Izinto ekufuneka uzazi malunga nomhlaza we-thyroid

Ngaba wakha weva ngomhlaza we-thyroid ? Mhlawumbi umhlobo okanye ilungu losapho lakhe lakha lanesi sifo. Okanye usenokuba usibonile kwiphephandaba okanye kwi-intanethi. Nangona ligama eloyikisayo kancinci, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uliqonde kakuhle. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni umhlaza we-thyroid, indlela okhula ngayo, zithini iimpawu, kunye nonyango. Ungakhathazeki, ndicinga ukuba oku kuya kukunika ukuqonda okuhle.

Yintoni i-thyroid gland kunye nomhlaza we-thyroid?

Ngamafutshane, i-thyroid gland yindlala encinci, efana nebhabhathane efumaneka ezantsi kwentamo yakho. Ibaluleke kakhulu kuba ivelisa iihomoni ezilawula indlela umzimba wakho osebenzisa ngayo amandla, okanye imetabolism . Ezi homoni zikwanceda ekulawuleni ubushushu bomzimba , uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nesantya sentliziyo .

Ngoko ke, umhlaza we-thyroid kuxa iiseli kwi-thyroid gland ziqala ukukhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga nangokungalawulekiyo. Uhluzwa njengomhlaza we-endocrine. Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, luhlobo lomhlaza olunyangekayo nolunyangekayo . Izinga lokunyangwa nalo liphezulu kakhulu.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le ntsholongwane ye-thyroid?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba bangaphi abantu abachaphazeleka yile nto. Ukuba ujonga idatha eMelika, malunga namatyala amatsha angama-53,000 omhlaza we-thyroid afunyanwa minyaka le. Oko kuthetha ukuba ayinqabile kangako. Kodwa njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, uninzi lweentlobo zomhlaza we-thyroid ziyanyangeka kakhulu . Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba malunga nabantu abangama-2,000 bayafa ngenxa yesi sifo minyaka le.

Enye into kukuba abafazi banamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuba nomhlaza we-thyroid kunamadoda. Ngokuqhelekileyo ufunyaniswa kubafazi abakwiminyaka yabo yama-40 nama-50, nakumadoda akwiminyaka yabo yama-60 nama-70. Musa ukumangaliswa, ngamanye amaxesha nabantwana abancinci banokuba nesi sifo.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zomhlaza we-thyroid?

Oogqirha bahlula umhlaza we-thyroid ngokweentlobo zeeseli apho umhlaza uvela khona. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili:

• I-Papillary carcinoma : Olu hlobo lubandakanya malunga nama-80 ekhulwini azo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza we-thyroid. Ikhula kancinci kakhulu. I-Papillary carcinoma isabela kakuhle kunyango, nokuba isasazeka kwi-lymph nodes entanyeni. Oku kuthetha ukubaAmathuba okuphiliswa aphezulu kakhulu, kwaye umngcipheko wokwenzakala ebomini uphantsi kakhulu.
• Umhlaza we-Follicular: Olu hlobo lubandakanya malunga ne-15 ekhulwini lomhlaza we-thyroid. Kunokwenzeka ukuba usasazeke emathanjeni nakwizitho zangaphakathi, njengemiphunga. Xa sele usasazekile, kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukunyanga ( umhlaza osasazekayo ).
• Umhlaza weMedullary: Olu hlobo lubandakanya malunga neepesenti ezi-2 zomhlaza we-thyroid. Malunga nekota yabantu abanomhlaza we-medullary banembali yosapho lwabo yesi sifo. Oku kuthetha ukuba utshintsho lwemfuza lunokuba yimbangela.
• I-Anaplastic carcinoma: Olu lolona hlobo lunzima nolunobundlongondlongo ukunyanga . Lukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye lusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwizicwili ezingqongileyo nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, aluqhelekanga kakhulu, lubangela malunga neepesenti ezi-2 zomhlaza we-thyroid.

Zimiselwa njani izigaba zomhlaza we-thyroid?

Oogqirha basebenzisa indlela yokubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani, ebizwa ngokuba ziinqanaba zomhlaza. Ngokwesiqhelo, xa iiseli zomhlaza we-thyroid zisasazeka (zisasazeka) kuqala kwiithishu ezikufutshane nakwii-lymph nodes. Emva koko zinokusasazeka ziye kwii-lymph nodes ezikude, amalungu omzimba kunye namathambo.

Kukho amanqanaba omhlaza we-thyroid, ukusuka kwisinye (I) ukuya kwesine (IV). Ngamafutshane, okukhona inani liphezulu, kokukhona umhlaza usasazeka kakhulu. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngale nto, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho.

Ziziphi iimpawu ezilumkisayo zomhlaza we-thyroid?

Wena okanye ugqirha wakho nisenokuva iqhuma okanye ukukhula okuncinci entanyeni yenu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yiqhuma le-thyroid. Kodwa akufanele na ukhathazeke kukubakho kweqhuma? Uninzi lwala maqhuma alunamhlaza (alunabungozi) . Ngokomyinge, malunga namaqhuma amathathu kwangama-20 e-thyroid anomdla (anobungozi).

Kusenokubakho nezinye iimpawu:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuginya .
• Ukutshintsha kwelizwi, ukurhawuzelela .
• Ii-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo entanyeni.

Zithini iimpawu ukuba umhlaza usasazekile?

Ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza we-thyroid ungasasazeka (usasazeka) uye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha.
• Ukutya akunancasa .
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ukuba mncane ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Zithini izizathu zomhlaza we-thyroid?

Iingcali aziqinisekanga ukuba kutheni ezinye iiseli ziba yingozi kwaye zihlasele i-thyroid gland. Nangona kunjalo, kufunyenwe ezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko. Umzekelo, ukuchatshazelwa yimitha, ukutya okune-iodine encinci, kunye nezinye izinto zemfuza.

Nazi ezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko:

• Ukwanda kwe-thyroid gland (i-goiter).
• Ukuba nembali yosapho yesifo se-thyroid okanye umhlaza we-thyroid.
• I-Thyroiditis kukudumba kwe-thyroid gland.
• Izifo ze-endocrine zibangelwa ziinguqu ezithile zezakhi zofuzo. Umzekelo, iimeko ezifana ne-Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) okanye uhlobo lwe-2B (MEN2B).
• Ukungabikho kwe-iodine eyaneleyo ekutyeni.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu (i-Body Mass Index ephezulu).
• Ndifumene unyango lwemitha yomhlaza wentloko nentamo, ingakumbi ngexesha lobuntwana.
• Ukuchanabeka kwizinto ezinemitha ephuma kwizixhobo zenyukliya okanye kwiingozi zemizi-mveliso yamandla.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza we-thyroid?

Ukuba une-nodule ye-thyroid eyandisiweyo okanye ezinye iimpawu, ugqirha wakho angenza olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mvavanyo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunokujonga amanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid ukuze kubonwe ukuba i-gland isebenza kakuhle na.
• I-Biopsy: Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yeeseli ezivela kwi-thyroid gland kusetyenziswa inaliti encinci ukujonga iiseli zomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwenziwa i-sentinel node biopsy ukujonga ukuba isasazeke na kwii-lymph nodes. I-ultrasound ikwasetyenziswa ukunceda ekufumaneni indawo echanekileyo yomhlaza ngexesha le-biopsy.
• Iskeni yeRadioiodine: Oku kunokufumanisa ukuba umhlaza ukhona na kwaye ukuba usasazekile na. Uginya ipilisi encinci equlethe isixa esikhuselekileyo se-iodine ene-radioactive. I-thyroid gland yakho ifunxa i-iodine kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Emva koko isixhobo esikhethekileyo silinganisa ukuba ingakanani i-radioactivity ekwi-gland. Ukuba kukho iindawo apho i-radioactivity iphantsi khona, kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho umhlaza na kwezo ndawo.
• Ezinye izikeni zemifanekiso: Izikeni ze-iodine ezinemisebe, izikeni ze-computed tomography (CT), kunye nezikeni ze-positron emission tomography (PET) zinokubona umhlaza we-thyroid kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba usasazekile na.

Unyangwa njani umhlaza we-thyroid?

Unyango luxhomekeke kubukhulu bethumba kunye nokuba umhlaza usasazeke na. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphambili:

• Utyando: Le yindlela yonyango esetyenziswa kakhulu.Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu nendawo yethumba, ugqirha angasusa inxalenye yendlala yegilo (lobectomy) okanye yonke indlala (thyroidectomy). Bangasusa nee-lymph nodes ezikufutshane apho iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke khona.
• Unyango lwe-radioiodine: Njenge-radioiodine scan, oku kubandakanya ukunika ipilisi okanye ulwelo olune-radioactive iodine. Nangona kunjalo, idosi iphezulu kunelo linikwe kwi-scan. Le iodine iyancipha kwaye itshabalalise i-thyroid gland kunye neeseli zomhlaza ezigulayo. Olu nyango lukhuselekile kakhulu. I-thyroid gland ifunxa uninzi lwe-iodine, ishiya wonke umzimba ungakhuselekanga kwimitha yelanga.
• Unyango ngemitha: Imitha ibulala iiseli zomhlaza kwaye izithintele ekukhuleni kwazo. Kunyango ngemitha yangaphandle, umatshini uqondisa imisebe enamandla yemitha ngqo kumhlaza. Kunyango ngemitha yangaphakathi, imbewu encinci yemitha ifakwa ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane nomhlaza.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Amayeza eKhemotherapy, anikwa ngemithambo okanye ngomlomo, abulala iiseli zomhlaza kwaye athintele ukukhula komhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu abanomhlaza we-thyroid abayidingi ikhemotherapy.
• Unyango lweehomoni: Olu nyango lusebenza ngokuthintela ukukhululwa kweehomoni ezinceda umhlaza ukuba usasazeke okanye ukhule kwakhona.

Ziziphi iingxaki zomhlaza we-thyroid?

Umhlaza we-thyroid ungasasazeka (ukhula) uye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, njengesibindi, imiphunga, okanye amathambo. Ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe kwaye unyangwa kwangethuba, umngcipheko wokusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane ungancitshiswa.

Kwanasemva kokuba umhlaza we-thyroid unyangiwe, ngamanye amaxesha unokubuya (uphinde ubuye) . Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza we-thyroid ukhula kancinci, kungathatha iminyaka engama-20 ukuba ubuye. Malunga nama-30 ekhulwini ezigulane zomhlaza we-thyroid ziya kubuya.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba emva kotyando okanye unyango lwe-thyroid, umzimba wakho udinga iihomoni ze-thyroid. Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka uthathe iipilisi zehomoni ze-thyroid ubomi bakho bonke. Umzekelo, iihomoni ezenziweyo ezifana ne-`(levothyroxine)` ziyanikwa. Ezi zithatha indawo yeehomoni ezingaveliswa ngumzimba ngokwendalo. Ezi azisoloko zibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kodwa kuya kufuneka uye kuhlolo lwezonyango rhoqo ukuze ujonge impilo yakho.

Umhlaza we-thyroid uchaphazela njani ukukhulelwa?

Okumangalisayo kukuba, umhlaza we-thyroid ngumhlaza wesibini oxhaphakileyo ofunyaniswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa.(Owokuqala ngumhlaza webele.) Malunga ne-10 ekhulwini yomhlaza we-thyroid uvela ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye kunyaka wokuqala emva kokubeleka. Iingcali zicinga ukuba ukutshintsha kwamanqanaba eehomoni ngexesha lokukhulelwa kusenokuba yimbangela.

Ukuba ufunyaniswe unomhlaza we-thyroid ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ugqirha wakho uza kuthetha nawe malunga neendlela zonyango. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobunzima bomhlaza, unyango lunokulibaziseka de kube semva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Ukuba oko akunakwenzeka, uninzi lwabantu lunokwenza utyando ngokukhuselekileyo ukuze kususwe i-gland yomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, akukhuthazwa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwemitha okanye unyango ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ngelixa uncancisa.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha emva konyango lomhlaza we-thyroid?

Ixesha elithathwayo ukuze oku kwenzeke liyahluka kumntu nomntu. Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela oku, kuquka ubudala bakho, ubungakanani bethumba, inqanaba lomhlaza, kunye nohlobo lonyango olufumeneyo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nento omawuyilindele ngexesha nasemva konyango lwakho.

Ngaba umhlaza we-thyroid ungathintelwa?

Abantu abaninzi baba nomhlaza we-thyroid ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo, ngoko ke kunzima ukuwuthintela ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uyazi ukuba usemngciphekweni womhlaza we-thyroid, kukho amanyathelo onokuwathatha.

