Khawucinge nje, utata wakho, umyeni wakho, okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe... Ngequbuliso indlela yakhe yokuziphatha itshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Umntu owayekade enobubele kwaye enobuhlobo nabantu ngoku uthetha izinto ezibuhlungu kwabanye, kwaye uziphethe ngendlela engafanelekanga eluntwini. Usenokucinga ukuba olu luhlobo oluthile lwengxaki yengqondo, mhlawumbi into efana nokudakumba. Kodwa, oku kungaba yinto eyahlukileyo, imeko enxulumene nengqondo. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko ebangela utshintsho olunjalo, eyahlukileyo kwisifo sika-Alzheimer, kodwa abantu abaninzi abangazi ngayo. Leyo yi-Frontotemporal Dementia, okanye i-FTD.
Yintoni iFrontotemporal Dementia (FTD)?
Ngamafutshane, i-FTD yimeko eyenzeka xa umonakalo usenzeka kwiindawo zangaphambili nezexeshana zobuchopho bethu. La ngamalungu alawula ubuntu bethu, ukuziphatha kwethu, kunye nolwimi. Ngoko ke xa la malungu onakele, iimpawu zidlula ukulahleka kwenkumbulo. Ukuziphatha komntu, indlela athetha ngayo, indlela aqonda ngayo amagama, kwaneentshukumo zomzimba wakhe zinokutshintsha.
Nangona i-FTD ingaziwa kakhulu njenge-Alzheimer's, phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-20% yabantu abane-dementia banohlobo oluthile lwe-FTD. Inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kubomi kuba ingaqala kwangethuba kunezinye iintlobo ze-dementia, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kweminyaka engama-45 kunye nama-60 .
Ngenxa yeempawu zokuqala, ezinje ngokuba nenkani, ukungabi nabubele, okanye ukwenza izinto ngendlela engafanelekanga, idla ngokuthathwa njengesifo sengqondo. Esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba i-FTD idla ngokulibaziseka ekuqaleni. Ugqirha wakho usenokuyibiza ngokuba sisifo sikaPick.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-FTD?
I-FTD inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezininzi eziphambili ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu eziqala ukubonakala. Ukuze sikuqonde kakuhle oku, makhe sijonge le theyibhile.
| Uhlobo lwe-FTD | Iimpawu eziphambili ezibonakalayo |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo olungaphambili | Utshintsho olukhulu kubuntu nakwindlela yokuziphatha, njengokuba nenkani nokungabi nazintloni. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-FTD. |
| Uhlobo oluchaphazela intetho nolwimi (i-Primary Progressive Aphasia) | Kukho amacandelo amabini aphambili apha: - Ubunzima bokuthetha (i-aphasia eqhubekayo engathethiyo): Ubunzima bokubumba amagama. - Ubunzima bokuqonda amagama (i-Semantic dementia): Ukulibala intsingiselo yamagama, ukungakwazi ukubona ubuso nezinto . |
| Iintlobo ezichaphazela intshukumo yomzimba | Ezi azibonwa rhoqo. - I-FTD-ALS: Kwimeko enjalo, kunye neempawu ze-FTD, iimpawu zesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), esenza buthathaka izihlunu zomzimba, nazo ziyavela. - Iimpawu ze-FTD ezifana neParkinsonian: Iimpawu ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson, ezifana nokungcangcazela kunye nokuqina. I-Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) yenye yezi meko. |
Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokubakho ze-FTD?
Iimpawu ze-FTD ziyahluka kumntu nomntu. Ziya ziba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Makhe sijonge ezi mpawu phantsi kweendidi ezahlukeneyo.
Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha
- Ukungahloniphi ekuhlaleni: Uthetha into esengqondweni yakho ngaphandle kweentloni. Uxelela abanye izinto ezibuhlungu, udla ngokusondela kakhulu kwabanye.
- Ukulahlekelwa luvelwano: Ukungakwazi ukuqonda iimvakalelo zabanye abantu. Kusenokubonakala ngathi umntu akanamdla.
- Ukungakhathali: Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla okanye ukuxhalabela izinto obukade uzonwabela.
- Ukuphinda-phinda izinto ezifanayo: Ukwenza izinto ezinje ngokuqhwaba izandla, ukuluma imilebe, njl. Ukuphinda amagama nezandi ezifanayo.
- Ukungawunaki ucoceko lomntu: ukungahlambi amazinyo okanye ukuhlamba.
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokutya: Ukutya iilekese ezininzi ngaxeshanye, ngamanye amaxesha uzama ukutya izinto ezingakulungelanga.
Umahluko kwintetho nolwimi
- Kunzima ukufumana amagama afanelekileyo xa uthetha.
- Amagama aphelelwa yintsingiselo yawo.
- Uthetha ngezivakalisi ezilula kakhulu nezimfutshane.
- Ngamanye amaxesha izinto ezithethwayo zisenokungabi nantsingiselo.
Utshintsho kwintshukumo yomzimba
- Ubunzima bokushukumisa amehlo.
- Ukungcangcazela komzimba, ukushukuma kwemisipha.
- Ukuqina komzimba.
- Ukungakwazi ukulawula umzimba.
- Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya.
- Ibali liyadida.
- Ndiza kuwa, kuza kuba nzima ukuhamba.
Ngokukodwa, ukuma kwabantu abane-Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), enxulumene ne-FTD, kwahlukile kwabo bane-Parkinson's. Ngelixa izigulane ze-Parkinson zigobile phambili, abantu abane-PSP bama ngokuthe nkqo okanye begobile ngasemva. Oku kubenza babe namathuba amaninzi okuwela ngasemva.
Ziziphi izizathu kunye nezinto ezibangela umngcipheko we-FTD?
