Amandla amakhulu angaphakathi kweentloko zethu: Yonke into malunga nengqondo! (Ingqondo)

Molo! Unjani? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomnye wamalungu amangalisayo nabalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Loo nto yingqondo yethu. Ifana nekhompyutha enkulu emzimbeni wethu. Yonke into esiyenzayo, esiyithethayo, esiyicingayo, esivakalelwa ngayo, esikhumbulayo, ilawula konke oku. Khawucinge nje, ufunda oku ngoku ngenxa yengqondo yakho!

Ngoko ke yintoni le ngqondo? (`Ingqondo`)

Ngamafutshane, ingqondo yakho sisitho esintsonkothileyo nesinamandla. Izinto ozibonayo ngeemvakalelo zakho ezintlanu (ukubona, ukuva, ukuvumba, ukungcamla, ukuchukumisa), iimvakalelo zakho (ezifana nosizi, uvuyo, umsindo), iingcinga zakho, iinkumbulo zakho, indlela ohamba ngayo, indlela othetha ngayo, indlela oziphatha ngayo... konke oku kulawulwa kwaye kulawulwa yingqondo.

Ayipheleli apho, kodwa ikwanyamekela izinto ongaziqondiyo. Cinga ngayo, ukuphefumla kwakho, ubushushu bomzimba wakho, ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho... Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ucinge ngezi zinto. Zenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo . Konke oko kwenziwa yingqondo yethu. Enyanisweni, okukwenza ube ngulowo unguye, wahluke kwabanye, kwaye ukhethekile kungenxa yala makhono amangalisayo engqondweni yakho.

Ingqondo yakho yenziwe ngamacandelo amaninzi ahlukeneyo, kodwa adibeneyo. Le nkqubo isebenza ngokuthumela imiyalezo phakathi kweeseli ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurons . Le miyalezo yile nto ingqondo eyiqondayo, iyiguqulela ekubeni yintsingiselo emizimbeni yethu, kwaye isivumela ukuba sisebenze kakuhle.

Ingqondo yakho iqhagamshelwe kwi- spinal cord yakho. Zombini zenza inkqubo yethu ye-nervous central (CNS) xa zidibene.

Zithini imisebenzi ephambili yobuchopho?

Ngoku, jonga ukuba zingaphi izinto ezenziwa ziingqondo zethu. Nazi ezinye zezona ziphambili:

• Ukulawula izinto esingaziqondiyo nokuba siyazenza: izinto ezinje ngokuphefumla, ukubetha kwentliziyo, ukulala, ubushushu bomzimba.
• Ukuqalisa 'impendulo yokulwa okanye yokubaleka' okanye 'impendulo yoxinzelelo' , esinceda sisinde xa kuvela ingozi ngequbuliso.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezinye izitho zomzimba wethu zisebenza kakuhle.
• Ukulawula iinkumbulo zethu kunye neemvakalelo zethu.
• Iintshukumo zethu ('Umsebenzi weeMotor'), ulungelelwaniso lomzimba, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwemisipha emihle.
• Ukucubungula iimvakalelo ezivela kwiimvakalelo ezintlanu (ukubona, ukuva, ukuvumba, ukuchukumisa, ukungcamla).
• Ukuthetha nokuqonda ulwimi.
• Ukucinga nokwenza izigqibo.

Ngamafutshane, umsebenzi wengqondo kukuthumela, ukwamkela, kunye nokucubungula imiqondiso ehambahambayo kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ephakathi. Le miqondiso yimiyalezo yolwazi evela kwiimvakalelo zethu ezintlanu. Ingqondo ikwaqonda imiqondiso evela ngaphakathi emzimbeni, njengentlungu, ubushushu bomzimba, kunye nesantya sentliziyo. Lolu lwazi olutolikwa yingqondo kwaye lunika intsingiselo kwizinto ezenzekayo ezisingqongileyo.

Ingqondo yethu iyeka nini ukukhula?

Ubusazi na ukuba iingqondo zethu zikhula kakhulu ukususela ngomhla esizalwa ngawo de sibe selula? Nangona kunjalo, kuthatha ixesha ukuba ingqondo ikhule ngokupheleleyo. Le nkqubo ayenzeki de ube phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya ekupheleni .

Elinye lamacandelo okugqibela obuchopho okukhula nokuvuthwa yi -prefrontal cortex . Eli candelo likunceda wenze izigqibo, ubeke phambili imisebenzi, kwaye ulawule iimvakalelo zakho. Ngoko ke esi sisizathu sokuba ngamanye amaxesha ube nengxaki yokwenza izigqibo ngokungxama nokulawula iimvakalelo zakho xa usemncinci. Kuba loo nxalenye ayikacaci kakuhle.

Zithini iindawo eziphambili zobuchopho?

Kukho iindawo ezintathu eziphambili zobuchopho bethu. Masibone ukuba ziyintoni na.

1. Ingqondo (`Ingqondo`):

• Le yeyona nxalenye inkulu yobuchopho. Ifana neqhekeza elikhulu lethanga.
• Nguye lo uqonda ulwazi oluvela kwiimvakalelo zakho ezintlanu.
• Kwakhona, i-cerebellum ilawula izinto esizenzayo ngeengqondo zethu, ezifana nentetho, inkumbulo, ukuziphatha, ubuntu, iintshukumo, ingqiqo kunye nokugweba.
• Yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: i-hemisphere yasekhohlo kunye ne-hemisphere yasekunene . Ezi hemisphere zimbini ziqhagamshelwe yibhulorho eyenziwe ngee -bundles ze-nerve fibers (ezenziwe ngezinto ezimhlophe) ebizwa ngokuba yi-corpus callosum .

2. I-Cerebellum:

• Oku kukwindawo engasemva kwengqondo, kufutshane nesiqu sobuchopho. Kumile okwesangqa esincinci, esincinci.
• Inoxanduva lokugcina ibhalansi yakho, ukuma, ulungelelwaniso, kunye nezakhono zomzimba ezichanekileyo (ezifana nokucinezela iqhosha okanye ukubhala). Cinga ngayo njengeleyo ikunceda ulungelelane xa ukhwela ibhayisekile.

3. Isiseko sengqondo:

• Oku kukwisiseko sobuchopho, njengetyhubhu edibanisa lonke ubuchopho nomqolo.
• Ilawula imisebenzi emininzi ezenzekelayo yomzimba wethu. Ezi zizinto esingazenzi ngabom. Umzekelo, izinto ezifana nokubetha kwentliziyo, ukuphefumla, ukulala nokuvuka, kunye nokuginya.

Ayimangalisi na le nto? La malungu mathathu asebenzisana ukulawula umzimba wethu wonke.

Ingqondo ikhuselwe njani?

Ingqondo yethu sisitho esixabisekileyo nesibuthathaka, ngoko ke kufuneka ikhuselwe kakuhle.

Ingqondo yakho ijikelezwe sisakhiwo samathambo esibizwa ngokuba yicranium . Le yinxalenye yentloko yakho. Ingqondo idada kulwelo olubizwa ngokuba yi-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) . Amathambo entloko kunye ne-CSF kunye akhusela ingqondo ekwenzakaleni. Kufana nesigcina-ntloko!

Ayipheleli apho, kodwa phakathi kwengqondo yakho kunye nentloko yakho, kukho iileya ezintathu zezicubu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-meninges :

• Ubunzima obuhlala ixesha elide:Le yilaphu engaphandle. Igubungela ukhakhayi lwakho.
• I-membrane ye-Arachnoid: Le yingqimba ephakathi. Yithishu encinci egubungela ubuchopho bonke.
• I-Pia mater: Le yingqimba engaphakathi. Iqulethe imithambo yegazi ekhokelela kumphezulu wobuchopho.

Kukho ii-cranial nerves ezili-12 engqondweni yakho. Ii-nerves zithwala imiyalezo phakathi kwengqondo, amalungu omzimba, kunye nemisipha ngokuthumela i-electrical impulses. Le yindlela ulwazi oluvela emzimbeni wakho oluhamba ngayo ngee-nerves ukuya engqondweni, kwaye imiyalezo evela engqondweni iya kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Ezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zobuchopho

Ukongeza kwezi ndawo zintathu ziphambili, ingqondo inezinye iindawo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo nezincinci ezenza imisebenzi ekhethekileyo. Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa zazo.

• UAmygdala: Le yinxalenye yenkqubo yakho ye-limbic . Ikwi -temporal lobes . Inceda ukulawula iimvakalelo zakho, ingakumbi uloyiko.
• I-Basal ganglia: Ezi zizakhiwo ezingaphakathi engqondweni ezilawula iintshukumo zakho.
• IHippocampus: Le yisakhiwo esincinci kwi-cerebral cortex. Inoxanduva lokukhumbula nokufunda kwakho. Ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhumbuleni izinto ezintsha.
• I-Thalamus: Ifumaneka ngaphezulu kwesiseko sobuchopho, oku kufana 'ne-switchboard' yenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ephakathi. Idlulisela ulwazi lweemvakalelo ukusuka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ukuya kwi-cerebral cortex.
• I-Hypothalamus: I-hypothalamus, engaphantsi kwengqondo, ilawula iihomoni kunye nemisebenzi yokuzimela (efana nendlala kunye nonxano).
• I-pituitary gland: I-pituitary gland, ekwi-hypothalamus, ilawula ukuveliswa kweehomoni. Nangona incinci kakhulu, yenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo.
• I-pineal gland: Le gland, ekwi-corpus callosum, ilawula umjikelo wakho wokulala nokuvuka.

Khawuthelekelele indlela ezintsonkothe ​​ngayo zonke ezi nxalenye zincinci xa zidityanisiwe!

Zithini ii-lobes zobuchopho?

Sixoxe ngaphambili ukuba i-cerebrum yahlulwe yaba zii-hemispheres ezimbini (macala). Kwicala ngalinye, kukho ii-lobes ezine (ii-lobes) . Nganye yazo inomsebenzi owahlukileyo.

• Inxalenye yangaphambili:
• Le ikwinxalenye engaphambili yengqondo yakho, ngasemva kwebunzi. Le yeyona lobe inkulu.
• Ilawula izinto ezininzi, ezifana neentshukumo zethu zokuzithandela, ukuqonda uluntu, ukucinga, nokufunda. Ikwanoxanduva lwezinto ezifana nokwenza izigqibo kunye nokucwangcisa.

• I-Occipital lobe:
• Oku kungasemva kwengqondo.
• Le nxalenye yengqondo ikunceda ukuba uqwalasele kwaye uqonde ulwazi olubonakalayo (oko ukubonayo) oluvela emehlweni akho.

• I-lobe ye-parietal:
• Le nxalenye yengqondo, ekwindawo ephezulu nangasemva kwengqondo, ifumana kwaye itolike imiqondiso evela kwezinye iindawo zengqondo, ikunika ukuqonda okukungqongileyo kunye nemeko yomzimba wakho. Ikwanoxanduva lokuva izinto ezifana nokuchukumisa, iintlungu kunye nobushushu.

• I-lobe yexeshana:
• Le nxalenye yengqondo yakho, ekwicala lentloko yakho, kufutshane neendlebe zakho, ikunceda ukuba ufumane iinkumbulo, uqonde ulwimi, kwaye utolike iimvakalelo. Kwakhona kulapho ucubungula khona oko ukuvayo.

Jonga indlela iqela ngalinye elenza ngayo umsebenzi okhethekileyo. Konke oku ngokusebenzisana kuko okusenza sibe 'ngabantu'.

Yintoni 'iGrey and White Matter' engqondweni?

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva 'ngezinto ezingwevu' kunye 'nezinto ezimhlophe' zobuchopho. Ezi ziintlobo ezimbini zezicubu ezikwingqondo. Zibizwa ngombala kunye nomsebenzi wazo.

• Izinto ezingwevu:
• Le yinxalenye emnyama, engaphandle yobuchopho (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-cerebral cortex ).
• Le nto ingwevu ikunceda ngemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, njengokulawula izihlunu, ukusebenzisa izivamvo zakho, ukukhumbula izinto, ukuva iimvakalelo, nokuthetha.

• Ingxaki emhlophe:
• Oku kungaphantsi kwento engwevu, ngombala okhanyayo.
• Oku kukuthumela imiqondiso kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ukuze ikuncede usebenze kakuhle.

Ngamafutshane, ukuba i-grey matter ifana nekhompyutha, i-white matter ifana neentambo ezikuloo khompyutha. Enye ayinakusebenza ngaphandle kwenye.

Zingaphi iiseli esinazo engqondweni yethu?

Kuthiwa kukho malunga neeseli zemithambo-luvo ezingama-86 eebhiliyoni ('iiNeurons') engqondweni yomntu! Kwakhona, kukho inani elilinganayo leeseli ezingezizo ii-neuronal ezibizwa ngokuba zii-'iiseli zeGlial' .

