Ingaba unomhlaza kwinxalenye esezantsi yomqala wakho? Masithethe ngomhlaza we-Hypopharyngeal!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ngomhlaza womphimbo ? Mhlawumbi ukhe wazibuza. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lomhlaza oluvela emqaleni, kodwa olungathethwa kangako ngalo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiHypopharyngeal Cancer . Ngamafutshane, lukhula kwinxalenye esezantsi yomphimbo wethu, oko kukuthi, kwinxalenye esezantsi yomphimbo (`(Pharynx)`), ngokukodwa emva kwebhokisi yelizwi (`(Larynx)`). Makhe sijonge oku ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe, akunjalo?

Ixhaphake kangakanani le mhlaza?

Enyanisweni, lo mhlaza we-hypopharyngeal awuxhaphakanga kangako. Cinga nje, nakwilizwe elifana neMelika, ngabantu abangama-2000 ukuya kuma-4000 kuphela abafunyaniswa benesi sifo ngonyaka. Kodwa ukuba sithelekisa nento efana nomhlaza wemiphunga , elo nani liphantsi kakhulu. Umzekelo, ngo-2023 kuphela, kuthiwa abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amabini amawaka bafunyaniswa benesi sifo eMelika. Oku kuthetha ukuba oku kunqabile kancinci, nto leyo ethetha ukuba akubonwa rhoqo.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza we-hypopharyngeal?

Ingxaki enye apha kukuba lo mhlaza usenokungabonakalisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni . Ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza usenokuba usasazekile (usuqalile ukusasazeka) ngexesha lokuvela kweempawu. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ezibonakala zingabandakanya:

• Umphimbo obuhlungu okanye ukuziva ngathi kukho into ebambeke emqaleni.
• Ukurhawuzela .
• Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya .
• Intlungu yendlebe .
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo entanyeni .
• Ukuphefumla nzima okanye into ebambeke emqaleni ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
• Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu (` Ukudinwa` ).
• Utshintsho lwelizwi .
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ingxolo xa uphefumla (`(Stridor)`).
• Ukukhohlela igazi .
• Ukuba mncane ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ungoyiki ukuba unomhlaza kuba nje unezi mpawu. Kuba ezi mpawu zinokubonakala nakwezinye izifo ezincinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba naziphi na kwezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini, kulungile ukubona ugqirha kwaye ucele ingcebiso.

Kutheni umhlaza we-hypopharyngeal ukhula?

Ngamafutshane, lo mhlaza ukhula kwiiseli ezikwi-hypopharynx yakho (inxalenye yomqala wakho ekwi-throat yakho). Ezi seli ziyaguquka zibe ngumhlaza, zahlule ngokungalawulekiyo kwaye zenze amathumba. Iingcali azinakutsho ngokwenene ukuba kutheni oku kusenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezinobungozi ezinyusa kakhulu amathuba akho okufumana lo mhlaza. Nazi:

• Ukutshaya: Le yeyona nto ibangela umhlaza womqala, kuquka umhlaza ongaphantsi komoya. Oku kuquka iicuba, iicuba, ukutshaya ngepayipi, ukusebenzisa icuba le-elektroniki (`(e-cigarettes)`), ukutshaya icuba, itshungama, kunye necuba lokutshiza.
• Ukusela rhoqo nokusela kakhulu: Ukusela rhoqo nokusela kakhulu kuchazwa njengokusela ngaphezulu kweeyunithi ezimbini zotywala ngosuku kumadoda kunye nangaphezulu kweeyunithi enye ngosuku kubafazi.
• Usulelo lwe-HPV: I-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) sisifo esidluliselwa ngesondo (STI). Sinokusasazwa ngokwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo nomntu onentsholongwane.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokuvela kule meko?

