Wakambofunga here kuti tine uto diki asi rine simba mukati memiviri yedu rekurwisa zvirwere? Masero eT chikamu chakakosha cheuto iri rinotidzivirira kubva kuvavengi vakaita semavhairasi nemabhakitiriya isu tisingazive. Ava vakafanana nemagamba madiki mumiviri yedu. Nhasi, ngatitaurei nezvemagamba madiki aya nenzira iri nyore.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi T cells?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, masero eT imhando yemasero machena eropa muropa redu. Mukurapa, anonzi malymphocytes. Masero aya, anonzi malymphocytes, anoita basa rakakosha muimmune system yedu. System yekudzivirira muviri ndiyo system yekudzivirira inorwisa utachiona, hwakadai semavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, uye fungi, zvinopinda mumuviri wedu. Kwete izvozvo chete, system iyi inoshandawo kuparadza zvinhu zvinokuvadza muviri, zvakaita semasero ekenza.
Kune mhando mbiri huru dzemasoja muuto redu re lymphocyte. Iwo maT cells nemaB cells . Pamwe chete, anotidzivirira.
- Masero eB: Masero aya anogadzira mapuroteni akakosha anonzi ma antibodies. Ma antibodies aya anoenda kunoparadza hutachiona.
- Masero eT: Aya anoshanda zvakasiyana zvishoma. Masero eT anoenda zvakananga kumasero edu akatapukirwa nehutachiona uye anoparadza zvinhu zvakaita semasero ekenza. Anotumirawo zviratidzo kune mamwe masero ari musystem yekudzivirira muviri, achivaudza kuti, "Izvi ndizvo zvatinofanira kurwisa."
Kune mhando huru dzemasero eT here?
Ehe, kune mapoka maviri makuru emasero eT. Sekunge uto rine simba rekurwisa nemukuru wemauto. Ngationei kuti ndivanaani.
| Rudzi rwesero reT | Basa Ravo Guru |
|---|---|
| Masero eT anouraya (masero eT ane chepfu) Idzi dzinonziwo masero eCD8+. | Ava ndivo vanoenda kuhondo zvakananga. Vanowana nekuparadza masero edu akatapukirwa nehutachiona hwakaita semavhairasi nemabhakitiriya. Vane hunyanzvi hwekuparadza masero ekenza. Muzita, "cyto" zvinoreva sero, uye "toxic" zvinoreva chepfu. Izvi zvinoreva "chepfu kumasero." |
| Masero eT anobatsira Idzi dzinonziwo masero eCD4+. | Havaendi zvakananga vouraya masero. Kufanana nevatungamiriri vemauto, vanotumira zviratidzo kune mamwe masero. Aya masero eT anobatsira ndiwo anoudza masero eT anouraya, masero eB, uye rumwe rudzi rwemasero machena eropa anonzi macrophage kuti, "Heuno muvengi, iyi ndiyo nzira yatinofanira kurwisa nayo." |
Pamusoro pemhando mbiri idzi huru, kunewo masero eT anotonga . Basa rawo nderekudzora mashandiro emamwe masero eT kana kurwa kwapera kana pazvinenge zvichidikanwa. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru, nekuti zvikasadaro masero edu eT anogona kurwisa masero edu ane hutano.
Masero aya eT anoshanda sei?
Masero eT chikamu chesystem yekudzivirira muviri inochinjika. Funga nezvawo se "system yekudzivirira yakangwara" yepamusoro-soro. Anogara achitsvaga vavengi. Kana angoziva muvengi, anobva atanga kurwisa muvengi iyeye.
Chinhu chinoshamisa ndechekuti, sero rega rega reT rakagadzirwa kuti rirwise rudzi rumwe chete rwemuvengi, sechikombora chakagadzirirwa chinangwa chimwe chete.
Kana immune system ikaziva muvengi, inowana T cell chaiyo inogona kuparadza muvengi iyeye yoita kuti ashande. T cell iyoyo inobva yagadzira zviuru zvemakopi ayo. T cell dzinobatana mukurwa uku dzinonzi effector cells . Aya effector cells ndiwo anoparadza muvengi uye anotidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere.
