Amehlo Ethu: Masithethe ngendlela esibona ngayo ihlabathi nendlela yokukhusela amehlo ethu!

Ulibona njani eli hlabathi lihle? Iintyatyambo ezimibalabala, iindawo ezintle zomhlaba, ubuso babantu obathandayo... Konke oku kuboniswa ngamehlo ethu axabisekileyo, akunjalo? Enyanisweni, la mehlo mabini zilungu ezimbini ezimangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Ngoko ke, ziintoni ezi mehlo mabini? Asebenza njani? Masifunde ngale nto ngokulula, ngokungathi sithetha nomhlobo.

Amehlo asebenza njani? Kuyamangalisa!

Cinga ngayo njengeekhamera ezimbini ezintsonkothileyo. Yonke into esiyibonayo iqala ngokukhanya okuvela ngaphandle. Oku kukhanya kungena emehlweni ethu kwaye kuhamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezibonakalayo zeliso. Ezi ndawo yi -cornea , i-aqueous humor , ilensi , kunye ne-vitreous humor . Ezi ndawo zigoba imitha yokukhanya kwaye ziyijolise ngokuchanekileyo.

Oku kujolisa kufuneka kube ngokuchanekileyo . Ngaphandle koko, sibona imifanekiso engacacanga. Izihlunu ezincinci ngaphakathi kweliso lakho zinceda ukuhambisa iliso lakho kancinci, ukuze eli nqaku, eli nqaku lijolise ngqo kwi-retina .

Xa ukukhanya kubetha iiseli ezikwi-retina yakho, zithumela imiqondiso engqondweni yakho. Ezi miqondiso zifana nemiyalezo ebhalwe ngekhowudi. Ziqulathe zonke iinkcukacha zokukhanya, kuquka umbala kunye nobukhali bako. Ingqondo yakho emva koko itolika ezi zimpawu ize ikwenzele umfanekiso. Ayimangalisi loo nto?

Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba amagama athi "ukubona" ​​kunye "nombono" ayafana, kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci. "Ukubona" ​​kubhekisa kwinto eyenziwa ngamehlo akho. "Ukubona" ​​kubhekisa kuyo yonke inkqubo eqala ngamehlo ize iphele ngengqondo iyitolika kwaye idale umfanekiso.

Iindawo ezithile ezimangalisayo zamehlo ethu!

Iliso lomntu yinto enzima kakhulu. Ukuze ubone, zonke ezi ndawo kufuneka zisebenze kakuhle. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na.

• I-Cornea : Oku kufana nefestile yeliso lakho. Kukhusela ingaphakathi leliso lakho. Limanzi kwaye lithanjiswe ziinyembezi zakho. Kukwanceda ukugoba ukukhanya okungena elisweni lakho.
• I-Sclera : Le yinxalenye emhlophe yeliso lakho. Inika iliso imo kunye nolwakhiwo lwalo oluqhelekileyo.
• I-Conjunctiva : Le yinwebu ebhityileyo kakhulu, ecacileyo egubungela i-sclera kunye nengaphakathi le-eyeball yakho.
• Amahlaya Amanzi: Olu lulwelo. Luzaliswe yigumbi elingaphambili ngaphakathi kweliso. Uxinzelelo lolulwelo yilo olugcina iliso linganciphi kwaye lugcina imo yalo.
• I-Iris : Kulapho umbala wamehlo akho umiselwa khona. Abanye abantu banomdaka, abanye banoluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, abanye banoluhlaza, okanye umxube womdaka, omthubi, noluhlaza ( i-hazel ). Indawo emnyama embindini weliso, okanye umfundi, ivulwa zimisipha ezilapha.
• Umfundi : Isangqa esimnyama esiphakathi kwe-iris. Sifana nefestile. Silawula ukuba kukhanya okungakanani okungena elisweni. Siba sincinci ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo size sibe sikhulu ebumnyameni.
• Ilensi : Yile nto igxila ukukhanya okungena elisweni ize ikukhokelele ngasemva kweliso, oko kukuthi, kwi-retina.
• I-Vitreous Humor : Olu lulwelo olucacileyo, olufana nejeli oluzalisa indawo ephakathi kwelensi kunye ne-retina. Lunceda iliso ligcine imo yalo. Ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba yi-vitreous .
• I-Retina : Umaleko weeseli ezibona ukukhanya ngasemva kweliso. Kulapho ukukhanya kuguqulwa khona kube ziimpawu zombane. Iinduku zisetyenziselwa ukubona ekukhanyeni okuphantsi, kwaye iikhowuni zisetyenziselwa ukubona umbala nokubona ngokucacileyo.
• I-Macula : Indawo encinci kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-retina. Inoxanduva lombindi wombono wakho. Oko kukuthi, inoxanduva lokubona izinto ngokucacileyo, nokubona imibala kunye neenkcukacha ezincinci.
• I-Optic Nerve : I-nerve ephambili edibanisa i-retina nobuchopho. Ifana nentambo yedatha. Ithwala imiqondiso esuka emehlweni iye engqondweni. Iqhagamshelwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho.
• Izihlunu zangaphandle : Ezi zinceda ekuhambiseni iliso ngasemva nangaphambili kwaye ziligcine kwindawo enye. Zikwanceda ekutshintsheni indlela elijongise ngayo iliso xa ujonge izinto ezikufutshane okanye ezikude.

Ezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo ezinokuchaphazela amehlo ethu

Amehlo ethu aneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicubu - izihlunu, izicwili ezidityanisiweyo, imithambo-luvo, imithambo yegazi, njl. Ngoko ke, izifo zamehlo nazo ziza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwinxalenye echaphazelekayo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo.

• Iimpazamo zokuhombisa : Ezi zezona ngxaki zokubona zixhaphakileyo abantu abaninzi abanazo. Ngamafutshane, zenzeka xa ukukhanya kungajoliswanga kakuhle kwi-retina. Umzekelo, ukubona izinto kude (i-Myopia) kubangela ukuba izinto zibonakale zicacile kodwa izinto ezikude zibonakale zingacacanga.Izinto ezifana nokubona kude (i-Hyperopia) , apho izinto ezikude zibonakala ngokucacileyo kodwa izinto ezikufutshane zingabonakali, okanye i-astigmatism, apho umbono uphazamiseka khona.
• Izifo ze-corneal : Izifo ezichaphazela i-cornea, inxalenye ecacileyo yeliso. Ezi zinokuzalwa okanye ziphuhle kamva ebomini.
• Izifo zeRetina : Ezi zinokubangelwa ziingxaki ezichaphazela ngqo i-retina. Okanye zingaba sisiphumo esingesihle sesinye isifo. Umzekelo, abantu abanesifo seswekile banokuyonakalisa i-retina ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuqhekeka kwe-retina yenye imeko enzulu.
• Iimeko zeMithambo yoKubona : Izifo ezichaphazela le mithambo ibalulekileyo edibanisa iliso nengqondo. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Optic Neuritis ( ukudumba kwemithambo yoKubona) kunye ne -Optic Atrophy (ukuchithwa kwemithambo yoKubona).
• Izifo zamehlo ezinxulumene nobudala : Ezi zifo zamehlo zixhaphake ngakumbi njengoko sikhula, ingakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-65. Ezinye zincinci, njenge- presbyopia . Kodwa ezinye, ezifana ne -cataracts , i-age-related macular degeneration, okanye i-glaucoma, ziimeko ezinzulu ezinokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kombono ngokusisigxina.

Ukongeza, amehlo anokuchaphazeleka zizinto ezifana nosulelo, ukwenzakala, umhlaza, kunye neziphene zokuzalwa.

Iingxaki zamehlo? Lumka kwezi mpawu!

