Masifunde ngovavanyo olujonga umbono wakho? (Uvavanyo lweMigca yokuBonakalayo)

Ngaba wakha waya kugqirha wamehlo waza wacela ukuba enze uvavanyo olukhethekileyo ukuze abone ukuba umbono wakho ungakanani na? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-"Visual Field Test." Ngokwenene luvavanyo olulula kakhulu, olungenabuhlungu. Ngoko ke masithethe ngalo ngokweenkcukacha.

Yintoni le `(Uvavanyo lweMimandla yoBuchule)` ijonge ntoni?

Ngamafutshane, olu vavanyo lulinganisa izinto ezimbini eziphambili.

• Yindlela amehlo akho anokubona ngayo phezulu, ezantsi, ekhohlo, nasekunene xa ujonge phambili ngaphandle kokushukumisa intloko yakho.
• Enye into kukuba, unayo yonke indawo onokuyibona (siyibiza ngokuba yi-'visual field'), kunye nokuba umbono wakho ubuthathaka kangakanani kwicandelo ngalinye layo.

Uyazi, amehlo ethu anokubona indawo enkulu phambi kwethu ngaxeshanye. Nokuba awushukumisi amehlo akho, awukwazi ukubona kuphela into ethe ngqo phambili, kodwa kwanento engaphezulu, engaphantsi, namacala. Oogqirha babiza into oyibonayo ngaphandle kwale ndawo ithe ngqo ngokuthi "umbono ojikelezayo." 'Oko ukubonayo ngqo phambili "ngumbono ophakathi."'

Ngokwesiqhelo, sibona ngokucacileyo phakathi kweli 'candelo lokubona'. Yiyo loo nto ujika amehlo akho ukuze ujonge into ofuna ukuyibona ngokucacileyo. Njengoko usuka embindini wombono wakho, izinto ziya zingacaci. Xa into isiya kude kakhulu ecaleni, iyanyamalala ngokupheleleyo emehlweni akho.

Luqhutywa nini uvavanyo lwe-"Visual Field Test"?

Xa ubona ugqirha wamehlo (ugqirha wamehlo okanye ugqirha wamehlo), baya kwenza uvavanyo lwamehlo njengenxalenye yovavanyo lwamehlo oluqhelekileyo. Oku kunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba afumanise iimpawu zokuqala zeemeko ezifana ne -glaucoma , enokuwonakalisa kancinci amehlo akho. Abanye abantu abane-glaucoma basenokungaluboni utshintsho ekuboneni kwabo ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lwamehlo lunokufumanisa ukulahleka kombono ongaphandle.

Olu vavanyo lunokukuxelela enye into. Lukuxelela indlela amacandelo enkqubo yemithambo-luvo akuncedayo ukubona asebenza ngayo. Amacandelo enkqubo yemithambo-luvo akuncedayo ukubona aquka:

• I-retina yakho: Oku kufana ne-transducer engaphakathi kweliso lakho. Ithatha amandla okukhanya kwaye iyiguqule ibe ziimpawu zombane.
• I-optic nerve yakho: Le nerve ithwala ezo mpawu zombane izise engqondweni, apho ziguqulwa zibe yimifanekiso.
• Ubuchopho Bakho: Ekugqibeleni, ezo zimpawu ziba yimifanekiso oyibonayo ngaphakathi kwengqondo yakho.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba kukho ingxaki naphi na kule nkqubo, inokuchaphazela intsimi yakho yokubona. Kukho iipateni ezithile kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo. Ngokujonga ezo pateni, oogqirha banokuqonda ngokulula ukuba loluphi uhlobo lomonakalo okanye isifo esikhoyo.

Kwakhona, ngokuphinda olu "Vavanyo lweMimandla yokuBonakalayo" ngamaxesha athile, oogqirha banokubona ukuba imeko yakho iyaphucuka okanye iyawohloka.

Ziziphi iintlobo zezifo ugqirha angacebisa olu vavanyo?

Ukuba uneengxaki ezithile zempilo, okanye ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unayo, angacebisa ukuba wenze "uVavanyo lweMigca yokuBonakalayo". Oogqirha basebenzisa iziphumo zolu vavanyo "ukuxilonga" kunye "nokujonga" imeko. Umzekelo:

• `(IGlaucoma)`
• Istroke
• Ukuwohloka kwe-macular
• `(I-Multiple sclerosis (MS))` (Esi sisifo esichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo)
• `(Isifo seGraves')` (Esi sisifo esinxulumene ne-thyroid gland)
• Isifo se-pituitary gland
• Indawo eyimfama (i-scotoma)

Kutheni abanye abantu kufuneka benze olu "Vavanyo lweMiboniso" izihlandlo ezininzi?

