Masifunde nje ngee-electrolytes, ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni!

Ngaba wakha waliva igama elithi 'electrolytes' ngaphambili? Mhlawumbi ukhe waliva xa ubila emva kokuzilolonga, okanye xa umntu egula kwaye ephelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni. Zithini kanye kanye ezi electrolytes? Kutheni imizimba yethu izifuna? Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula.

Zithini ii-electrolytes? Ngamafutshane...

Cinga ngayo, ii-electrolyte zizinto ezincinci ezithi xa zinyibilikisiwe emanzini, zenze itshaja encinci yombane (okanye into efana nomsinga omncinci). Ezinye zezi zinto zithatha itshaja entle (+), kwaye ezinye zithatha itshaja embi (-). Imizimba yethu, kwimeko yomntu omdala, imalunga nama-60% amanzi. Oko kuthetha ukuba yonke iseli emzimbeni, phantse yonke i-fluid, inala ma-electrolyte. Ezi zezona zinceda ukusabela kweekhemikhali zomzimba wethu ukuba kuqhubeke ngokufanelekileyo, kugcinwe ulwelo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweeseli lulungelelene, kwaye zenze nezinye izinto ezininzi.

Sifumana ezi electrolytes ekutyeni esikutyayo nesikuselayo. Izintso zethu zikhupha ii-electrolytes ezigqithisileyo ngomchamo. Ii-electrolytes nazo ziyalahleka emizimbeni yethu xa sibila.

Kulula ukuba nawe uyawakhumbula la mazwi!

Kukho amagama ambalwa esiwava rhoqo xa sithetha ngezi electrolytes. Ukuba uwaqonda ngokulula, ungaqonda lula nento ethethwa ngugqirha.

• I-Hyper- : Xa eli gama lifika ngaphambi kwalo, lithetha ukuba kukho into eninzi kakhulu . Umzekelo, ukuba kukho i-sodium eninzi kakhulu, ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Hypernatremia'.
• I-Hypo- : Xa eli gama liza kuqala, lithetha ukuba kukho ukunqongophala kwento ethile. Umzekelo, i-sodium ephantsi ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Hyponatremia'.
• I-Ion : Oku kubhekisa kwi-athomu enomtshiso wombane. Ifana nebhetri encinci.
• IiCations : Ezi zii-ions ezinetshaja yombane echanekileyo (+).
• Ii-Anions : Ezi zii-ions ezinetshaja yombane engalunganga (-).
• i-pH (pH) : Oku kulinganisa ukuba ulwelo lune-asidi (njenge-asidi), olusisiseko (njengesepha), okanye olungathathi cala (njengamanzi). I-'pH` eqhelekileyo yegazi lethu kufuneka ibe phakathi kwe-7.36 kunye ne-7.44.
• I-asidi : Ukuba ixabiso le-pH lingaphantsi kwe-7.
• Ingathathi cala : Ukuba ixabiso le-`pH` liyi-7 ngqo.
• Isiseko/I-Alkaline : Ukuba ixabiso le-`pH` lingaphezulu kwe-7. Isiseko sikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"alkaline".

Yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa yi-electrolytes emizimbeni yethu?

Iiseli emzimbeni wakho zisebenzisa ezi electrolytes ukusingatha iintlawulo zombane. Ezi ntlawulo zombane zezona zenza izihlunu zakho ziqine kwaye zoluleke. Cinga ngako, xa ushukumisa ingalo yakho, xa uvala amehlo akho, xa intliziyo yakho ibetha - ezi electrolytes zibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke ezi zinto.

Ayipheleli apho, kodwa la macala ombane akwanceda kwiimpendulo zeekhemikhali. Ngokukodwa, ii-electrolytes zibalulekile ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukufunxa amanzi (hydration) kwaye ugcine ulungelelwano phakathi kobuninzi bolwelo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweeseli.