Njengoko iiseli zobuchopho (ii-neurons) zisifa kubantu abane-FTD, iindawo ezithile zobuchopho ziyancipha. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba oku kubangelwa ngumsebenzi ongaqhelekanga weeproteni ezithile eziveliswa yimizimba yethu. Ngokukodwa, lo monakalo ubangelwa kukuqokelelwa kweeproteni ezimbini ezingaqhelekanga ezibizwa ngokuba yi-tau kunye ne -TDP-43 engqondweni.
Malunga nama-40% ezigulane ze-FTD zinembali yentsapho yesi sifo . Oku kuthetha ukuba sisenokuba sisifo semfuza. Ukongeza, ezinye izinto zinokunyusa umngcipheko:
- Ukwenzakala okukhulu entloko: Oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-FTD malunga nezihlandlo ezithathu.
- Isifo se-thyroid: Oku kwandisa umngcipheko ngokuphindwe kabini.
Ifunyaniswa njani i-FTD?
Kunokuba nzima ukuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo i-FTD kuba iimpawu zayo zinokufana nezinye izifo, ezifana neParkinson's, Alzheimer's, depression, kunye ne -schizophrenia .
Ngoko ke, ukuba ubona olu hlobo lotshintsho olungaqhelekanga nolungachazekiyo kwindlela umntu osondeleyo kuwe aziphatha ngayo, musa ukulutyeshela. Ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha.
Ugqirha uza kubuza ngembali yosapho lwakho kwaye angayalela uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze aqinisekise ukuba akukho ezinye izifo. Bahlala bekuthumelela kwingcali yezifo zengqondo. Uza kuvavanya izinto ezifana nokulinganisela kwakho, ukusabela, inkumbulo, kunye nezakhono zokucinga. Uvavanyo olufana nolu lunokuyalelwa ukuqinisekisa i-FTD:
- I-CT scan: Umfanekiso oneenkcukacha ze-X-ray wobuchopho.
- I-MRI scan: Isebenzisa iimagnethi kunye namaza erediyo ukuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo yobuchopho.
- Iskeni ye-FDG-PET: Into ene-radioactive ifakwa ngemithambo yegazi ukuze kubonwe ukuba iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho zisebenza kangakanani.
- I-EEG (i-electroencephalogram): Ukulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wengqondo.
- I-Spine tap: Uvavanyo lolwelo olujikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-Neuropsychological: Uvavanyo olulinganisa izakhono zengqondo ezifana nenkumbulo, ubuchule bolwimi, kunye nobuchule bokuqiqa lulinganiswa ngemibuzo, ukuzoba imifanekiso, kunye nokusombulula iiphazili.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-FTD?
Ngelishwa, akukho nyango okanye unyango lwe-FTD. Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo se-Alzheimer awasebenzi kwi-FTD. Kwezinye iimeko, la mayeza anokwenza iimpawu zibe zimbi ngakumbi.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho amayeza kunye nonyango olunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu:
- Amayeza okudakumba: Lawula iingxaki zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha.
- Ii-Antipsychotics: Nangona zinokunceda ekulawuleni iingxaki ezinkulu zokuziphatha, zinokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu. Ezi zisetyenziswa kuphela phantsi kweliso elibukhali likagqirha.
- Unyango lokuthetha: Uncedo kwiingxaki zonxibelelwano.
Ukuhlala nokunyamekela i-FTD
Esi sifo singumngeni omkhulu kumguli nakusapho. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna uncedo kugqirha onolwazi olupheleleyo ngesi sifo kwangoko nje ukuba sixilongwe.
Ukuba ungumnakekeli womntu one-FTD...
Olu hambo lunokuba ludinisa kakhulu kumntu onyamekela umntu. Nazi ezinye izinto ezinokukunceda:
- Gcina idayari: Qaphela utshintsho kwindlela umguli aziphethe ngayo kunye nezinto ezibangela oko. Oku kunokukunceda uphephe iimeko ezinengxaki.
- Misela inkqubo eqhelekileyo: Izinto ezinje ngokutya nokuhlamba ngaxeshanye zinokunika isiqabu kwisigulana.
- Chazela abanye ngemeko: Yazisa iindwendwe kunye nezalamane ngemeko yesigulana kwangaphambili.
- Cinga nawe: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ungamnyamekela kakuhle umguli kuphela ukuba uphilile ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo. Yitya kakuhle, ulale kakuhle, kwaye uzilolonge. Fumana uncedo komnye umntu ukuze akunike ikhefu (ukhathalelo lokuphumla).
- Cwangcisa ikamva: Ekuhambeni kwexesha, isigulana siya kufuna unyango oluhlala iiyure ezingama-24. Oku kunokufuna unyango olukwikhaya labalupheleyo. Kubalulekile ukuceba kwangaphambili oku.
Umyinge wobomi emva kokufunyaniswa une-FTD umalunga neminyaka eyi-7.5. Ukufa kunokwenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yeengxaki zesifo kunangenxa yesifo ngokwaso. Umzekelo, i-pneumonia ngenxa yobunzima bokuginya yeyona nto ibangela ukufa.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) sisifo esichaphazela kakhulu indlela yokuziphatha, ubuntu, kunye nentetho endaweni yenkumbulo.
- Oku kunokuqala ebantwaneni (iminyaka engama-45-60) kune-Alzheimer's.
- Nangona kungekho nyango luthile lwe-FTD, kukho unyango kunye namaqhinga okulawula iimpawu nokwenza ubomi bube lula.
- Ukuba ubona utshintsho olukhawulezileyo nolungachazekiyo kwindlela yokuziphatha komnye umntu kusapho lwakho, musa ukulutyeshela. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela impilo yomzimba neyengqondo yesigulana, kunye nomnakekeli wakho.
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