Ngaba ukhathazekile ngamasende akho? Masithethe ngomhlaza wamasende ngaphandle koloyiko!

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko esinobuzaza kancinci, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu. Loo mhlaza wamasende. Xa usiva eli gama, usenokuba noloyiko oluncinci kwaye ukhathazeke. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungaphakuzeli, kuba ukuba nolwazi olufanelekileyo ngale nto kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu.

Yintoni umhlaza wamasende?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wamasende kukukhula kweeseli ezinobungozi kwelinye okanye, ngokungaqhelekanga, kuzo zombini iisende zakho. Njengoko usazi, iisende zii-glands ezimbini ezincinci ezinobukhulu be-walnut emadodeni. Zivelisa isidoda kunye ne-hormone testosterone . Zifumaneka kwisingxobo sesikhumba esingaphantsi kwepenis, ebizwa ngokuba yi-scrotum. Njengayo nayiphi na eminye umhlaza, umhlaza wamasende sisifo esibi kakhulu. Kodwa ngethamsanqa, sisifo esinokunyangwa kakhulu. Ngoko ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngaso ngakumbi.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zalo mhlaza?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zomhlaza wamasende. Uninzi lwexesha, malunga nama-90% amatyala, la mhlaza avela kwiiseli zentsholongwane ezingaphakathi kwamasende. Ezi seli zentsholongwane luhlobo lweseli oluya kuba yindoda kamva. Ezi seli ziyahlangana ukuze zenze ithumba. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:

• I-Seminoma: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza olukhula kancinci . Luxhaphake kakhulu kumadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-50 ubudala.
• I-Non-seminoma: Olu hlobo lukhula ngokukhawuleza kune-seminoma. Ichaphazela kakhulu abantu abancinci, abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 nengama-30. Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezine ze-non-seminoma. Ngayinye ithiywe ngohlobo lweseli yentsholongwane eyenza umhlaza . Imizekelo ibandakanya i-embryonal carcinoma , i-yolk sac carcinoma , i-choriocarcinoma , kunye ne -teratoma .

Ngamanye amaxesha zombini iintlobo zeeseli (iiSeminoma kunye neeNon-seminoma cells) zinokubakho kumhlaza omnye.

Uxhaphake kangakanani umhlaza wamasende?

Umhlaza wamasende awuqhelekanga kangako . Uchaphazela indoda enye kuphela kuma-250 anamasende. Nangona kunjalo, lolona hlobo lomhlaza luxhaphakileyo kumadoda aphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 nengama-35 ubudala. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abo bakwelo qela leminyaka baqaphele loo nto.

Zithini iimpawu? Ufanele wenze ntoni xa uzibona ezi?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zomhlaza wamasende. Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi, musa ukoyika uye kugqirha.

• Uphawu oluqhelekileyo sisiqhuma esingenabuhlungu okanye ukudumba kwi -testicle .
• Ukudumba okanye ukuqokelelana kolwelo ngequbuliso kwisinqe sempumlo .
• Iqhuma okanye ukudumba kwelinye okanye omabini amasende.
• Ukuziva ubunzima kwindawo yesinqe.
• Intlungu ebuhlungu esinqeni okanye esisezantsi kwesisu.
• Intlungu okanye ukungakhululeki kwisinqe okanye kwisende.
• Ukuwohloka kwamasende.

Khumbula, ezi mpawu zinokuvela nakwezinye iimeko zonyango. Ngoko ke musa ukucinga ukuba ngumhlaza ngoko nangoko. Nangona kunjalo, kusoloko kububulumko ukubona ugqirha ukuze ahlolwe. Okukhona uxilongo lusenzeka kade, kokukhona amathuba okuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke, kwaye kokukhona unyango lunokuba nzima ngakumbi.

Kutheni le nto lo mhlaza wamasende usenzeka?

Abaphandi abakayazi kakuhle into ebangela umhlaza wamasende. Okwenzekayo koku: Iiseli ezihlala zahlukana kwaye zikhula ngequbuliso ziqala ukwahlukana ngesantya esingalawulekiyo. Ekugqibeleni, ezi seli ziyadibana zenze ithumba. Uninzi lwexesha , iiseli zentsholongwane esithethe ngazo ngaphambili ziba ngumhlaza.

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko? Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana esi sifo?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana umhlaza wamatyhalarha. Ezi zinto sizibiza ngokuba yi "Risk Factors" (Iingozi) `` . Ukuba nezi zinto zomngcipheko akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza, kodwa amathuba okuba nawo aphezulu kancinci.

• Ubudala: Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 nengama-35 ubudala.
• Amasende Angaphumi: Ngokwesiqhelo, amasende akhula esiswini xa umntwana ekwisibeleko. Ngaphambi kokuzalwa, ehla aye kwi-scrotum. Eli ligama elinikwa amasende angakhange ehle. Oku kunokufuna utyando. Amadoda azelwe nale meko asengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wamasende kamva ebomini, nokuba sele etyandiwe.
• Uhlanga kunye nobuhlanga: Oku kuxhaphake kancinci phakathi kwabamhlophe abangengabo amaHispanic eMelika naseYurophu.
• Imbali yosapho : Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho (utata, umnakwenu) okhe waba nalo mhlaza, unethuba elincinci lokuba nawo ube nawo. Kwakhona, ezinye izifo zemfuza ezifana neKlinefelter SyndromeIimeko zinokwandisa umngcipheko. Ukuba umhlaza uvela kwelinye i-testicle, amathuba okuba uvele kwelinye aphezulu.
• Ukungazali : Ezinye izinto ezibangela ukungazali kwamadoda kucingelwa ukuba zinxulumene nokukhula komhlaza wamatyhalarha, kodwa uphando oluthe kratya luyadingeka ngale nto.

Sifunyaniswa njani esi sifo?

Ukuba uneempawu, okanye ukuba ubona into eyahlukileyo ngexesha lokuzihlola (siza kuthetha ngaloo nto kamva), oogqirha bazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ngumhlaza wamasende? Ngamanye amaxesha unokubonwa ngexesha lovavanyo lwezonyango oluqhelekileyo. Uvavanyo oluphambili oluye lwenziwa zezi:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali yezonyango: Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze akuhlole ngononophelo. Uza kuchukumisa ngakumbi amasende ukuze ajonge amaqhuma kunye nee-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo (ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na).
• I-Ultrasound: Ukuba ugqirha wakho ubona into engaqhelekanga, mhlawumbi uya kuyalela i-ultrasound. Olu luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu olusebenzisa amaza esandi anamandla aphezulu ukuthatha imifanekiso yezicubu ezingaphakathi emzimbeni wakho.
• Utyando lwe-Inguinal Orchiectomy kunye neBiopsy: Ukuba i-ultrasound ibonisa ubungqina bomhlaza, ugqirha uya kwenza umngxuma omncinci entlango aze asuse i-testicle echaphazelekayo. Ingcali iya kuthatha izicubu kwi-testicle esusiweyo ize izihlole phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ibone ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy.

Ezinye iimvavanyo

Ukongeza koku, ezinye iimvavanyo zinokwenziwa:

• Uvavanyo lweSerum Tumor Marker: Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli yegazi nokulinganisa amanqanaba ezinto ezithile ezinokuphakanyiswa egazini ngokunxulumene neentlobo ezithile zomhlaza. Ezi zinto zibizwa ngokuba zii-tumor markers . Ezona markers zixhaphakileyo eziphakanyiswayo kumhlaza wamasende yi -alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) , i-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG okanye i-beta-HCG) , kunye ne -lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) . Ezi markers zinokuphakanyiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza. Umzekelo, kwi-seminoma, i-HCG inokuphakama kodwa i-AFP ayinakuphakama. Kwi-non-seminoma, i-AFP inokuphakama, kodwa hayi i-HCG. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-LDH anokubonisa nokuba umhlaza usasazekile na.
• Ii-CT scans/CAT scans, ii-X-rays kunye nee-MRIs:I-CT scan isebenzisa ii-X-reyi ukuthatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. I-CT scan yesisu sakho kunye ne-pelvis ingenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwizitho ezikufutshane. I-CT scan okanye i-X-reyi eqhelekileyo ingenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na emiphungeni yakho. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwinkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo (ingqondo kunye nomqolo), i-MRI inokwenziwa. I-MRI isebenzisa amasimi emagnethi kunye namaza erediyo ukuthatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi yomzimba wakho.

Zithini izigaba zomhlaza?

Inxalenye yokuxilonga isifo kukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza (Cancer Staging) . Eli nqanaba libonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo, njengobungakanani bethumba kunye nokuba umhlaza usasazeke na. Likwachaza nohlobo lonyango.

• Inqanaba 0: Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zikhulile, kodwa zisengaphakathi kwamasende apho iiseli zesidoda ziqala ukwakheka khona. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yiGerm Cell Neoplasia In Situ (GCNIS) .
• Inqanaba lokuQala: Umhlaza uphelela kwi-testicle. Usenokuba usasazeke kwimithambo yegazi okanye ye-lymph ekufutshane. Iimpawu ze-tumor zisenokuphakama okanye zingaphakamanga.
• Inqanaba lesiBini: Umhlaza usasazeke kwi-lymph nodes ngasemva kwesisu (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Retroperitoneum"), kodwa awusasazeki kwenye indawo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza ukho kwi-lymph nodes kwaye iimpawu ze-tumor ziphakathi okanye ziphezulu kakhulu, uhlelwa njengenqanaba lesiThathu endaweni yenqanaba lesiBini.
• Inqanaba lesi-3: Umhlaza usasazeke kwi-lymph nodes ezingaphandle kwesisu okanye kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge unyango lomhlaza wamatyhalarha. Unyango luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka impilo yakho, izinto ozikhethayo, inqanaba lomhlaza, kunye nohlobo lomhlaza. Ngenxa yokuba i-seminoma ikhula kancinci kwaye isabela kakuhle kunyango lwemitha, inokunyangeka ngendlela eyahlukileyo kune-non-seminoma. Nangona kunjalo, zombini ezi ntlobo zisabela kakuhle kwi-chemotherapy. Ukuba umhlaza uneeseli ezivela kwi-seminoma nakwi-non-seminoma, oogqirha bawubiza ngokuba yi-non-seminoma. Unyango oluphambili zezi:

Utyando

Ukususwa kwe-testicle enomhlaza ngotyando lolona nyango luqhelekileyo . Oku kwenziwa nokuba inqanaba okanye uhlobo lomhlaza lithini na. Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha wakho unokususa ii-lymph nodes zakho.

• I-Orchiectomy ye-Inguinal engaqhelekanga:Oku kuquka ukususa i-testicle enomhlaza. Isetyenziselwa zombini i-seminoma kunye ne-non-seminoma. Ugqirha wenza i-incision nge-groin aze asuse i-testicle enomhlaza. Kwangaxeshanye, imithambo yegazi kunye nezicubu ze-lymphatic ziyavalwa ukuze umhlaza ungasasazeki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
• Ukuqhaqha i-Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND): Ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba kunye nohlobo lomhlaza, ugqirha wakho angenza olu tyando. Luhlala lwenziwa kumhlaza ongengowe-seminoma. Kule nkqubo, ugqirha wakho wenza isikere esiswini sakho aze asuse ii-lymph nodes ezingasemva kwamalungu akho esisu. I-RPLND ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza kunye nokumisela inqanaba lomhlaza.

Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke waya emiphungeni okanye esibindini, kunokwenziwa utyando lokususa ezo thumba.

Unyango lweMisebe

Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa ii-X-reyi ezinedosi ephezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango lunokunikwa emva kotyando ukuze umhlaza ungabuyi. Luhlala lunikwa rhoqo kwi-seminoma.

Unyango ngamakhemikhali

Oku kusebenzisa amayeza anjengeCisplatin , Bleomycin, kunye ne-Etoposide ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. I-Chemotherapy iphucule kakhulu amazinga okusinda kwabaguli be-seminoma kunye nabangengabo i-seminoma. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza, i-chemotherapy inokunikwa endaweni yotyando. Isenokunikwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwe-radical inguinal orchiectomy (RPLND) okanye emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-radical inguinal orchiectomy (Radical Inguinal Orchiectomy). I-Chemotherapy ikwasetyenziswa ukuba umhlaza uphinde wavela emva konyango.

Ngaba umhlaza wamasende ungathintelwa? (Ukuzihlola kwamasende - TSE)

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo umhlaza wamatyhalarha. Nangona kunjalo, ungenza uvavanyo lwakho lwamatyhalarha (TSE) ukujonga naluphi na utshintsho kumatyhalarha akho. Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Ukuba ubona naziphi na iziqwenga, amaqhuma, okanye ubulukhuni kumatyhalarha akho, okanye ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kumatyhalarha akho, xelela ugqirha wakho. Uninzi loogqirha bacebisa ukuba wenze olu vavanyo lwakho ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga .

Uyenza njani i-testicular self-examination (TSE)?

Kulungile, ngoko ke ulwenza njani uvavanyo lokuzihlola amasende ngendlela eyiyo (TSE)? Kuthatha malunga nemizuzu emibini kuphela. Landela la manyathelo:

• Yenza olu vavanyo emva kokuhlamba okanye ukuhlamba okushushu. Ubushushu buya kukhulula ulusu lwesinqe, kwenze kube lula ukuva nantoni na engaqhelekanga.
• Sebenzisa izandla zombini ukuhlola i-testicle enye. Beka iminwe yakho yokwalathisa neyesiphakathi phantsi kwe-testicle uze ubhontsi wakho uphezulu.
• Yiva i-testicle nganye ngokuyijika phakathi kwesithupha sakho neminye iminwe emibini.
• Ziqhelanise noko uzivayo ngokuqhelekileyo. Xa uchukumisa i-testicle nganye, uya kuziva into efana nomtya phezulu nangasemva kwayo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-epididymis . Kulapho kugcinwa khona isidoda kwaye sithuthwa khona. Musa ukubhidanisa oku neqhuma. Kuqhelekile ukuba ama-testicle amabini ahluke kancinci ngobukhulu. Nangona ama-testicle asekhohlo nasekunene anokwahluka ngobukhulu, i-testicle nganye kufuneka ibe nobukhulu obufanayo ngokubanzi.
• Khangela naziphi na izigaqa. Izigaqa zingaba naphi na ukusuka kubukhulu be-pea ukuya kubukhulu, kwaye uninzi lwexesha azibuhlungu. Ukuba ufumana isigaqa, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba ubona utshintsho kubungakanani bamasende akho, okanye ukuba uziva iqhuma, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Kukwangumbono olungileyo ukuba uhlolwe umzimba ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka.

Ithini ingqikelelo?

Ithini i-prognosis yomhlaza wamatyhalarha? Ilungile kakhulu . Olu hlobo lomhlaza lunokunyangeka ngempumelelo kwiimeko ezingaphezu kwama-95%. Kwanabo baneengxaki ezingathandekiyo, kukho amathuba angama-50% okuphila. Ngoko ke, ezi ziindaba ezimnandi ngokwenene.

Ngaba umhlaza wamasende unganyangeka?

Ewe, umhlaza wamatyhalarha sisifo esinokunyangeka . Nangona ukufunyanwa unomhlaza kusoloko kuyinto eyoyikisayo, iindaba ezimnandi malunga nomhlaza wamatyhalarha kukuba unokunyangeka ngempumelelo kwi-95% yamatyala. Ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye unyangwa, izinga lokunyangwa linyuka liye kwi-98%.

Ngaba oku kungabulala?

Umhlaza wamatyhalarha unokubulala, kodwa awuqhelekanga . Nangona kunjalo, ukufunyaniswa kwesi sifo kwangethuba kunempembelelo enkulu kumathuba akho okuchacha . Okukhona ubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza kwaye uxilongwe, kokukhona amathuba akho okuphila ungenawo umhlaza angcono.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango? (Ubomi bokwabelana ngesondo, ukuzala)

Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwinkanuko yabo yokwabelana ngesondo kunye nokuzala emva kokususwa kwesende. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba nesende elinye kwanele ukugcina amanqanaba akho eehomoni esempilweni kwaye ugcine inkanuko yakho yokwabelana ngesondo. Kufanele ukwazi ukwenza isondo (ukuma) kunye nokuphuma kolwelo. Kwezinye iimeko, amadoda asuswe ipenis yawo asenokuba ne-erection, kodwa asenokuba nobunzima bokuphuma kolwelo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nayo nayiphi na ingozi enokubakho ngenxa yonyango. Ukuba ukhathazekile malunga nokuzala kwakho, i-sperm banking , egcina isidoda sakho ukuze sisetyenziswe kamva, inokuba lukhetho olufanelekileyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwelinye okanye omabini amasende akho, ungalibazisi ukuya kugqirha. Abantu abaninzi bazama ukuphepha okanye ukulibazisa ukuvavanywa kwabo kwangasese. Kodwa xa kufikwa kumhlaza, ixesha libaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza onalo, umhlaza wamasende unokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba unyango luqalwe kwangethuba.

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngokwezinto esisandula ukuthetha ngazo, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule zezi:

• Umhlaza wamatyhalarha sisifo esinokunyangwa kakhulu ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-testicular self-examination (TSE) nyanga nganye. Ukuba ubona naziphi na iziqwenga, ukudumba, iintlungu, okanye utshintsho kubungakanani, ungoyiki okanye ube neentloni, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Nokuba kukho iimpawu, aziyiyo yonke into eza kuba ngumhlaza. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa.
• Kukho unyango olufumanekayo, kwaye izinga lokunyangwa liphezulu.
• Awuwedwa. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo noogqirha bakho ngale nto. Baza kukunika inkxaso nolwazi oludingayo.

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukunyamekela umzimba wakho yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza ukuze uhlale usempilweni!