Zinjani izintso zakho? Masifumanise ngovavanyo lwe-(eGFR)!

Ngaba wakha wabona ixabiso elibizwa ngokuba yi-`(eGFR)` kwingxelo yovavanyo lwegazi? Mhlawumbi ugqirha ukuxelele ngale nto. Nangona isenokubonakala inzima kancinci kubantu abaninzi, i-`(eGFR)` ngokwenene luvavanyo olulula olusixelela ulwazi oluninzi olubalulekileyo malunga nempilo yezintso zethu. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezinto ezininzi ngokulula, njengokuthi yintoni i-`(eGFR)`, into enokusixelela yona, kunye nokuba ibaluleke kubani.

Zithini izintso? Ithetha ukuthini `(eGFR)` eneneni?

Ngamafutshane, izintso zethu zifana nezihluzo ezimbini ezincinci emzimbeni wethu. Ezi zinezigidi zezinye izihluzo ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`(glomeruli)`. Ezi zezo zihluza inkunkuma engafunekiyo kunye neetyhefu egazini lethu zize zikhuphe njengomchamo. Cinga ngazo njengesihluzo samanzi esicoca amanzi.

Ngoku, eli `Izinga Lokucoca I-Glomerular Eliqikelelweyo (eGFR)` lixabiso elilinganisa ukuba lingakanani igazi elicocwa ngomzuzu zizihluzi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`(glomeruli)` ezintsoni zakho, xa kuthelekiswa nobukhulu bomzimba wakho. Ngokwesiqhelo, xa usenza uvavanyo lwegazi, ufumana eli `(eGFR)` njengenxalenye ye`(iphaneli ye-metabolic esisiseko)`.

Eli xabiso `(eGFR)` libaluleke kakhulu koogqirha ukuze bachonge ukuba kukho nayiphi na ingxaki kwizintso zakho, ingakumbi isifo sezintso . Izintso zethu ziyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yomchamo . Xa isifo sezintso sivela, isantya ezicoca ngaso ezi zihluzo igazi siyancipha. Emva koko, iityhefu eziyingozi ziqala ukuqokelelana egazini.

Ngelishwa, iimpawu zesifo sezintso, ezinje ngokuchama rhoqo kunye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha, zisenokungabonakali de izintso zilahlekelwe malunga ne-40% yomsebenzi wazo. Yiyo loo nto uvavanyo lwe-eGFR lubalulekile. Lunokusibona isifo kwangethuba kwaye luqalise unyango lokucothisa okanye ukunqanda umonakalo kwizintso.

Ngubani olu vavanyo lwe-`(eGFR)` olubaluleke kakhulu kuye?

Oogqirha basebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-eGFR ukuze babone ukuba isifo sezintso siqalile na, kunye nokufumanisa inqanaba lesi sifo kumntu osele enesifo sezintso.

Abantu abaneengxaki ezithile zempilo basengozini enkulu yokuba neengxaki zezintso. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi meko, okanye usela amayeza azo, ugqirha wakho unokujonga impilo yezintso zakho rhoqo esebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-eGFR:

• Ukuba uneziphene zokuzalwa ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwezintso.
• Ukuba unesifo semithambo yegazi okanye isifo sentliziyo .
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile (iDiabetes Mellitus) .
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho okhe waba nesifo sezintso .
• Ukuba unezifo zomchamo ezixhaphakileyo (ii-UTI) okanye ukuvaleka komchamo .
• Ukuba une- high blood pressure .
• Ukuba unembali yokutshaya .
• Ukuba utyebile kakhulu .

Kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanezi zinto zinobungozi ukuba baqaphele ixabiso labo le-eGFR.

Oogqirha bayifumana njani le `(eGFR)` ixabiso?

Enyanisweni, uvavanyo olulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo izinga elisetyenziswa ligazi lokucoca izintso (i-GFR) luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto luhlala lwenziwa kuphela kuphando okanye kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, njengokufakelwa kwezintso. Endaweni yoko, oogqirha basebenzisa ifomula ukufumana ixabiso eliqikelelweyo, elibizwa ngokuba yi-"eGFR". Le fomula isekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi lwe-"serum creatinine", kunye nolwazi olufana neminyaka yakho kunye nesini sakho.