Masero eT anotidzivirira kunyangwe mushure mekunge kurwa kwapera. Mamwe masero eT, pachinzvimbo chekuva masero anotangisa, anova masero ekurangarira . Masero aya ekurangarira haarwi. Pane kudaro, anoyeuka zvese zvemuvengi. Kana muvengi mumwe chete akadzoka mumuviri, masero aya ekurangarira anobvumira immune system kuti ikurumidze kuzviziva uye kutanga kurwisa nehurongwa hwakafanana hwekare.
Sero reT rinotanga sei kushanda?
Sero reT haringorwi chete. Rinofanira kutanga ravhurwa. Pane matanho akati wandei ekuita izvozvo.
1. Kutanga, sero rakakosha rinonzi sero rinopa antigen (APC) rinowana humbowo hwemuvengi (semuenzaniso, chidimbu chevhairasi) rochibatanidza kune chivakwa chinonzi major histocompatibility complex (MHC) . Izvi zvakafanana nekutora mufananidzo wembavha yemapurisa woiisa pabhodhibhodhi. Masero eT haakwanise kuziva muvengi zvakananga, anogona kungozviziva chete kana aratidzwa paMHC iyi.
2. Tevere, sero reT rinopinda robatana neMHC iyi. Asi haasi ese maT cell anogona kubatana neMHC yega yega. Masero eT anouraya (CD8+) anogona kubatana neMHC yerudzi rweI chete. Masero eT anobatsira (CD4+) anogona kubatana neMHC yerudzi rweII chete. Zvakafanana nekufananidza kiyi nekiyi.
3. Kana zvese zvakarongeka nenzira iyi, T cell inotanga kushanda. Ndipo painopinda muhondo. Kurongeka uku kwakakosha zvikuru, nekuti kunoita kuti T cell yakakodzera muvengi iyeye ipinde muhondo.
Masero eT anogadzirwa uye ari kupi mumuviri wedu?
Kutenderera kwehupenyu hwemasero eT kwakaita serwendo rudiki. Pamatanho akasiyana erwendo irworwo, ari munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
- Nzvimbo Yekuzvarwa - Mupfupa: Muviri wakapfava uri mukati memapfupa edu, unonzi mupfupa, ndipo panotanga kukura masero eT. Kufanana nemasero ese eropa, masero eT anotanga semasero eropa .
- Chikoro Chekudzidzisa - Thymus: Masero eT asina kukura (anonzi thymocytes) aya anobva afamba achienda kuthymus, nhengo iri pakati pechipfuva chedu, kuti anodzidziswa. Thymus yakafanana ne "chikoro chekudzidzisa mauto" emasero eT. Pano, anoedzwa kuti aone kana achigona kubatana zvakanaka neMHC uye kwete kurwisa masero edu ane hutano. Apa ndipo paanowanawo "chitupa chavo" - CD4 kana CD8. Masero eT chete anopasa bvunzo idzi ndiwo anoburitswa.
- Minda Yebasa - Lymphatic Tissue neRopa: Masero eT akadzidziswa zvakanaka anobva afamba achienda kuhurongwa hwedu hwelymph, senge spleen, tonsils, uye lymph nodes. Mamwe anotendererawo muropa. Ndiko kwaanogara, achimirira kudanwa kuti aite chimwe chinhu.
Fungidzira, thymus gland yedu yakakura patinenge tiri vadiki, uye inodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma sezvatinokura. Mushure memakore angangoita makumi maviri, kugadzirwa kwemasero matsva eT kunodererawo. Mushure meizvozvo, masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri anonyanya kuvimba nekugadzira makopi emasero ekare eT.
Ndezvipi zvirwere nemamiriro ezvinhu zvinokanganisa masero eT?
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzezvirwere zvinokanganisa mashandiro emasero eT. Izvi zvinogona kuverengerwa sezvirwere zve autoimmune uye zvirwere zve immunodeficiency . Muzvirwere zve autoimmune, masoja emuviri anorwisa masero edu ane hutano zvisirizvo. Zvirwere zve immunodeficiency zvirwere mamiriro ezvinhu umo masoja emuviri anoshaya simba.
Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kukanganisa masero eT zvinosanganisira:
- Acute lymphocytic leukemia: Rudzi rwegomarara rinotanga muropa nemumafupa.