Umhlaza we-hypopharyngeal ungasasazeka uye kwiindawo ze-lymph entanyeni xa usaqala. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha ukuba ubona iqhuma entanyeni yakho. Ukuba awunyangwa, lo mhlaza ungasasazeka uye kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

• Umqala wakho (`(Umqala)`).
• Ezinye iindawo zomqala.
• Indlala yegilo (`(Igilo)`).
• I-Trachea (umphimbo womoya).
• Ithambo le-Hyoid (`(Ithambo le-Hyoid)`).
• Ulwelo lomngxuma wesifuba.
• Izicubu ezijikeleze inxalenye ephezulu yomqolo.
• Umthambo weCarotid (`(umthambo weCarotid)`).

Ufunyaniswa njani lo mhlaza?

Xa ubona ugqirha, uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, ukuba sele unexesha elingakanani unazo, nokuba usebenzisa icuba okanye utywala na, njengoko ezi zinto zinyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza.

Emva koko ugqirha uza kukuxilonga. Uza kukuva intamo yakho ukuze abone ukuba ii-lymph nodes zakho zidumbile na, aze ahlole umqala wakho.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho, ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwingcali yendlebe, impumlo, nomqala (ingcali ye-ENT okanye i-Otolaryngologist). Ingcali ekuxilongeni nasekunyangeni izifo zentloko nentamo. Ingayalela iimvavanyo ezifana nezi:

• I-Endoscopy: Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha ufaka umbhobho omde, obhityileyo (i-endoscope) ezantsi emqaleni wakho ukuze ahlole inxalenye esezantsi yomqala wakho. Uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-laryngoscopy lunokwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ibhokisi yelizwi (i-larynx).
• Uvavanyo lwe-Biopsy (`(Biopsy)`):Ugqirha angayalela i-fine-needle aspiration (FNA) ukuze athathe isampuli yezicubu. Le sampuli yezicubu emva koko ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope yingcali yezifo ukuze kuhlolwe iiseli zomhlaza.
• Uvavanyo lokufota: Ukuba i-biopsy iqinisekisa ukuba unomhlaza ongaphantsi kwe-hypopharyngeal, ingcali yakho ye-ENT iya kukuthumela kwingcali yomhlaza. Ingayalela uvavanyo lokufota ukuze ibone ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ukusuka kwinxalenye esezantsi yomphimbo ukuya kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Ezi zingabandakanya i-CT scan (Computed Tomography), i-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), okanye i-PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography).

Masifunde nangokuba umhlaza ukhula njani kunye nomgangatho wawo.

Ukubeka inqanaba lomhlaza yindlela oogqirha be-oncologists abathetha ngayo ngomhlaza ngokweenkcukacha. Umzekelo, apho ithumba likhoyo, nokuba lisasazekile na, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, apho, okanye nokuba umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Amanqanaba omhlaza we-hypopharyngeal aqala kwiSigaba I – xa umhlaza uphelela kwinxalenye esezantsi yomphimbo kwaye ungasasazekanga – ukuya kwiSigaba IV. ISigaba IV kuxa umhlaza usasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomphimbo nomlomo, umva wempumlo (nasopharynx), isiseko sentloko, kunye nomgca womngxunya wesifuba.

Umhlaza we-Hypopharyngeal nawo uhlelwa ngokwebakala. Ibakala lomhlaza livumela iingcali zomhlaza ukuba ziqikelele ukuba umhlaza uza kusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. La manqanaba aqala kwi-GX (umhlaza unethuba elincinci lokusasazeka) ukuya kwi-G3 (umhlaza unokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba usasazeke).

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Unyango oluqhelekileyo lutyando lokususa ithumba kunye nonyango lwemitha ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo. Ugqirha wakho wezifo zomhlaza angadibanisa utyando kunye ne-chemotherapy okanye i-immunotherapy.