Ukunika umzekelo olula, thabatha amanzi anetyuwa. Umbane uhamba emanzini anetyuwa, akunjalo? Isizathu soku kukuba ityuwa yenziwe yi-sodium (etshajiweyo kakuhle) kunye ne-chlorine (etshajiweyo kakubi). Xa ezi zimbini zidityanisiwe, ii-charges ziyalingana. Kodwa xa ityuwa inyibilika emanzini, ii-athomu ze-sodium kunye ne-chlorine ziyahlukana zibe yi-ions ezinee-charges ezintle nezimbi kwakhona. Emva koko umbane uhamba phakathi kwezi i-ions ze-sodium kunye ne-chlorine, kungekhona phakathi kwee-molecules zamanzi.

Kwenzeka into efanayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Ii-electrolytes zinceda ekuhambiseni iikhemikhali zingene kwaye ziphume kwiiseli zethu. Ngamanye amazwi, ii-electrolytes zifana namaqhawe amancinci agcina imizimba yethu ilungelelene.

Zeziphi ii-electrolytes ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu?

Kukho izinto ezibalulekileyo ezibalulekileyo ekugcineni amanqanaba e-electrolyte afanelekileyo emizimbeni yethu. Ngoku makhe sijonge ezi zinto zibalulekileyo kwaye kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ziba phezulu kakhulu (Hyper-) okanye ziphantsi kakhulu (Hypo-) emzimbeni.

Isodiyam (+)

I-Sodium yinto ebaluleke kakhulu enceda ukugcina ulwelo olufanelekileyo ngaphakathi kwiiseli. Ikwanceda iiseli ukufunxa izondlo. I-Sodium yeyona electrolyte ion ininzi emizimbeni yethu.

• I-Hypernatremia : Oku kunokubangela ukudideka, utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha, ukulahlekelwa kukulawula izihlunu, ukuxhuzula , kwanokuquleka.
• Ukunqongophala kweSodium (Hyponatremia) : Oku kunokubangela ukudideka, ukucaphuka, ubuthathaka bemisipha, isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, ukuxhuzula , kwanokuquleka.

I-Magnesium (+)

I-magnesium inceda iiseli ziguqule izondlo zibe ngamandla. I-magnesium ibalulekile ukuze ingqondo yakho kunye nemisipha zisebenze kakuhle.

• I-Hypermagnesemia : Ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi sentliziyo (ii-Arrhythmias), ubuthathaka bemisipha, ubunzima bokuphefumla, kunye nokuma kwentliziyo kunokwenzeka.
• Ukunqongophala kweMagnesium (Hypomagnesemia) : Ubuthathaka bemisipha, ukuqaqamba, ukungakwazi ukulawula, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo (arrhythmias) kunokwenzeka. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa kukunqongophala kwe-calcium kunye ne-potassium.

I-Potassium (+)

Iiseli zisebenzisa i-potassium kunye ne-sodium. Xa i-sodium ion ingena kwiseli, i-potassium ion iyaphuma. Yiyo loo nto. I-Potassium ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwentliziyo yakho. Ukuba ininzi kakhulu okanye incinci kakhulu inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu zentliziyo.

• Ukwanda kwe-potassium (i-Hyperkalemia): Umzimba ongenabomi, ukungakwazi ukushukumisa izihlunu, ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (i-arrhythmias) kunokwenzeka.
• I-potassium ephantsi (i-Hypokalemia) : Iimpawu ziquka ubuthathaka bemisipha, iintlungu zomqolo, ukuchama rhoqo, isiyezi xa umi, kunye nokuquleka. Ukuba oku kuba phezulu kakhulu, izicubu zemisipha zingaqala ukuwohloka (imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-rhabdomyolysis, enokubangela umonakalo omkhulu wezintso) kunye nokuphazamiseka kwentliziyo okuyingozi (i-arrhythmias).