Ukuba kukho ingxaki emehlweni ethu, indlela esiziva ngayo, oko kukuthi, iimpawu, inokwahluka kakhulu. Isizathu soku kukuba kukho iindawo ezininzi ezichaphazela umbono wethu. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo.

Iingxaki ezibonwa kumphezulu weliso:

• Ukurhawuzelela, ukuba buhlungu, kunye nokutsha emehlweni.
• Ububomvu bamehlo.
• Ukulila rhoqo, amehlo eziva emanzi.
• Ukukhupha into efana nolwelo okanye ubomvu emehlweni.

Utshintsho kwinkangeleko okanye kwindawo yeliso:

• Ukutshintsha kombala wenxalenye emhlophe yeliso (i-sclera) (umz. luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, tyheli).
• Utshintsho kwinkangeleko ye-iris okanye umfundi (umz., i-leukocoria - iris ibonakala imhlophe, i-coloboma - ukulahleka kwenxalenye ye-iris).
• I-Strabismus kuxa amehlo engajonganga kakuhle, elinye lawo lijika libheke ngaphakathi ( Esotropia) , ngaphandle (Exotropia) , phezulu (Hypertropia) , okanye ezantsi ( Hypotropia ). Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -strabismus .

Utshintsho kumsebenzi wokubona:

Ezi ziimpawu esizivayo ngoko nangoko.

• Ukungaboni kakuhle, ukubona kungacacanga: Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yeengxaki zokubona.
• Iingxaki ezithile zokubona : Ukungaboni ebusuku , Ukungaboni ngombala .
• Ukuncipha okanye ukulahleka kokubona : Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso, okanye ukulahleka kancinci kancinci kokubona okukhokelela ekubeni yimfama.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokubona : Ukubona kabini , ukubona izibane ezikhanyayo ( ii-Aura ) phambi kwamehlo (umz., njengakwi- ocular migraines ).
• Ukoyika ukukhanya/Ukungaziva nzulu : Amehlo ayaqaqamba xa ejonge ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba akhethe iindawo ezimnyama.

Unxibelelwano phakathi kwamehlo nengqondo lubaluleke kakhulu!

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona iimpawu zesifo samehlo zikhona, ingxaki ayikho emehlweni ngokwawo. Ingabangelwa sisifo esikwenye indawo emzimbeni wethu. Umzekelo, i-jaundice ibangela ukuba amehlo abe tyheli.

Sivile ukuba "amehlo yifestile yomphefumlo." Ngokwezonyango, amehlo afana nefestile yobuchopho bethu. Kuba, ezinye iimpawu ezibonwa emehlweni zinokubonisa iingxaki ebuchosheni. I-optic nerve yakho yintsebenziswano ethe ngqo phakathi kweliso nengqondo. Enyanisweni, i-retina yakho iyinxalenye yeCentral Nervous System yakho, eyinxalenye yengqondo kunye nomqolo. Yiyo loo nto utshintsho lombono luphawu oluphambili kwiimeko zokwenzakala kwengqondo (ukungqubana kwemisipha) okanye iimeko ezifana nestroke .

Injani impilo yamehlo akho? Ungayifumana le mpendulo ngezi mvavanyo!

Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezenziwa ngoogqirha ukujonga impilo yamehlo akho. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukhe weva ngezinye zazo.

• Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlolwa amehlo rhoqo . Nokuba udinga iiglasi okanye awuzidingi, licebo elihle ukuvavanywa amehlo kube kanye ngonyaka okanye qho emva kweminyaka emibini. Oku kunokufumanisa izifo ezininzi zamehlo ngaphambi kokuba ube neempawu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza olu vavanyo ukuba unezinye izifo, ezifana nesifo seswekile.
• Uvavanyo lokungaboni umbala .
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso oluqhelekileyo, olufana ne -ultrasound okanye i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
• Uvavanyo lweGlaucoma .
• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kweso.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso ye-retina .
• Uvavanyo lwesibane esiqhekekileyo : Oku kuvumela ugqirha wamehlo ukuba akhulise izakhiwo ezibuthathaka ngaphakathi kweliso.
• Uvavanyo lobuchule bokubona: Ukufunda iileta nokujonga amehlo.
• Uvavanyo lwentsimi ebonakalayo : Ukujonga ukuba ungayibona kangakanani indawo ekungqongileyo.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho kunye nezizathu ezikrokrelwayo, ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe olunye uvavanyo. Nguye umntu ofanelekileyo ukwazi iinkcukacha.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwezifo zamehlo?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwezifo zamehlo. Ezinye iingxaki ezincinci zineendlela ezilula zonyango. Ezinye zifuna unyango oluntsonkothileyo. Akukho nto inokubangela ixhala, ngoku kukho iindlela ezilungileyo zonyango ezininzi.

• Ukulungiswa kokubona : Olu lolona nyango luphambili lweengxaki zokubona. Iiglasi kunye neelensi zokunxibelelana zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Abanye abantu bafuna iiglasi ezibhalwe ngugqirha okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana. Abanye abantu banokusebenzisa iiglasi zokufunda kuphela. Abanye banokukhetha utyando lokulungiswa kokubona .
• Amayeza : Izifo ezininzi ezichaphazela amehlo ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo zinokunyangwa ngamayeza. Ezi zinokuba ngamaconsi okanye amafutha okuthambisa amehlo , okanye amayeza omlomo okanye inaliti. Kuxhomekeke kwisifo.
• Utyando : Izifo ezininzi zamehlo zinokunyangwa ngotyando. Umzekelo, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne -phacoemulsification (esebenzisa i-ultrasound ukwahlulahlula i-white matter yeliso), i-cryotherapy (esebenzisa ukubanda kakhulu) , i-radiofrequency ablation (esebenzisa ubushushu obukhulu) , kunye notyando lwe-laser .

Kusenokubakho ezinye iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kukuchazela ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele imeko yakho.

Singawagcina njani amehlo ethu axabisekileyo ephilile?

Kukho izinto ezimbalwa esinokuzenza ukuze sigcine amehlo ethu esempilweni. Zilula kakhulu, kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu.

• Fumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo : Kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu, nokuba unxiba iiglasi okanye akanxibi, ahlolwe amehlo rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini. Ukuba usengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo samehlo, unokufuna ukuhlolwa amehlo akho rhoqo. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kukunika iingcebiso ngale nto.
• Khusela amehlo akho : Nxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko okanye iiglasi xa usebenza kwindawo yokusebenza, usebenzisa iikhemikhali, usebenzisa oomatshini, okanye xa udlala imidlalo. Kusenokubonakala ngathi yingxaki, kodwa kunokukusindisa ekonakaleni okukhulu kwamehlo nakwiintlungu.
• Yeka ukutshaya, okanye ungaqali : iNicotineIimveliso zecuba (iicuba, i-vaping, icuba lokuhlafuna) zingonakalisa inkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi ngokuhamba kwexesha, ingakumbi imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka emehlweni akho. Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokuyeka, thetha nogqirha wakho.
• Beka phambili ukutya okunesondlo : Fumana iivithamini, iiminerali, kunye nezinye izondlo ezibalulekileyo kwimpilo yamehlo. Faka imifuno eluhlaza, iziqhamo kunye nentlanzi ekutyeni kwakho.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo : Ubunzima bomzimba wakho kunye nempilo iyonke nayo iyayichaphazela impilo yamehlo akho.
• Ungaze ungazinaki iimpawu zamehlo : Utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho, okanye naluphi na olunye uphawu oluchaphazela amehlo akho, lunokuba luphawu lokuqala lwengxaki enkulu. Qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wamehlo okanye omnye umntu osebenza kwezempilo kwaye uxoxe ngezinto ezikuxhalabisayo. Kulungile ukuba akukho ngxaki, kodwa ukuba ikho, kufanelekile ukuyifumana ngaphambi kokuba ibe mandundu.