Nazi ezinye iindlela zotyando zomhlaza we-hypopharyngeal:

• Utyando lokususa i-pharyngectomy engaphelelanga okanye epheleleyo: Olu tyando lususa yonke okanye inxalenye yomqala wakho. Oku kungabandakanya notyando olubizwa ngokuba yi-laryngectomy, olususa ibhokisi yelizwi (i-larynx). Ngenxa yokuba umqala wakho ukukunceda uphefumle, kwenziwa i-stoma, okanye ukuvulwa, emva kotyando ukuze kufakwe ityhubhu yokukhupha i-laryngectomy. Uza kuphefumla ngale tube emva kotyando.
• Utyando lweLaryngectomy (`(Utyando lweLaryngectomy)`):Ukuba utyando lwe-laryngectomy, ugqirha wakho angenza umngxuma omncinci (tracheoesophageal puncture – TEP) phakathi komphimbo wakho (trachea) kunye ne-esophagus yakho (umlomo). Kulapho kufakwa khona i-voice prosthesis (isixhobo sokuthetha i-laryngectomy).
• Ukuqhaqha intamo: Ugqirha angenza oku ukuze asuse ii-lymph nodes ezichaphazelekileyo entanyeni.
• Utyando lwerobhothi oluhamba ngomlomo (TORS): Olu tyando luvumela oogqirha ukuba basuse iithumba ezinomhlaza kwiindawo ezinzima ukufikelela kuzo, njengakwinxalenye esezantsi yomphimbo.
• Utyando lokwakha ngokutsha: Emva kotyando lokususa yonke okanye inxalenye yomqala okanye ibhokisi yelizwi, utyando lokwakha ngokutsha lunokufuneka ukuze kubuyiselwe imisebenzi efana nokutya, ukuphefumla, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenzisa isixhobo selizwi.

Utyando lomhlaza womphimbo lunokuchaphazela amandla akho okuthetha, ukutya, nokuphefumla. Ngaphambi kotyando, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba unyango luza kukuchaphazela njani. Umzekelo, ungasebenza nogqirha wezifo zolwimi lokuthetha (Speech-language pathologist) ukuze ufunde iindlela zokulawula naziphi na iingxaki zokuthetha okanye zokuginya ezinokuvela kutyando.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthintela lo mhlaza?

Nangona oku kungenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza we-hypopharyngeal:

• Ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa icuba kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu.
• Ukuyeka ukusebenzisa utywala okanye ukunciphisa umlinganiselo wokusela.
• Zikhusele kwi-HPV ngokugonyelwa intsholongwane ye-HPV nangokuziqhelanisa nesondo esikhuselekileyo.

Ndimele ndilindele ntoni ukuba ndinayo le meko?

Umhlaza we-hypopharyngeal ungabuya (uphinde ubuye) emva konyango. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokufumana uhlobo olutsha lomhlaza kwenye indawo emzimbeni. Oogqirha bathi lo mhlaza "ngowesibini."

Ngoko ke, kuya kufuneka ube nentlanganiso yokulandelela rhoqo ukuze uncede iqela lakho lokhathalelo lomhlaza lijonge impilo yakho iyonke kwaye lijonge iimpawu zokubuyela umva, umhlaza osasazekayo (osasazekileyo) we-hypopharyngeal, okanye umhlaza wesibini. Olu landelelwano lungabandakanya iimvavanyo zomfanekiso kunye novavanyo lomzimba. Ezi ntlanganiso zinokucwangciswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbini kunyaka wokuqala emva konyango.
• Rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezine kunyaka wesibini .
• Rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu kunyaka wesithathu .
• Kanye ngonyaka kunyaka wesine nowesihlanu .
• Kwezinye iimeko, iqela lakho lonyango lomhlaza linokucebisa ukuba uhlolwe ubomi bakho bonke .

Zithini izinga lokusinda?

Xa ucinga ngamazinga okusinda, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba la ngamanani nje asekelwe kumava abanye abaye baba nomhlaza we-hypopharyngeal. La manani ayahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza ukwindawo enye apho waqala khona, usasazeke kwizicubu ezikufutshane nakwii-lymph nodes ('regional'), okanye usasazeke nakwamanye amalungu omzimba ('kude').

