwe, dzimwe nguva fivha yakanyanya.
- Kukosora kwakaoma .
- Musoro nekurwadziwa kwemuviri .
- Kushaya mweya.
- Huro inorwadza.
- Kutonhora uye kudedera .
- Mhino inoyerera.
- Kushaya chido chekudya .
- Kushaya simba kwakanyanya.
- Kuneta kwakanyanya.
- Cyanosis (ruvara rwebhuruu paganda, miromo, kana nzara), zvichiratidza kuti ropa harina okisijeni yakakwana.
- Kuzvimba kwemapapu (fluid mumapapu).
- Kubuda ropa mukati.
Sei ichinzi 'Spanish Flu'? Yakatangira kuSpain here?
Uku kufunga kusina kururama kwakajairika. Hutachiona uhwu hahuna kutangira kuSpain. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti hwakatanga mumisasa yemauto muUnited States.
Saka, sei zita iri? Munguva yeHondo Yenyika I, nyika huru dzakadai seUS, Britain, neFrance dzakavhara nhau nezvedenda iri kuti dzirambe dzichifara nemauto. Zvisinei, Spain yakanga isina kwayakarerekera uye haina kudzora mapepanhau ayo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vezvenhau vekuSpain vakashuma pachena nezvedenda iri, zvichiita kuti nyika yose ifungire nhema kuti hutachiona hwakatangira ipapo.
Sangano reWorld Hutano Organization (WHO) parizvino rinopa zano rekuti zvirwere zvisatumidzwe mazita enyika kana matunhu, sezvo kuita izvozvo kunogona kunyadzisa vanhu vemunharaunda zvisina kunaka.
Inoenzaniswa sei neCOVID-19?
Kunyange hazvo zvirwere zvese izvi zvakakonzerwa nemavhairasi akasiyana—chiitiko che1918 cheH1N1 furuwenza uye COVID-19 nekoronavirus itsva—zvose zvaisanganisira utachiona hwaisambove nehutachiona hwevanhu. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, maitiro ehutano hweveruzhinji akafanana zvikuru:
- Kuvhara zvikoro.
- Kurambidza kuungana kwevanhu.
- Kufukidza kumeso kunosungirwa.
- Kuisa vanhu vane hutachiona muchivande uye vanhu vavanosangana navo.
Matanho aya, atakasangana nawo munguva yeCOVID-19, aive maitiro akafanana akashandiswa pasi rose muna 1918.
Zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa
Denda ra1918 rakatipa zvidzidzo zvinokosha zvakatibatsira kugadzirira matambudziko ehutano emazuva ano. Nhasi, tine zvishandiso zvakanga zvisipo muna 1918: majekiseni ekudzivirira hutachiona, mishonga yekurapa inorwisa mavhairasi, uye maICUkutarisira vanorwara zvakanyanya.
Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti denda ra1918 rinotiyeuchidza kuti chero ani zvake, pasinei nezera rake kana kugwinya kwake, anogona kuva panjodzi panguva yedambudziko rehutano. Nekutevera mazano kubva kunyanzvi dzehutano, hatingozvidzivirire isu chete, asiwo mhuri dzedu, vavakidzani vedu, uye nharaunda yese.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Furuwenza yeSpanish ya1918 yakakonzerwa nehutachiona hweH1N1 uye ichiri imwe yedenda rakaipisisa munhoroondo.
- Mamiriro ezvinhu munguva yehondo, kushomeka kwezviwanikwa, uye hunhu hwehutachiona hwacho ndizvo zvakaita kuti huwandu hwevanhu vakakuvara huwedzere.
- Izwi rekuti "Spanish Flu" izita risiri iro rinokonzerwa nekurambidzwa kwenhau munguva yehondo munyika dzairwisana.
- Zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa muna 1918, zvakaita sekunge vanhu vari kure nevamwe uye mamasiki, zvaive zvakakosha mukugadzirisa kupindura kweCOVID-19.
- Kunyange zvazvo tine mishonga yemazuva ano, mavhairasi ari kuchinja nguva dzose. Kuramba takangwarira uye tichitevera gwara rezvekurapa kunoramba kuri kudzivirira kwedu kwakanakisisa kubva kuzvirwere zvinogona kuitika mune ramangwana.
Furuwenza yeSpain, denda ra1918, Furuwenza, H1N1, denda