- Hodgkin lymphoma yevakuru:Rudzi rwekenza yeropa inotangira mu lymphatic system.
- T-cell lymphomas: Kenza dzinotanga muT-cells.
- HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus): Utachiona uhwu hunonyanya kurwisa masero edu eT anobatsira (CD4+ T cells). Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuparara kwenzvimbo yekudzivirira muviri, zvichikonzera AIDS.
- DiGeorge syndrome: Chirwere chemajini chinotadzisa muviri kugadzira masero eT ane hutano akakwana.
- Kushomeka kwakanyanya kwemuviri mumuviri (SCID): Boka rezvirwere zvisingawanzoitiki zvemajini umo masoja emuviri asina simba nekuda kwematambudziko emasero eT.
Nhamba yakajairika yemasero eT inofanira kunge iri ipi?
Huwandu hwemasero eT mumunhu mukuru ane hutano ndehwekuti:
- Kuwanda kwemasero eCD4 (anobatsira T): Pakati pe500 - 1,200 masero pa cubic millimeter.
- Kuwanda kwemasero eCD8 (masero eT anouraya): Pakati pe150 - 1,000 masero pa cubic millimeter.
Zvisinei, kukosha uku kunogona kusiyana zvishoma zvichienderana nerabhoritari inoongorora ropa rako. Saka , zvakanaka kutaura nachiremba wako kuti uwane ruzivo rwakanyatsojeka nezve kukosha kuri mumushumo wako.
Zvinorevei kuva nekudzikira kwemasero eT?
Kuwanda kwemasero eT kunoreva kuti masoja emuviri haana simba. Izvi zvinoreva kuti uri nyore kubatwa nehutachiona. Panogona kuva nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoita kuti masero eT ave mashoma. Semuenzaniso, zvirwere zvemajini zviripo pakuzvarwa, zvirwere zvinozouya gare gare, zvakaita seHIV, kana mimwe mishonga (yakadai sekurapa kenza) zvinogonawo kukonzera kuwanda kwemasero eT.
Zvinorevei kuwedzera masero eT?
Kuwanda kwemasero eT hakuwanzoitiki. Zvinowanzoitika kana masoja emuviri achigadzira masero eT akawanda zvekuti haakwanise kurwisa hutachiona mumuviri. Mamwe marudzi egomarara anogonawo kukonzera kuwanda kwemasero eT.
Tingawedzera sei simba remasero edu eT?
Kune mishonga chaiyo kana mishonga inogona kubatsira kusimbisa T-cells, asi inofanira kungotorwa chete pasi pekutarisirwa nachiremba. Taura nachiremba wako nezvazvo. Asi, kunewo zvinhu zvakawanda zvatinogona kuita kuti masoja edu emuviri arambe akasimba. Dzimwe nguva nzira yakanakisa yekudzivirira T-cells edu ndeyekusaashandisa zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti usashandise utachiona zvakanyanya uye kuchengetedza muviri wako zvakanaka.
- Idya chikafu chakanaka uye chakaringana .
- Wana majekiseni ako ese nenguva.
- Dzivisa doro nekusvuta zvachose.
- Rara zvakanaka kwemaawa manomwe kusvika masere husiku hwega hwega.
- Ita maekisesaizi ane mwero kweinenge maminetsi zana nemakumi mashanu pasvondo.
- Nepamunogona napoGeza maoko ako nesipo.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Masero eT akafanana nemasoja ane hunyanzvi mumasoja emuviri wedu anorwisa utachiona nemasero ekenza.
- Masero eT ane chepfu anoparadza vavengi zvakananga, ukuwo masero eT anobatsira achitungamira kurwisa.
- Kuderera kwemasero eT kunoita kuti muviri uve nyore kubatwa nezvirwere. Zvirwere zvakaita seHIV zvinonyanya kukanganisa masero eT anobatsira.
- Kuramba uine mararamiro ane hutano (kudya zvakanaka, kurara zvakanaka, kurovedza muviri) kunogona kuchengetedza masoja emuviri wako akasimba.
- Kana muine zvinokunetsai nezvehuwandu hwemasero eT kana masoja emuviri wenyu, munhu akakodzera kutaura naye nezvazvo ndichiremba wenyu.
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