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokukucela ukuba uphinde wenze olu "Vavanyo lweMiboniso" ngokukhawuleza ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zichanekile. Khumbula, ukuba uziva udiniwe, iziphumo zovavanyo zisenokungathembeki kangako.

Okanye, ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba uphinde wenze olu vavanyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa, kwiinyanga, okanye nangonyaka. Oku kunokunceda ekuchongeni naziphi na iingxaki ezintsha kwangethuba . Ukuba uneengxaki ezithile zamehlo, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza olu "Vavanyo lweMiboniso" rhoqo ukuze abone ukuba unyango lwakho lusebenza kakuhle kangakanani.

Olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu xa unyanga abantu abane-glaucoma. Nokuba awuqondi, ukuba umbono wakho uyawohloka, ugqirha unokubona ngolu vavanyo. Le yenye yezizathu zokuba abantu abane-glaucoma bafanele baye kuyo yonke idinga abalinikwe ngugqirha .

Kwenzeka ntoni xa usenza `(Uvavanyo lweMigca yoBuchule)`?

Akukho lungiselelo likhethekileyo olidingayo kolu `(Uvavanyo lweMigca yokuBonakalayo). Aluhlaseli, ngoko ke amathuba okuba ufumane naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga aphantsi kakhulu.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-"Visual Field Test". Kodwa zonke zinento enye ezifanayo: kufuneka ujonge phambili kwindawo ethile, uze emva koko unike imiqondiso xa ubona into okanye ukukhanya ecaleni.

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ngqo apho kufuneka ujonge khona ukuze wenze uvavanyo ngokuchanekileyo.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezisisiseko ze-"Visual Field Tests"`, kwaye zilula kakhulu:

• Igridi ye-Amsler: Oku kufana negridi yesikwere. Yipateni yemigca ethe tye edwetshwe kwipateni yegridi. Ujonga ichaphaza elikhulu eliphakathi. Emva koko, undixelele ukuba imigca ibonakala ingacacanga, imibimbi, okanye yaphukile nakweyiphi na indawo. Igridi ye-Amsler luvavanyo olukhawulezileyo. Kodwa ilinganisa kuphela umbindi wentsimi yakho yokubona (ebizwa ngokuba yimbono ephakathi). Inika ugqirha ulwazi oluncinci kuphela.
• Uvavanyo lwe-`(Intsimi ebonakalayo yokujongana)`: Kule nto, igama elithi 'ukujongana' lithetha ukuba umntu owenza uvavanyo uhlala phambi komntu ojongene novavanyo, malunga neenyawo ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 (malunga nemitha). Umntu owenza uvavanyo uphakamisa iingalo zakhe emacaleni. Kufuneka ujonge ngqo phambili. Emva koko uzisa isandla esinye, aze asondeze kuwe esinye. Kufuneka unike uphawu kwangoko nje ukuba ubona isandla sakhe.

Olu vavanyo lwe-"Confrontation visual field" lulinganisa kuphela umda ongaphandle "we-visual field". Aluchanekanga kangako.

Ngaba zikho ezinye iintlobo ze-`(Visual Field Test)`?

Ewe, usenokuva ngezinye iintlobo ze-`(Visual Field Test)` kunye namanye amagama azo. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lwe-`static perimetry` kunye ne-`kinetic perimetry`. (`Perimetry test` ikwaligama elinye le-`peripheral vision test`, elithetha uvavanyo olujonga umbono ongaphandle.)

• Uvavanyo lwe-`(Kinetic perimetry)`: Kulo, umntu owenza uvavanyo uhambisa into, kwaye kufuneka umxelele xa uyibona. Oogqirha badla ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-`(Goldmann perimetry).`
• Uvavanyo lwe-static perimetry: Uvavanyo lombono oluzenzekelayo luhlobo lovavanyo lwe-static perimetry. Kolu vavanyo, ujonga kumatshini omile okwebhola. Xa ubona into, ucinezela iqhosha ukuyibonisa. Imizekelo yovavanyo lwe-static ibandakanya oomatshini be-Humphrey kunye ne-Octopus.

Ithatha ixesha elingakanani i-`(Visual Field Test)`?

Ngokwesiqhelo, akuthathi ngaphezulu kwemizuzu emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi ngeliso ngalinye.

Loluphi uhlobo lwe-`(Visual Field Test)` olunika ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ezininzi?