I-calcium (+)

Xa sicinga nge-calcium, siyicinga njengento eqinisa amazinyo namathambo. Yiyo loo nto. Kodwa i-calcium iyadingeka kwizinto ezininzi ngaphezu koko. I-calcium ikwabalulekile kwizinto ezifana nokulawula izihlunu, ukudlulisa imiyalezo ngemithambo-luvo, kunye nokulawula ukubetha kwentliziyo. Nokuba i-calcium egazini iphezulu okanye iphantsi, inokubangela iimpawu ezininzi ezichaphazela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni.

I-calcium eyonyukileyo (i-Hypercalcemia)

• Ingqondo : Intloko ebuhlungu, ukudinwa, ukungabi namdla, ukudideka.
• Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya : ukuqhina, isisu esibuhlungu, ukuhlanza.
• Izintso : Ukuchama rhoqo, amatye ezintso, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
• Intliziyo : Ukungalingani kwesingqisho sentliziyo (iiArrhythmias) (ezinye zinokuba nzima kakhulu).
• Inkqubo yemisipha : Intlungu emathanjeni nasemalungeni.

I-calcium ephantsi (i-Hypocalcemia)

• Ubuchopho : Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha.
• Izihlunu : Izihlunu eziqinileyo, ukungakwazi ukuzilawula, ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, ubunzima bokuthetha nokuphefumla ngenxa yokuqina kwemisipha yomqala.

I-chloride (-)

I-chloride (igama elinikwe i-chlorine ion) yeyona ion yesibini ininzi emzimbeni. Ikwabaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ulungelelwaniso lolwelo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweeseli. Ikwanceda ukugcina ulungelelwaniso lwendalo lwe-'pH' yomzimba.

• I-Hyperchloremia : Oku kunokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-acidosis (ukwanda kwe-asidi egazini). Oku kunokubangela isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, ukudinwa, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, nzulu, kunye nokudideka. Oku kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokwanda okanye ukuncipha kwe-potassium.
• Ukuba kunxulunyaniswa nokwanda kwe-potassium: Kunokubakho iingxaki ezinkulu zezintso okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
• Ukunqongophala kwe-potassium kunokunxulunyaniswa norhudo, ukuvuza kolwelo lwe-pancreatic, kunye nezinye izifo ezinzulu zomchamo.
• I-Hypochloremia : Oku kubangela ukuba igazi libe yi-alkaline kakhulu (i-alkalosis). Oku kudla ngokubangelwa yi-hyponatremia okanye ukuhlanza. Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukungakhathali, ukudideka, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemisipha, ukuxhuzula kwemisipha, okanye ukungakwazi ukulawula.

I-Phosphate (-)

I-phosphate yimolekyuli equlethe i-phosphorus. Ibalulekile ekuthuthweni kweekhemikhali kunye neemolekyuli ziphuma kwiiseli. Inceda iiseli ukuba zisebenzise izondlo. Ikwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeemolekyuli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-nucleotides ezenza i-DNA yethu.

• I-Hyperphosphatemia : Oku kudla ngokubangelwa yi-hypocalcemia, njengoko umzimba uzama ukusebenzisa i-calcium endaweni ye-phosphorus. Iimpawu zisenokungabonakali de zibe nzima. Iimpawu zokunqongophala kwe-calcium nazo zinokwenzeka ngale ndlela. Ukukrwela kakhulu kunokunxulunyaniswa noku.
• I-Hypophosphatemia : Uphawu lokuqala loku kubuthathaka kwemisipha. Njengoko imeko isiya isiba mandundu, iimpawu ezinzulu ezifana ne-rhabdomyolysis (ukuwohloka kwemisipha, okunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu wezintso), ukuxhuzula , ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla (ngenxa yobuthathaka bemisipha) zinokubakho.

I-Bicarbonate (-)

Ayizizo zonke iikhabhoni diokside eziveliswa yimizimba yethu eziya emiphungeni zize ziphume. Ezinye ziphinda zisetyenziswe ukwenza i-bicarbonate. Le bicarbonate yiyo enceda ukugcina i-pH yegazi lethu.

• I-Acidosis : Ukuba amanqanaba e-bicarbonate ehla, igazi liba ne-asidi. Oku kunokubangela ukudinwa, isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, nzulu, kunye nokudideka.
• I-Alkalosis : Ukuba amanqanaba e-bicarbonate ayanda, igazi liba yi-alkaline. Oku kunokubangela ukudideka, ukungakhathali, ukubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo (i-arrhythmias), kunye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezinceda ekuchongeni iingxaki ze-electrolyte?

Kukho iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zelebhu ezinokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte. Uvavanyo lokuqala oluhlala lwenziwa luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo, olufana nephaneli ye-metabolic. Ukuba iziphumo aziqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo ngakumbi. Ezi vavanyo zibalulekile kuba zinokunceda ekufumaneni unobangela wokungalingani kwe-electrolyte kwaye zibonelele ngonyango olufanelekileyo.

Uvavanyo olubanzi

Ezi zivavanyo zegazi:

• I-Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) : Le ijonga iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni.
• I-BUN (i-Blood Urea Nitrogen). Oku kunokunika umbono wokusebenza kwezintso kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ibhalansi yolwelo kunye namanqanaba e-electrolyte afana ne-sodium, i-potassium, i-carbon dioxide, kunye ne-chloride.
• Inqanaba leswekile egazini. Ukuba lenziwa ngexesha lokuzila ukutya, linokubonisa isifo seswekile okanye isifo seswekile esingaphambi kokuba sivele.
• Iphaneli yeMetabolic ePheleleyo (i-CMP) : Oku kufana ne-`BMP`, kodwa kuqokelelwa idatha engakumbi.
• Amanqanaba e-calcium.
• Amanqanaba e-Albumin (iproteni eveliswa sisibindi).
• Amanqanaba eeprotheyini zegazi zizonke.
• I-Bilirubin (ikhemikhali eveliswa esibindini).
• Amanqanaba e-enzyme abizwa ngokuba yi-aspartate aminotransferase (AST) kunye ne-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (ezi zinxulumene nokusebenza kwesibindi).
• Iphaneli ye-Electrolyte : Le ifana ne-'Metabolic Panels' ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kodwa le ijonga kuphela ii-electrolytes. Ihlalutya i-sodium, i-chloride, i-potassium, kunye ne-bicarbonate.

Uvavanyo oluthe ngqo ngakumbi

Ezinye iimvavanyo ezithile zeengxaki ze-electrolyte:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-Aldosterone: Olu vavanyo lwe-hormone ekhethekileyo eveliswa zizintso.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-anion gap: Luthelekisa amanqanaba ee-electrolytes ezitshajiweyo kakuhle nezitshajiweyo kakubi.
• Uvavanyo lweHormone ye-Antidiuretic (igazi) / uvavanyo lwe-ADH: Le hormone iyavavanywa.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-carbon dioxide: Lulinganisa ubungakanani be-carbon dioxide egazini.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo olwahlukileyo ukuze ufumane ii-electrolytes ezahlukeneyo (i-chloride, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-sodium).
• Uvavanyo lwe-osmolality yegazi: Oku kwenziwa ukuba kukho ukungabikho komanzi emzimbeni, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kakhulu, okanye ukutyhefwa.
• Uvavanyo lwe-osmolality yomchamo: Lujonga ibhalansi yolwelo.
• Uvavanyo lobungakanani bomchamo: Olu vavanyo luvavanya ukusebenza kwezintso.

Ingxelo yovavanyo endiyifumanayo iza kuba njani?

Iingxelo ezininzi zelebhu ziquka "uluhlu lwereferensi" kunye neziphumo zakho. Oku kunomda ophezulu nophantsi. Ukuba iziphumo zakho ziphakathi kwezi mida zimbini, zithathwa njengeziphumo "eziqhelekileyo".

Ezi ziphumo zihlala zinikwa ngokwemigaqo yokuba "ingakanani into ekuthethwa ngayo ekhoyo kwisampuli."

• IiMillimoles (mmol/L) : Le yeyona yunithi isetyenziswa kakhulu.
• IiMilliequivalents (mEq/L) : Oku kukwasetyenziswa ngamanye amaxesha.
• Iimiligram ngedesilitha nganye (mg/dL) : Oku kusetyenziswa kwiimolekyuli ezinkulu.

Nangona ezi yunithi zokulinganisa zisenokubonakala zinzima kancinci, ugqirha wakho uya kuziqonda kakuhle. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba iziphumo zakho zingaphakathi komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo okanye zingaphandle kwawo.

Zithini iinqanaba eziqhelekileyo zamanqanaba e-electrolyte?

I-electrolyte nganye inomlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wegazi nomchamo. Olu luhlu lunokwahluka kancinci ukusuka kwilabhoratri ukuya kwilabhoratri. Lunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho kunye nempilo yakho. Ngoko ke, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluchanekileyo ngeziphumo zakho.

Ngaba yonke into ilungile ukuba iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ziyabuya? Ngaba iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zihlala ziyingxaki?

Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Asingomntu wonke ofanayo. Ngamanye amaxesha iziphumo zakho zisenokuba ngaphaya kancinci komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo, kodwa usenokungabi nangxaki. Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba iziphumo ziqhelekile, iimpawu zakho kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zinokubonisa ukuba unengxaki yempilo.

Cinga ngomntu osesekisini ejikeleza ipleyiti epalini. Ukuba ipleyiti igobe kakhulu kwicala elinye, iya kuwa. Ukulinganisela kubaluleke kakhulu. Amanqanaba akho e-electrolyte kunye neziphumo zovavanyo zixhomekeke kolo hlobo lokulinganisela. Imizimba yethu isoloko izama ukugcina olu lungelelwano kangangoko inako. Ngamanye amaxesha, umzimba unokunceda inkqubo enye ngokunceda enye, kwaye ingxaki inokufihlwa ukuze ingabonakali phezulu. Ugqirha uya kwenza uthotho lweemvavanyo ukuze abone ukuba umzimba ufihla ingxaki enye kwaye udala enye.

Ndiza kuzazi nini iziphumo zovavanyo?

Ugqirha wakho okanye abasebenzi bakhe banokukuxelela ukuba kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho. Ezinye iimvavanyo zinika iziphumo ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa ezinye zingathatha iintsuku ezininzi.

Ndifanele ndibize ugqirha wam nini?

• Ukuba awuziqondi iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho.
• Ukuba isiphumo singaphaya komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo, unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo ngaso.
• Ukuba ufumana utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwiimpawu ezinxulumene namanqanaba akho e-electrolyte.

Kwimeko efana nale , bubulumko ukuthetha nogqirha ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Ii-electrolyte zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemizimba yethu. Zichaphazela yonke into ukususela kwindlela esifunxa ngayo amanzi ukuya kwindlela intliziyo yethu ebetha ngayo. Uvavanyo lwe-electrolyte lukwanceda oogqirha ukuba bafumanise izifo ezahlukeneyo kunye neengxaki zempilo.

Ngoko ke, ukuqaphela ii-electrolytes kunye neengxaki ezinokuvela kuzo kuya kukunceda uzinyamekele kwaye uphephe iingxaki zempilo ezizayo. Ngale ndlela, ungagcina amanqanaba akho e-electrolyte ejongekile kwaye uphile ubomi obusempilweni. Uyaqonda? Ukuba uneminye imibuzo malunga noku, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho.

Ii - electrolytes, i-sodium, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium, ulwelo lomzimba, itshaja yombane