• Utyando lokuthintela (lokuthintela): Uvavanyo lwemfuza lunokufumanisa ukuba unenguqu kwimfuza eyonyusa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana izifo ezifana nomhlaza we-thyroid okanye i-multiple endocrine neoplasia. Ukuba unayo imfuza, unokukwazi ukwenza utyando lokuthintela ukususa i-thyroid gland ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza uvele.
• I-Potassium iodide: Ukuba ujongene nemisebe evela kwingozi yenyukliya (njengengozi yaseFukushima eJapan ngo-2011), ukuthatha i-potassium iodide (Pima®) kwiiyure ezingama-24 kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza we-thyroid kamva ebomini. I-Potassium iodide isebenza ngokuthintela i-thyroid gland ekufunxeni i-iodine eninzi ene-radioactive, enceda ukugcina i-gland isempilweni.

Ingakanani izinga lokunyangwa komhlaza we-thyroid?

Abantu abasibhozo kwabalishumi abanomhlaza we-thyroid banohlobo lwe-papillary olukhankanyiweyo ngaphambili. Xa umhlaza we-thyroid we-papillary ufumaneka ngaphakathi kwi-gland, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lisondele kwi-100 ekhulwini. Xa umhlaza usasazekile (usususwe kwi-metastasized), izinga lisondele kwi-80 ekhulwini. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ngokomyinge, umntu onomhlaza we-thyroid we-papillary osasazekayo unethuba le-80 ekhulwini lokusinda ubuncinci iminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba unesifo, xa kuthelekiswa nomntu ongenaso esi sifo.

Nazi izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza we-thyroid:

• I-Follicular: Phantse i-100% ukuba ixhomekeke kwi-gland; malunga ne-63% ukuba isasazeke kakhulu.
• I-Medullary:Ukuba ixhomekeke kwi-gland, iphantse ibe yi-100%; ukuba isasazeke kakhulu, imalunga ne-40%.
• I-Anaplastic: Malunga ne-31% ukuba ixhomekeke kwi-gland; malunga ne-4% ukuba isasazeke kakhulu.

Ngaba umhlaza we-thyroid unganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ewe, uninzi lweentlobo zomhlaza we-thyroid zinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngonyango, ingakumbi ukuba iiseli zomhlaza azisasazekanga kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba. Nokuba unyango alunyangi ngokupheleleyo umhlaza, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza isicwangciso sonyango sokutshabalalisa umhlaza omninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka aze awuthintele ukuba ungakhuli okanye usasazeke.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba unomhlaza we-thyroid, bona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu:

• Kuvela iqhuma elitsha entanyeni.
• Ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo.
• Ukuba mncinci okanye utyebe ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukuba unomhlaza we-thyroid, kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Kutheni ndifumene umhlaza we-thyroid?
• Luhlobo luni lomhlaza we-thyroid endinalo?
• Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphandle kwe-thyroid gland yam?
• Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yonyango lomhlaza olu hlobo?
• Zithini iingozi kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
• Ngaba ndiza kuyidinga unyango lokutshintshwa kwehomoni ye-thyroid?
• Ingaba usapho lwam lusengozini yolu hlobo lomhlaza? Ukuba kunjalo, ngaba kufuneka sifumane uvavanyo lwemfuza?
• Ndingaphinda ndifumane umhlaza we-thyroid?
• Ngaba ndisengozini yokufumana ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza?
• Loluphi unyango olufunekayo emva konyango?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndixhalabele iimpawu zeengxaki?

Okokugqibela, kufuneka ndithi… (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye uxhalabile xa ufunyaniswa ukuba unomhlaza. Oku kuyinyani nokuba loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lomhlaza we-thyroid lusabela kakuhle kunyango kwaye lunethuba elikhulu lokunyangwa. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ezona ndlela zilungileyo zonyango lohlobo lwakho lomhlaza we-thyroid.

Emva konyango, kunokufuneka uthathe iihomoni ze-thyroid zokwenziwa ubomi bakho bonke. Ezi homoni zibalulekile kwimisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni. Ngokwesiqhelo azibangeli miphumo emibi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ukuze ujonge impilo yakho. Hlala unethemba, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho, kwaye ungamelana nale meko ngempumelelo.