Ngamaxesha anje, ngokuqinisekileyo funa ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza!

Kukho amaxesha apho kufuneka ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo emehlweni akho. Ziqaphele ezi zinto, kuba zinokuba ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo:

• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso, okungaphelelanga okanye okupheleleyo, okanye okunciphile kakhulu kwelinye okanye kuwo omabini amehlo.
• Ukuba kukho into ebambeke esweni lakho, okanye ukuba uziva ngathi kukho into esweni lakho kodwa awukwazi ukubona nto.
• Ukuba utsha ujikeleze amehlo okanye amehlo akho (nokuba kukutsha okuncinci).
• Ukuba iliso liba bomvu, lidumbe, likruquke, okanye liphume igazi ngenxa yokwenzakala.
• Ukuba kukho ukudumba kwithambo elijikeleze iliso.
• Ukuba amehlo aphuma ngaphezu kwesiqhelo.
• Ukuba umbono wakho ngequbuliso uba lufifi kwaye ubonakala ngathi yinkungu.
• Ukuba ufumana ezinye iimpawu zosulelo, ezinje ngokuhlanza, ukubanda, kunye nomkhuhlane, kunye neengxaki zamehlo.
• Ukuba ubona ukukhanya phambi kwamehlo akho, ukuba ngequbuliso unee -floaters ezingaphezulu, okanye ukuba ubona isikrini esimnyama siwela phambi kwamehlo akho (ezi zisenokuba ziimpawu zokuqhekeka kwe-retina ).
• Ukuba umbono wakho ubonakala ngathi yingqokelela yeziqwenga ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo ( umbono weKaleidoscope ).
• Ukuba awukwazi ukujika amehlo akho aye kwicala elinye njengoko uqhele ukwenza.
• Ukuba umbono wakho ngequbuliso uba njengombono we-tunnel (oko kuthetha ukuba awukwazi ukubona okukungqongileyo, kodwa jonga phambili kuphela).
• Ukugqwetheka okanye ukulahleka kombono ophakathi (nokuba kukho utshintsho okanye akukho tshintsho kumbono ongaphandle).

Nokuba ayikho kolu luhlu, ukuba ucinga ukuba unengxaki enkulu yamehlo, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. Ukwenza njalo kunokukhusela umbono wakho kwaye mhlawumbi kusindise nobomi bakho.

Zeziphi iingxaki zamehlo eziqhelekileyo?

Ngaphandle kweemeko zexeshana (ezifana nosulelo lwamehlo, imikrwelo), iingxaki zamehlo eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Iimpazamo zokuhombisa .
• Iikhathalogu ezinxulumene nobudala.
• Ukuwohloka kwe-macular okunxulumene nobudala .
• Izifo ze-retina (ingakumbi i-retinopathy yesifo seswekile ebangelwa sisifo seswekile).
• I-Glaucoma .
• Isifo samehlo awomileyo .

Okokugqibela, zimbalwa izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule...

Ngoko ke, ngokwento esithethe ngayo namhlanje, mhlawumbi ungayiqonda indlela axabiseke ngayo amehlo ethu, kunye nokubaluleka kwawo ukuwakhusela. Amehlo ethu afana nefestile yengqondo yethu apho sibona khona ihlabathi. Sisenokungaqondi ixabiso lawo de asebenze kakuhle. Kodwa kuphela xa sinengxaki encinci apho siqonda khona ukuba axabiseke kangakanani.

Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga nokubona kwakho, musa ukuzityeshela. Musa ukuzithatha njengento encinci. Bonana nogqirha wamehlo ngoko nangoko. Ayinakukhusela nje kuphela ukubona kwakho okuxabisekileyo, inokukunceda ufumane imeko enzulu ngakumbi kwangethuba.

Lumka amehlo akho!

Amehlo , umbono, izifo zamehlo, uhlolo lwamehlo, impilo yamehlo, iingxaki zokubona, ukhathalelo lwamehlo