Masifunde ngakumbi malunga novavanyo lwegazi olujongene nomngcipheko wesifo semithambo yegazi.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba intliziyo yakho iphilile kangakanani na? Ngamanye amaxesha singaba nezifo ezinxulumene nentliziyo singaziqondi. Kodwa ngethamsanqa, kukho uvavanyo lwegazi olunokunceda ekuchongeni ezi zinto zinobungozi kwangethuba. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezinto ezi vavanyo lwegazi kunye nendlela ezinokukunceda ngayo ekuchongeni umngcipheko wakho wesifo sentliziyo, ingakumbi isifo semithambo yegazi (CAD). Masizame ukuqonda oku ngokulula, ngokungathi uthetha nomhlobo.

Kutheni ufuna olu vavanyo lwegazi?

Ngoku mhlawumbi uyazibuza, "Kutheni ndizifuna ezi vavanyo zegazi?" Asinguye wonke umntu ozidingayo ngoko nangoko. Kodwa kukho iimeko apho ugqirha angacebisa ukuba wenze ezi vavanyo. Jonga ukuba ezi zizathu ziyasebenza na kuwe:

• Imikhwa yokutya: Udla ngokutya ukutya okungenampilo okuneoyile eninzi, iswekile kunye nomgubo.
• Imbali yosapho: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho, ingakumbi umama wakho, utata, okanye abantakwenu, okhe waba nesifo semithambo yegazi (CAD) ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka engama-50 ubudala .
• Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukunyuka kobunzima: Ukuba ubunzima bomzimba wakho buphezulu kakhulu kunobuqhelekileyo.
• Ukungazilolongi: Ukuba umzimba awufumani umthambo owaneleyo emini.
• Ukutshaya: Ukuba utshaya okanye usebenzisa ezinye iintlobo zecuba (umz., i-betel nut okanye igqabi le-betel).
• Ezinye iimeko zempilo: Ukuba sele unezifo ezifana neDiabetes Mellitus, iHigh Blood Pressure, okanye ukuba ukhe wahlaselwa yintliziyo okanye istroke ngaphambili.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ngxaki, kuya kuba bubulumko ukuthetha nogqirha uze wenze uvavanyo lwegazi olufana nolu.

Ngubani owenza ezi vavanyo zegazi?

Ngokwesiqhelo, isampuli yegazi ithathwa kuwe ngumntu oqeqeshwe kule njongo. Simbiza ngokuba yi-"Phlebotomist" okanye "Phlebotomy technician". Emva koko le sampuli yegazi ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri yezonyango. Kukho "ingcali yelabhoratri yezonyango" apho. Usebenzisa oomatshini abakhethekileyo ukulinganisa izinto ezahlukeneyo egazini lakho aze alungiselele ingxelo.

Olu vavanyo lwegazi lulinganisa ntoni ukuze kufunyaniswe umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba ezi mvavanyo zegazi zijonge ntoni kanye kanye. Ezi zezona zinto oogqirha abazisebenzisayo ukuze bafumane umbono womngcipheko wakho wesifo sentliziyo.

I-Cholesterol kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nayo

• I-Cholesterol iyonke (TC): Le yiyo yonke i-cholesterol egazini lakho. Inxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nomngcipheko wakho wesifo sentliziyo.
• IiTriglycerides (TG): Olu luhlobo lwamafutha. Ezi zikwanxulunyaniswa nesifo sentliziyo. Iiswekile ezilula, iicarbohydrate ezilula (ezifana nesonka, irayisi), ukutya okunamafutha, kunye notywala esikutyayo kunokunyusa la manqanaba '(TG). Oku kunokunciphisa ngokuzilolonga kakuhle.
• I-High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL): Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi "cholesterol elungileyo." Okukhona ininzi egazini, kokukhona umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo uncipha.
• I-Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL): Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi "cholesterol embi." Okukhona ininzi egazini, kokukhona umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo uphezulu.
• I-Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)): Oku kwenzeka xa iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-apo(a) inamathele kwi-LDL cholesterol. Ukuba inqanaba layo liphezulu egazini, kukho umngcipheko okhulayo wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, amahlwili egazi, ukugcinwa kwamafutha kwimithambo emva kotyando lwe-coronary artery bypass, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemithambo yentliziyo kwakhona emva kwe-angioplasty. Oku kunokusebenza nakwiintsapho. Ke ngoko, ukuba umntu kusapho ube nesifo sentliziyo esemncinci, ugqirha uya kucebisa olu vavanyo.
• I-Apolipoprotein B (ApoB): Le yiproteni ephambili kwi-cholesterol. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba amanqanaba e-ApoB ayindlela engcono yokubonisa umngcipheko kunamanqanaba e-LDL kuphela. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-ApoB abonisa inani elandayo lamasuntswana amancinci, axineneyo e-LDL.

Ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zegazi kunye neempawu

• Ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo okune-Differential (CBC): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets egazini lakho. Lunokubona iimeko ezifana ne-anemia, okubangelwa kukunqongophala kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• I-Homocysteine ​​​​(Hcy): Le yi-amino acid. Amanqanaba aphezulu ale nto egazini anyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.
• IHemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): Olu vavanyo lwegazi lunceda ekuxilongeni isifo seswekile. Isifo seswekile sisifo esongeza umngcipheko wesifo semithambo yegazi (CAD). Olu vavanyo lubonisa umgangatho oqhelekileyo weswekile egazini kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ezidlulileyo.
• Ukuzila iGlucose egazini / Ukuzila iSwekile egazini: Oku kulinganisa inqanaba leswekile egazini lakho kusasa emva kokuba uzilile ubusuku bonke. Kunokubona isifo seswekile esingaphambi kokuba sivele kunye nesifo seswekile, zombini ezo zinto zinyusa umngcipheko wakho wesifo sentliziyo.
• I-Creatine Kinase (CK): Le yi-enzyme efumaneka kwimisipha. Amanqanaba ayo anokunyuka ukuba uthatha amayeza okunciphisa i-cholesterol (umz., ii-statins).
• I-Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) okanye i-SGPT: Le yi-enzyme efumaneka esibindini. Amanqanaba ayo anokunyuka xa uthatha amayeza okunciphisa i-cholesterol.
• I-Aspartate Transaminase (AST) okanye i-SGOT: Le yenye i-enzyme esibindini. Ingaphakanyiswa xa usebenzisa amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol.
• I-Fibrinogen:Le yiproteni egazini lakho. Inceda ukujiya kwegazi lakho. Kodwa ukuba iphezulu kakhulu, inyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
• I-Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Oku kulinganisa indlela esebenza kakuhle ngayo i-thyroid gland yakho. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-thyroid kuye kwanxulunyaniswa nesifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga.
• Iprotheyini ye-C-reactive ebukhali kakhulu (i-us-CRP) okanye i-High-sensitivity CRP: Oku kubonisa ukudumba kwimithambo yegazi. Okukhona inqanaba layo liphezulu, kokukhona umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi uphezulu.
• Umlinganiselo we-Urine Albumin-Creatinine (uACR): Oku kulinganisa ubungakanani beprotheyini kumchamo. Nokuba zincinci kangakanani iiprotheyini kumchamo zingunobangela wesifo sentliziyo. Olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanesifo seswekile.
• I-MPO (Myeloperoxidase): Oku kukwabonisa ukudumba. Amanqanaba aphezulu oku anxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, kunye nesidingo sotyando lwe-coronary artery bypass. Amanqanaba aphezulu oku anokubonisa ukuba isifo sentliziyo siya sibi kakhulu.
• IVithamin D: Le yivithamin enyibilikayo emafutheni. Ilawula amanqanaba e-calcium kunye ne-phosphate emzimbeni. Ezi zinceda ukugcina amathambo ephilile. Ukunqongophala kweVithamin D kunxulunyaniswa neengozi ezahlukeneyo zempilo. Kwakhona, ukuba unengxaki yokunyamezela ii-statins (amayeza e-cholesterol), oku kunqongophala kweVithamin D kunokuba sisizathu.
• I-Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO): Le mveliso iveliswa ziibhaktheriya emathunjini akho. Ifumaneka ngobuninzi kwinyama, amaqanda, kunye neemveliso zobisi. Izongezo ezifana ne-choline, i-lecithin, kunye ne-L-carnitine nazo zinokunyusa amanqanaba e-TMAO. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-TMAO egazini anokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo, istroke, kunye ne-atherosclerosis.
• I-Amino-terminal, i-pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP): Le protein yenziwa entliziyweni yakho. Ikhutshwa egazini xa intliziyo yakho iphantsi koxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo. Amanqanaba aphezulu ale protein abonisa umngcipheko ophezulu wesifo sentliziyo kwaye anokubonisa ukwehla kokusebenza kwentliziyo. Ezinye iimvavanyo zinokwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe okungakumbi.
• I-Serum Creatinine (CR): Oku kunxulumene nokusebenza kwezintso. Ukuba izintso azisebenzi kakuhle, kunokubangela uxinzelelo entliziyweni. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso okungapheliyo yimeko enokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo. Kwaye intliziyo inokuchaphazela nezintso.
• Amanqaku oMngcipheko weSifo seNtliziyo se-Atherosclerotic (ASCVD): La manqaku axela kwangaphambili umngcipheko wakho wokuba nesiganeko "se-atherosclerotic" (njengokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye istroke) kwiminyaka eli-10 ezayo.

Cinga ngale ndlela, uvavanyo ngalunye lufana nomcuphi. Kuthatha icebiso ngalinye ukudibanisa umfanekiso wonke. Ngendlela efanayo, oogqirha bajonga ezi ngxelo zovavanyo baze bafikelele kwisigqibo malunga nempilo yentliziyo yakho.

Ungazilungiselela njani ngaphambi kovavanyo lwegazi?

Ngaphambi kokuba utsalwe igazi lakho, kubalulekile ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufuneka uyeke nawaphi na amayeza, iivithamini, okanye izongezo ozisebenzisayo. Amanye amayeza anokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi. Kodwa ungaze uyeke ukuthatha nawaphi na amayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.

Ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi zifuna ukuba uzile ukutya iiyure ezininzi (ngesiqhelo iiyure ezisi-8-12) ngaphambi kovavanyo. Ngoko ke buza ugqirha wakho ngale nto ngaphambi kovavanyo.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo?

Ingcali ye-phlebotomist idla ngokufaka inaliti emthanjeni ongakwingalo yakho engasentla okanye ngaphakathi kwengqiniba yakho. Usenokuziva urhawuzelelwa xa inaliti ifakwa emthanjeni. Ukutsalwa kwegazi kuthatha malunga nomzuzu.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuba igazi litsaliwe?

Emva kokuba isampuli yegazi ithathiwe, ingcali ye-phlebotomist isusa inaliti, ibambe indawo yesampuli yegazi endaweni yayo, ifake iplasta okanye iqhekeza lekotoni, ize ifake i-binder.

Zithini iziphumo endizifumanayo? Zindixelela ntoni?

Iziphumo ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezisegazini lakho. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthetha nawe ngeziphumo zakho aze akuxelele into omawuyenze ngokulandelayo.

Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ezilindelekileyo kwiimvavanyo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene nomngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo:

• I-Cholesterol iyonke (TC):
• Ubudala obungama-20 okanye ngaphantsi: Phakathi kwama-75 - 169 mg/dL.
• Ubudala obungama-21 nangaphezulu: Phakathi kwe-100 - 199 mg/dL.
• IiTriglycerides (TG): Ngaphantsi kwe-150 mg/dL kulungile. Ukuba ingaphezulu kwe-500 - 1000 mg/dL, kukho umngcipheko we-pancreatitis. Eli nqanaba lidla ngokuba phezulu kubantu abatyebileyo nakubantu abanesifo seswekile.
• Ii-lipoprotein ezixineneyo (i-HDL - "i-cholesterol elungileyo"): Okukhona iphezulu kokukhona iphezulu, kokukhona ingcono.
• Amadoda: mkhulu kune-45 mg/dL.
• Ibhinqa: likhulu kune-55 mg/dL.
• I-low-density lipoprotein (LDL - "i-cholesterol embi"): Okukhona iphantsi kokukhona ingcono. Inqanaba elilindelekileyo liya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho yempilo:
• Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo, isifo semithambo yegazi, isifo seswekile, okanye usemngciphekweni omkhulu wesifo sentliziyo: Ngaphantsi kwe-70 mg/dL.
• Ukuba une-`(Metabolic Syndrome)` okanye unobungozi obungaphezulu kwesinye sezizathu zesifo sentliziyo: Ngaphantsi kwe-100 mg/dL.
• Ukuba unobungozi obuphantsi bokufumana isifo semithambo yegazi: Ngaphantsi kwe-130 mg/dL.
• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (i-CBC):
• Inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi: 5,000 - 10,000 (nge-microliter nganye).
• I-Hematocrit (ubungakanani begazi elenziwe ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi): Amadoda 40% - 55%; Abafazi 36% - 48%.
• I-Hemoglobin (inxalenye yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi ethwala ioksijini): Amadoda ayi-14 - 18 gm/dL; Abafazi abayi-12 - 16 gm/dL.
• I-Lipoprotein (A) (Lp(a)): Ngaphantsi kwe-30 mg/dL kulungile.
• I-Apolipoprotein B (ApoB): Ngaphantsi kwe-100 mg/dL kulungile.
• I-Homocysteine ​​​​(Hcy): Ngaphantsi kwe-15 mcmol/L kulungile.
• IHemoglobin A1c (HbA1c):
• Inqanaba elisempilweni: 6% okanye ngaphantsi.
• Isifo seswekile sangaphambi kokukhulelwa: 5.7% - 6.4%.
• Isifo seswekile: 6.5% nangaphezulu.
• Injongo yomntu onesifo seswekile: 6.5% - ngaphantsi kwe-7%.
• Iglucose Egazini Yokuzila Ukutya: Ngaphantsi kwe-100 mg/dL kulungile.
• I-prediabetes: 100 - 125 mg/dL.
• Isifo seswekile: 126 mg/dL nangaphezulu izihlandlo ezibini ezahlukeneyo.
• I-Creatine Kinase (CK): Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo 30 - 220 U/L.
• I-Alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT): Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo 5 - 45 U/L.
• I-Aspartate transaminase (AST/SGOT): Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo yi-7 - 40 U/L.
• I-Fibrinogen: Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo 200 - 400 mg/dL.
• I-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Uluhlu olufanelekileyo yi-0.4 - 5.5 mIU/mL. (Oku kunokwahluka ukuba ukhe wanyangwa i-thyroid ngaphambili.)
• Iprotheyini ye-C-reactive ebuthathaka kakhulu (i-us-CRP):
• Umngcipheko ophantsi: ngaphantsi kwe-2.0 mg/L.
• Umngcipheko ophakathi: 2.0 - 3.0 mg/L.
• Umngcipheko ophezulu: mkhulu kune-3.0 mg/L.
• Umlinganiselo we-albumin-creatinine yomchamo (uACR): Ngaphantsi kwe-30 mg/g kulungile.
• I-MPO: Ngaphantsi kwe-420 pmol/L kulungile.
• I-Vitamin D: Uluhlu oluchanekileyo luyi-31 - 80 ng / ml.
• I-Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO):
• Umngcipheko ophantsi: ngaphantsi kwe-6.2 um.
• Umngcipheko ophakathi: 6.2 - 9.9 um.
• Umngcipheko ophezulu: 10 umM okanye ngaphezulu.

(Ukuba amanqanaba e-TMAO aphezulu, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukwehlisa i-LDL kunye nokulawula ezinye izinto ezinobungozi. Banokucebisa nokuthatha i-aspirin encinci kabini ngemini kunye nokulandela ukutya kweMeditera.)

• I-NT-proBNP: Ngaphantsi kwe-125 pg/mL kulungile.
• I-Serum Creatinine (CR):
• Ibhinqa: 0.58 - 0.96 mg/dL.
• Amadoda: 0.73 - 1.22 mg/dL.
• Amanqaku omngcipheko we-ASCVD:
• Umngcipheko ophantsi: <5%
• Umngcipheko womda: 5-7.4%
• Umngcipheko ophakathi: 7.5-<20%
• Umngcipheko ophezulu: >20%

Kubalulekile: La ngamaxabiso aqhelekileyo nje. Iziphumo zakho kufuneka zithelekiswe nezinye izinto ezininzi, ezinje ngobudala bakho, isini, kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo. Ke ngoko , kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngezi ziphumo nogqirha wakho.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukwazi iziphumo?

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi zihlala zithatha iintsuku ezimbalwa okanye ngaphezulu ukubuya. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo zakho.

Ngaba kufuneka ndiphinde ndiye kugqirha?

Ukuba awukafumani iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho emva kweeveki ezimbini, fowunela ugqirha wakho. Wakuba ufumene iziphumo, ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa nawe ngazo aze akuxelele into omawuyenze ngokulandelayo.

Khumbula, nangona uvavanyo lwegazi lunokukunika umbono olungileyo ngomngcipheko wakho wesifo sentliziyo, lodwa alunakukuxelela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unesifo. Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi lubonisa ukuba umngcipheko wakho uphezulu, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo olongezelelweyo. Ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onazo kulo lonke eli xesha.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Ngamafutshane, olu vavanyo lwegazi luluncedo kakhulu ekufumaneni isifo sentliziyo kwangethuba. Ngokusekelwe kulwazi abalunikayo, ungenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, uqale unyango. Emva koko, unethuba elikhulu lokuzikhusela kwisifo sentliziyo esinzulu.

Khumbula:

• Ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela isifo sentliziyo (esixoxe ngazo ngaphambili), yenza olu vavanyo ngokucetyiswa ngugqirha.
• Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha malunga neziphumo.
• Ungakhathazeki ukuba iziphumo zibonisa ukuba umngcipheko uphezulu. Oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ukhathalele impilo yakho kancinci.
• Ungayigcina intliziyo yakho isempilweni ngokulandela ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga rhoqo , nokuphepha ukutshaya .

Njengokuba intliziyo yakho ixabisekile kuwe, kukwabalulekile kakhulu ukuqaphela impilo yentliziyo yakho!

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