Ngoku kukho izixhobo zekhompyutha zokwenza uvavanyo lweVisual Field kunye nokubala iziphumo. Iziphumo ezifunyenwe kwezi zixhobo zichanekile ngakumbi kwaye zinokuphinda-phindwa. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku:

• Intloko yakho ihlala kwindawo enye lonke ixesha ubhala uvavanyo.
• Ungabona ukuba esi sixhobo sinendawo enkulu engundoqo 'ejolise', ngoko ke umbindi wendawo ebonakalayo ungagcinwa uqinile kwindawo enye.
• Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa amabala amancinci okukhanya ukuvavanya umbono.Ungalinganisa uvakalelo lombono kwindawo nganye, uze utshintshe ukukhanya nombala wolu kukhanya.
• Kukho imigangatho ecacileyo yoko kuchaza iziphumo 'eziqhelekileyo'. Esi sixhobo sinokuthelekisa lonke uvavanyo olutsha esilwenzayo nale migangatho.

Zithini iziphumo ze-`(Visual Field Test)`?

Iziphumo 'eziqhelekileyo' kwi-"Visual Field Test" zithetha ukuba ungabona kakuhle umntu ongenazo iingxaki zokubona.

Olu vavanyo lubonisa ukuba umbono unciphile kangakanani kwaye zeziphi iindawo ezichaphazelekileyo. Esi sixhobo siprinta iziphumo njenge `patterns of dots` okanye `numbers`. Ezi patterns zixelela ugqirha wakho ukuba amehlo akho kunye nenkqubo yakho yokubona zisebenza kakuhle kangakanani. Oku kunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba amisele ukuba yintoni imeko yempilo esisiseko kunye nonyango olufunekayo.

Uvavanyo olubonisa ukulahleka kwebala lokubona luthetha ukuba umbono wakho awubukhali njengoko kufanele ukuba njalo kwezinye iindawo. Uvavanyo lunokubonisa ukuba ulahlekelwe ngumbono kwindawo encinci, okanye ukuba ulahlekelwe ngumbono ngokupheleleyo kwiindawo ezinkulu.

Ndiza kuzazi nini iziphumo zovavanyo?

Ngokwesiqhelo, ugqirha wakho ufanele akwazi ukukunika iziphumo ngoko nangoko.

Ukuba iziphumo aziqhelekanga, kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko?

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zinokuthetha izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziphumo zinokubonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki, ezifana `(Glaucoma)`, `(Macular degeneration)` okanye `(Stroke`). Ke ngoko, amanyathelo alandelayo (`ukulandelela`) anokwahluka.

Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kuthetha nawe malunga neendlela onokukhetha kuzo zonyango.

Ndifanele ndibize ugqirha wam nini?

Ukuba ubona into entsha okanye uziva ungakhululekanga emehlweni, kufuneka uhlale unxibelelana nogqirha wakho wamehlo. Ukuba ubona into ngequbuliso okanye uva iintlungu ezinkulu emehlweni, kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ngoko nangoko.

Kungumbono olungileyo ukuba novavanyo lwamehlo rhoqo. Njengenxalenye yovavanyo lwakho, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ube novavanyo lwamehlo ukuze ubone ukuba ubona kakuhle kangakanani ngaphezulu, ngezantsi, nasemacaleni amehlo akho. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ngeliso lakho, iziphumo zinokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba afumanise imeko yempilo onokuba unayo okanye abone ukuba unyango lwangoku lusebenza kakuhle kangakanani.

Ngoko ke, yintoni esifanele siyikhumbule kuyo yonke le nto?

"Uvavanyo lweMimandla yokuBonakalayo" luvavanyo olulula nolungenabuhlungu olulinganisa lonke uluhlu lokubona kwakho, oko kuthetha ukuba unokubona kakuhle kangakanani kungekuphela nje phambili, kodwa nakwiindawo ezikungqongileyo.

Oku kunceda kakhulu ekufumaneni izifo ezifana ne-glaucoma kwangethuba kunye nokujonga imeko ekhoyo.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho wamehlo ucebisa olu vavanyo, qiniseka ukuba uyalwenza, kuba lunokuba lubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni amehlo akho axabisekileyo .

Ukuba ubona utshintsho olukhawulezileyo embonweni wakho okanye kwiintlungu, ungalibali ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Uvavanyo lwentsimi yokubona, ukubona ngamehlo, iglaucoma, umbono ongaphandle, uvavanyo lwamehlo, imithambo-luvo yokukhanya, igridi ye-Amsler