• Ii-Neurons: Ezi ziiseli ezithumela kwaye zamkele imiqondiso yombane neyekhemikhali, njengeentambo ezithwala ulwazi engqondweni.
• Iiseli zeGlial: Ezi zinceda ekugcineni ingqondo, zenze i-myelin ( into enamafutha, ekhuselayo kwi-white matter), kwaye zibonelela ngesondlo engqondweni. Zifana nabancedisi beeseli zemithambo-luvo.

Inani elimangalisayo leeseli, akunjalo?

Ingqondo yomntu inobunzima obungakanani?

Ingqondo yomntu omdala inobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezi-1.4 . Xa sizalwa, inobunzima obumalunga nekhilogram enye. Ikhula ibe malunga neekhilogram ezi-2 ngexesha lobuntwana. Ubunzima bengqondo yakho bunokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwisini sakho kunye nobukhulu bomzimba wakho.

Zeziphi izifo ezinokuchaphazela ingqondo?

Njengoko usazi, ingqondo yethu inoxanduva phantse kuyo yonke into esiyenzayo. Ngenxa yoko, izifo ezichaphazela ingqondo zixhaphake kakhulu. Ezi zifo zinokuhluka ngobukhulu nangobunzima. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer kunye ne-dementia
• I-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
• Ingxaki ye-Autism Spectrum (ASD)
• Ukopha kwegazi ebuchotsheni
• Ithumba lobuchopho
• Ukubetheka kwengqondo ( imeko eyenzeka xa intloko ibethekile)
• Uxinzelelo
• Isifo sokuwa
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (`I-Multiple Sclerosis` - `I-MS`)
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• Istroke
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubangela usizi (TBI)

Ezinye zezi meko zikhona xa umntu ezalwa, ngelixa ezinye zikhula kamva ebomini. Iimpawu ziyahluka. Zinokuchaphazela izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanya impilo yakho yengqondo, intshukumo, inkumbulo, ukucinga, kunye nentetho.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga okanye engaqhelekanga engqondweni yakho. Ukuba uyiqaphela kwangethuba, izinto ezininzi zinokulawulwa kwaye zinyangwe.

Singayigcina njani ingqondo yethu iphilile?

Mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba ingqondo yethu ibaluleke kangakanani kwaye ibaluleke kangakanani. Ihlala isebenza, nokuba silele! Njengoko ufunda oku, ingqondo yakho inyamekela yonke into emzimbeni wakho: uyaphefumla, amehlo akho ayaqhwanyaza, mhlawumbi ikwakukhumbuza ukuba ulambile!

Ngoko ke, ukugcina le ngqondo isempilweni, esebenza rhoqo ukugcina umzimba wethu wonke usebenza kakuhle, kubaluleke kakhulu. Zimbalwa izinto onokuzenza ukuze wenze oko:

• Hlangana nabahlobo, yibani nobudlelwane nabantu: Ukuthetha nabantu nokuhleka kukukhuthaza ingqondo.
• Sombulula iiphazili, qhelisa ubuchopho bakho: Izinto ezifana namagama anqamlezileyo, iSudoku, nokufunda into entsha zinceda ukugcina iiseli zakho zengqondo zisebenza.
• Camngca ukuze unciphise uxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo alulungelanga ingqondo. Zolisa ingqondo yakho ngezinto ezifana nokucamngca kunye nokuzilolonga ngokuphefumla.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Yitya ukutya okunempilo engqondweni okufana nemifuno, iziqhamo, intlanzi kunye namandongomane.
• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo: Ukuzilolonga kuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya engqondweni.
• Lala ngokwaneleyo: Kuxa ulele apho ingqondo izilungisa khona kwaye igcina iinkumbulo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukulala kamnandi ebusuku.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule! (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ingqondo yethu yinto emangalisayo ngokwenene. Yiyo esenza sibe ngabantu esiba ngabo. Ilawula yonke ingcinga, iimvakalelo, kunye nesenzo esisenzayo.

Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nempilo yengqondo yakho, okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba uneempawu zesifo esinxulumene nengqondo (umz., isiyezi esihlala sisenzeka, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ubunzima bokuthetha), nceda ubone ugqirha.Ungakhathazeki, kukho unyango lwezinto ezininzi ukuba uziqaphela kwangethuba.

Lumka kakuhle ubuchopho bakho! Yeyona nto ixabisekileyo kuwe.

Ingqondo , inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi, umsebenzi wobuchopho, i-cerebellum, i-cerebellum, isiqu sobuchopho, iiseli zemithambo-luvo, impilo yobuchopho