Ngoku, yintoni le `(serum creatinine)` yovavanyo lwegazi ? Ilinganisa inqanaba lenkunkuma ebizwa ngokuba yi`(creatinine)` egazini lakho. Umzimba wethu uvelisa ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi`(creatinine)`, eyiyo enika izihlunu zethu amandla. Xa izihlunu zethu zisebenzisa la mandla, izihlunu zemisipha ziyaqhekeka, kwaye imveliso yenkunkuma enetyhefu ebizwa ngokuba yi`(creatinine)` ikhutshwa egazini. Izintso eziphilileyo zihluza le mveliso inetyhefu ebizwa ngokuba yi`(creatinine)` egazini kwaye ikhutshwa emzimbeni xa uchama. Nangona kunjalo, xa unesifo sezintso, le `(creatinine)` ihlala egazini kwaye iqala ukuqokelelana kancinci kancinci.

Ukuze ubale i-eGFR yakho, ugqirha wakho uza kusebenzisa into efana nenkqubo yokubala yeNational Kidney Foundation. Oku kuchatshazelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Inqanaba lakho le-creatinine.
• Ubudala.
• Isini.
• Ubude kunye nobunzima.
• Uhlanga kunye/okanye uhlanga (oku kukwachaphazela ezinye izibalo).

Yintoni omele uyenze ngaphambi kovavanyo lwegazi lwe-`(Serum Creatinine)`?

Olu vavanyo lwegazi lwe-`(serum creatinine)` lunobuthathaka kakhulu. Ke ngoko, kufuneka ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo ngaphambi kovavanyo lwegazi. Usenokucelwa ukuba uzile ukutya (uzile ukutya) , oko kuthetha ukusela ulwelo kuphela kwaye ungatyi ukutya okuqinileyo, ixesha elithile ngaphambi kovavanyo. Usenokucelwa ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza athile okwethutyana.

Enye into kukuba ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba ungayityi inyama ephekiweyo ngosuku olungaphambi kovavanyo. Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba ukutya inyama kunokunyusa amanqanaba e-creatinine okwethutyana. Ngoko ke, kungcono ukuba uqaphele ezi zinto ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

Zithetha ukuthini ixabiso elithi `(eGFR)`?

Oogqirha balinganisa i-eGFR ngee-milliliters ngomzuzu, yahlulwe ngokomphezulu womzimba (mL/min/1.73m2) .

Amaxabiso e-`(eGFR)` anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka, isini, kunye nezinye izinto. Eli xabiso ngokwendalo liyehla kancinci njengoko sikhula size silahlekelwe bubunzima bezihlunu. Umzekelo, ngelixa ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-`(eGFR)` kumntu oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala limalunga ne-116 mL/min/1.73 m2, linokwehla liye kuma-85 mL/min/1.73 m2 kumntu oneminyaka engama-60 ubudala.

Ngokubanzi, ixabiso le-"eGFR" elingaphezulu kwama-60 lithetha ukuba umsebenzi wezintso zakho ubuncinci yi-60%. Okukhona ixabiso liphezulu, kokukhona umsebenzi wezintso uqwalaselwa ngcono .

Ungabona amaxabiso amabini `(eGFR)` kwingxelo yakho, elinye labamnyama nelinye labangengabo abamnyama. Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba abantu baseAfrika banemveliso ephezulu kancinci `(creatinine)` kunye nobunzima bemisipha kunabanye, ngoko ke ixabiso labo `(eGFR)` linokuba phezulu. Ekubeni ilebhu ingalwazi uhlanga lwakho, ngamanye amaxesha omabini amaxabiso athunyelwa kwingxelo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kusenokungabi luncedo kangako kuthi eSri Lanka, kodwa kulungile ukwazi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ugqirha wakho achaze ingxelo yakho ngokuchanekileyo.

Yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-eGFR nesifo sezintso?

Ukuba i-eGFR yakho ingaphantsi kwama-60 kangangeenyanga ezintathu ezilandelelanayo , ugqirha wakho unokukufumanisa unesifo sezintso esingapheliyo .