Kwakhona, la mazinga anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimpilo yakho iyonke kunye nezinye izinto. Cela ugqirha wakho we-oncologist ukuba akuchazele indlela la mazinga okusinda asebenza ngayo kwimeko yakho. Uyakwazi wena kunye nempilo yakho iyonke, ngoko ke nguye oyena mthombo wolwazi.

Ngaba oku kunganyangwa ngokupheleleyo?

Kwezinye iimeko, umhlaza we-hypopharyngeal unokunyangeka ngotyando kunye nolunye unyango. Oku kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba ithumba lingaphantsi kweesentimitha ezi-2 kwaye alikasasazeka. Nangona kunjalo, okubuhlungu kukuba, abantu abaninzi abanalo mhlaza bafunyanwa xa isifo sikwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba ukhe wenziwa utyando lomphimbo, kuya kufuneka ufunde iindlela ezintsha zokuphefumla nokuthetha. Kungaba lutshintsho olukhulu ekufuneka ulwenze. Ngoko ke, ungaze ungathandabuzi ukucela uncedo kugqirha wakho wezifo zolwimi lokuthetha. Basenokuba neengcebiso zamaqela enkxaso kubantu abachachayo emva kotyando lomphimbo.

Nazi ezinye iindlela onokuzinyamekela ngazo:

• Cinga ngokusinda kumhlaza. Umhlaza we-hypopharyngeal ungabuya, okanye umhlaza wesibini ungavela. Ungaziva uxhalabile ngekamva. Iinkqubo ezininzi zokubuyisela umhlaza ziquka inkxaso yempilo yengqondo.
• Qhubeka nokuphepha ukusebenzisa icuba kwaye unciphise utywala obuselayo.
• Yitya kakuhle. Utyando lomphimbo lunokuchaphazela amandla akho okutya nokusela. Nxibelelana nengcali yesondlo (ingcali yesondlo) ukuze ufumane izicwangciso zokutya kunye neengcebiso. Buza ingcali yakho yentetho kunye nolwimi malunga neendlela zokulawula naziphi na iingxaki ezinokuphazamisana nokutya kakuhle.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimeko yakho kunye nonyango lwakho. Buza iqela lakho lokhathalelo lomhlaza ukuba zeziphi iimpawu okanye iingxaki onokuzilindela, kwaye kufuneka uqhagamshelane nalo nini.

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze i-oncologist?

Xa ubona ugqirha wakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ithini inqanaba lomhlaza wam?
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ozicebisayo?
• Ukuba ndityandwa, zeziphi iinkqubo zenkxaso ezikhoyo zokundinceda ndijongane notshintsho olunokubangelwa lutyando?
• Unyango luza kuyichaphazela njani impilo yam?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimvavanyo zeklinikhi endifanelekelayo?

Izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule ngokufutshane

Umhlaza we-Hypopharyngeal sisifo esisongela ubomi. Ngelishwa, udla ngokufunyaniswa emva kokuba umhlaza usasazekile. Kwimeko enjalo, kusenokufuneka wenze utyando olukhulu uze emva koko wenze utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela ophila ngayo kwaye ube phantsi kweliso likagqirha ubomi bakho bonke.

Ukuba unalo mhlaza, uya kukhululeka kukwazi ukuba wonke umntu kwiqela lakho lokhathalelo lomhlaza uzinikele ekukuncedeni. Baza kukunceda uqonde ukuxilongwa kwakho kunye neendlela zonyango. Baza kukuxhasa njengoko ufunda ukuphila notshintsho olunokuziswa lunyango lomhlaza. Ungaze ungathandabuzi ukucela uncedo lwabo. Kungcono rhoqo ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ukuba unesifo somqala esibuhlungu, ubunzima bokuginya, okanye utshintsho kwilizwi lakho oluhlala iiveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini.