Mwana wako mudiki haatarise kumashure here kana zita rake rataurwa? Haafariri kutamba nevamwe vana here? Kana kuti anoita zvimwe chete kakawanda here? Paunoona zvinhu zvakaita seizvi, unganzwa kunetseka uye kutya zvishoma. Zvakajairika. Nhasi tichataura nezvenyaya ine chekuita nehunhu hwakadaro, iyo inonetsa vabereki vazhinji. Iyoyo autism, kana mumashoko ekurapa, autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Chii chinonzi autism?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, autism chirwere chekukura chinokanganisa nzira iyo munhu anotaura, anozvibata, uye anosangana nevamwe. Chinhu chakakosha kurangarira ndechekuti autism hachisi chirwere. Haigone kurapwa, asi nerutsigiro rwakakodzera uye kurapwa, mwana ane chirwere ichi anogona kurarama hupenyu hunobudirira uye hunofadza.
Izwi rekuti "spectrum" rinoshandiswa nekuti havasi vese vane chirwere ichi vakafanana. Vamwe vanhu vane zviratidzo zvishoma, nepo vamwe vanogona kunge vaine zviratidzo zvinoita kuti zvivaomere kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapana vana vaviri vane chirwere ichi vakafanana.
Ndezvipi zvinokonzera autism?
Masayendisiti haasati awana mhinduro chaiyo yemubvunzo uyu zana muzana, asi zvinofungidzirwa kuti pane hukama hukuru pakati pemajini .
- Nhoroondo yemhuri: Kana mumwe munhu mumhuri, akadai saamai, baba, mukoma, kana hanzvadzi, aine chirwere ichi, pane mukana wekuti mwana wacho achavawo nacho. Zvisinei, izvi hazviwanzoitika nguva dzose.
- Zvimwe zvirwere zvemajini: Vana vanosvika 10% vane autism vane zvimwe zvirwere zvemajini, zvakaita seDown syndrome kana fragile X syndrome.
- Zera revabereki: Dzimwe ongororo dzakaona kuti kana vabereki vakakura panguva yekubata pamuviri, njodzi yacho inowedzerawo.
- Mishonga panguva yekuzvitakura: Pane humbowo hunoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwemishonga yakanyorerwa nachiremba panguva yekuzvitakura, kunyanya mishonga inonyaradza marwadzo inonzi opioid, kunogonawo kuva chinhu chinokonzera njodzi.
Chinhu chakakosha kurangarira ndechekuti izvi zvinhu zvinongokonzera njodzi. Hazvirevi kuti mwana achava ne autism nekuti ane zvinhu izvi chete. Zvakakoshawo kurangarira kuti hapana hukama hwesainzi huripo pakati pemajekiseni ne autism.
Vamwe vana vanotanga kuratidza zviratidzo izvi mukati memwedzi mishomanana yekuzvarwa. Vamwe vanogona kukura zvakanaka kwemwedzi mishoma yekutanga kana makore vozotanga kuratidza zviratidzo izvi. Vabereki vanowanzoona shanduko pazera regore rimwe chete, uye pazera remakore maviri, vabereki vanosvika 80%-90% vanoziva kuti pane dambudziko.
Ndingaziva sei kana mwana wangu ane zviratidzo zve autism?
Mu autism, kune nzvimbo nhatu huru apo musiyano unogona kuonekwa: hukama hwevanhu, kutaurirana, uye maitiro. Ngatizvitarisei zvakasiyana.
| 1. Hunhu hunogona kuonekwa muhukama hwevanhu | |
|---|---|
| Kusapindura zita | Kunyangwe aine gore rimwe chete, haatarisi shure kana zita rake richidanwa. |
| Kusarudza kuva ndega | Kusada kutaura, kutamba, kana kugovana zvinhu nevamwe. |
| Kusada kubatwa panyama | Kusada kana kuramba kumbundirwa kana kubatwa nemumwe munhu. |
| Kusabatana Nemaziso Zvakanaka | Kudzivisa kutarisana mumaziso zvakananga pakutaura kana pane dzimwe nguva. |
| Kuoma kunzwisisa manzwiro | Kusakwanisa kunzwisisa manzwiro ako neavamwe ekusuwa nemufaro. Kusada kunyaradzwa kana wakasuwa. |
| 2. Hunhu hunogona kuonekwa mukukurukurirana nekutaurirana | |
|---|---|
| Kunonoka kutaura | Kusataura mashoko akakodzera zera ravo, kana kusataura zvachose. Vamwe vana vanogona kutaura kwenguva yakati vozorasikirwa nehunyanzvi ihwohwo. |
| Kudzokorora (Echolalia) | Kudzokorora chimwe chinhu chaunonzwa kana kutaura kakawanda, sekunge manzwi. |
| Inzwi risinganzwisisike | Kutaura nenzwi rimwe chete, serobhoti, pasina manzwiro. |
| Kutaura nemazita echisazitasingwi | Zvinhu zvakaita sekutaura nezvako se "iwe" pachinzvimbo chekuti "Ini". |
| Kusashandisa masaini | Kusaratidza chimwe chinhu neruoko rwako, kusataura kuti 'tata', uye kusanzwisisa kana vamwe vachiita saizvozvo. |
| 3. Kuchinja kunooneka mumaitiro ehunhu | |
|---|---|
| Maitiro ekudzokorora | Zvinhu zvakaita sekupuruzira maoko, kuzunungusa, uye kutenderera. |
| Kugadziriswa | Kufarira zvakanyanya chitoyi chimwe chete, katuni, kana musoro wenyaya. |
| Kunyatsotevedzera tsika | Kuedza kuita zvese nenzira imwe chete, panguva imwe chete. Kugumbuka zvikuru kunyangwe kana chimwe chinhu chidiki sendiro chikachinjwa. |
| Kunzwisisa | Kunyanya kubatwa nepfungwa dzakaipa kune zvimwe zvinhu, zvakaita seruzha, chiedza, kana kubata kwembatya, kana kusateerera zvachose. |
| Kudya zvisina basa | Kungoda kudya mhando shoma dzechikafu. Kunyatsoongorora ruvara rwechikafu uye magadzirirwo acho. |
| Maitiro ekusafunga uye ehasha | Zvinhu zvakaita sekuita chimwe chinhu usingafungi, kuzvirova iwe pachako kana vamwe, kukanda zvinhu, nezvimwewo. |
Unofanira kuona chiremba rini?
Kana chirwere ichi chikaonekwa nekukurumidza, ndipo paunokwanisa kupa rubatsiro rwakawanda kumwana wako. Ndosaka zvichikosha kuti urambe uchitarisa kukura kwemwana wako. Kana mwana wako asiri kusvika padanho rekukura rakanyorwa pazasi, kana kuti akatanga kurasikirwa nehumwe hunyanzvi hwake, iva nechokwadi chekutaura nachiremba.
| Zera | Zvinhu zvekuziva |
|---|---|
| mwedzi mitanhatu | Kana usingaseke |
| mwedzi mipfumbamwe | Kana chitarisiko chechiso kana manzwi asina kutevedzera |
| mwedzi gumi nemiviri | Kana usingataure zvisina musoro |
| mwedzi gumi nemana | Kana usingaite zviratidzo zvakaita sekunongedzera kana kuti 'tata' |
| mwedzi gumi nemitanhatu | Kana usingataure kana shoko rimwe chete |
| mwedzi gumi nemisere | Kunze kwekunge waita mutambo wekufungidzira (semuenzaniso, kupa chidhori chikafu) |
| mwedzi makumi maviri nemana | Kana usingataure mitsara yemazwi maviri |
Kana muine kusava nechokwadi nezvechinhu chakadai, ndapota musazvichengete mega muchinetseka. Endai nachiremba wevana kana wemhuri nekukasika motaura nezvazvo. Vachakutungamirai nemazvo.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Autism haisi chirwere, idambudziko rine chekuita nekukura kwehuropi . Hapana chikonzero chekutya kana kunyara nazvo.
- Mwana wese akasiyana. Saka, zviratidzo zve autism zvinogona kusiyana zvikuru kubva pamwana mumwe kuenda kune mumwe. Usaenzanisa mwana wako nemumwe mwana.
- Nekuziva chirwere ichi nekukurumidza uye kupa mwana mushonga unodiwa pakuita zvinhu uye kutaura, unogona kumubatsira zvikuru kurarama hupenyu hwakajairika.
- Kana muine kusava nechokwadi nezvekukura kwemwana wenyu, ndapota tsvagai mazano echiremba. Ndicho chinhu chakanakisisa chamunogona kuzviitira imi nemwana wenyu.
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