Kukho amanqanaba amahlanu aphambili esi sifo sezintso:

• Inqanaba loku-1 (eGFR 90 nangaphezulu): Oku kuthetha ukuba kunokubakho umonakalo omncinci kwizintso, kodwa izintso zisasebenza kakuhle.
• Inqanaba lesi-2 (i-eGFR phakathi kwama-60 nama-89): Oku kuthetha ukuba izintso zonakele kancinci kunenqanaba loku-1, kodwa zisasebenza kakuhle.
• Inqanaba lesi-3 (eGFR phakathi kwama-30 nama-59): Oku kuthetha ukuba ukusebenza kwezintso kuye kwehla. Ezinye iimpawu zinokubakho kweli nqanaba.
• Inqanaba lesi-4 (i-eGFR phakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-29): Oku kuthetha ukuba ukusebenza kwezintso kuphantsi kakhulu, kwaye kukho umonakalo ophakathi ukuya kowona unzima wezintso.
• Inqanaba lesi-5 (i-eGFR engaphantsi kwe-15): Olu luphawu lokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso . Oku kuthetha ukuba izintso zakho zisebenza ngaphantsi kwe-15%. Eli nqanaba lelona liyingozi kwaye linokuba yingozi ebomini. Aba bantu banokufuna i-dialysis (ukucoca igazi ngomatshini) okanye ukufakelwa izintso .

Musa ukoyika, wakuba usazi ngeli nqanaba. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba nokuba ixabiso le-`(eGFR)` liphantsi, ukuba lifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye kwenziwe unyango olufanelekileyo kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, umonakalo kwizintso unokulawulwa kakhulu.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezilandelayo ukuba ixabiso le-`(eGFR)` aliqhelekanga?

Ukuba i-eGFR yakho ayiqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo ukuze ahlole ubungakanani bomonakalo wezintso kunye nokufumanisa unobangela woko kungaqhelekanga:

• Uvavanyo lomchamo: Uvavanyo lwe -albumin (uhlobo lweproteni) kunye negazi kumchamo. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zesifo sezintso.
• I-ultrasound yezintso okanye i-CT scan:Jonga amatye ezintso, umhlaza wezintso, okanye ezinye iingxaki zomchamo.
• Uvavanyo lokuhlanjululwa kwe-creatinine: Lulinganisa amanqanaba e-creatinine kumchamo nasegazini ngaxeshanye.
• I-biopsy yezintso: Yazi kakuhle uhlobo kunye nobunzima besifo sezintso.

Unyango olungcono kuwe luya kugqitywa ngokusekelwe kulwazi olufunyenwe kwezi mvavanyo.

Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?

Ukuba unesifo sezintso, okanye unezinto ezinokubangela isifo sezintso, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu:

• Ukuba kufuneka uchame rhoqo, ukuba unegazi kumchamo wakho, okanye ukuba umchamo wakho unegwebu.
• Ukuba ulusu lomile, lurhawuzelela, okanye lunombala omnyama.
• Ukuba uziva udiniwe kakhulu .
• Ukuba izihlunu ziyashukuma kwaye umzimba uziva ngathi uyaxhuzula.
• Ukuba unesicaphucaphu okanye uhlanza .
• Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla .
• Ukuba izandla zakho, iinyawo, okanye amaqatha akho avuvukile .

Musa ukuzityeshela ezi mpawu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - izinto ekufuneka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu nge-`(eGFR)` ngoku, akunjalo?

Khumbula, ukuba usemngciphekweni wokuba nesifo sezintso, okanye ukuba sele unesifo sezintso, kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga ixabiso lakho le-"eGFR" rhoqo. Oku kuyasebenza nakwabo bathatha amayeza athile.

Ukuba i-eGFR yakho ibonisa izinga elithile lesifo sezintso, ungathatha amanyathelo okukhusela izintso zakho ekonakaleni okungakumbi. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye isifo seswekile. Ungayiphucula impilo yezintso ngokunciphisa umzimba (ukuba kuyimfuneko), ukuzilolonga, nokutya ukutya okunesondlo, okungenatyuwa ingako .

Ngoko ke, hlala ujonge ixabiso lakho le-`(eGFR)`. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Izintso ezimbini eziphilileyo zinegalelo elikhulu kubomi obusempilweni!

Izintso , i-eGFR, i-creatinine, isifo sezintso, uvavanyo lwegazi, impilo, uvavanyo lomchamo