Umphathi omncinci wengqondo yethu: Konke malunga neThalamus!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba zingaphi izinto ezimangalisayo ezenzekayo ngaphakathi kwengqondo yethu? Iingqondo zethu ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwaye zibalulekile kakhulu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yengqondo esingazange siyive kangako. Leyo yithalamus . Umsebenzi wayo ufana nonobhala oyintloko eofisini, okanye umphathi wesitishi kwisikhululo sikaloliwe esikhulu. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni le thalamus, yintoni eyenzayo, kwaye kwenzeka ntoni ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo kuyo.

Yintoni iThalamus? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, i-thalamus yakho yisakhiwo esincinci, esimile okweqanda embindini wobuchopho bakho. Ukuchaneka, ikwindawo enzulu yobuchopho bakho. Ayiyodwa, eneneni kukho ii-thalamus ezimbini, enye kwisiqingatha ngasinye sobuchopho bakho.

Khawucinge ngesikhululo sikaloliwe esikhulu kwisixeko esikhulu. Bonke oololiwe bafika apho baze batshintshe indlela. Ngendlela efanayo, lonke ulwazi lwe-motor kunye ne-sensory oluvela emizimbeni yethu - oko kukuthi, izinto esizivayo, izinto esizingcamlayo, izinto esizibonayo, izinto esizichukumisayo (kodwa singazivumba) - luqala lufike kule thalamus. Emva koko i-thalamus ithumela olu lwazi kwindawo efanelekileyo, isithi, "Kulungile, oku kufanele kuhambe apha, oko kufanele kuhambe apho," kwi-cerebral cortex (le yingqimba engaphandle yobuchopho bethu, apho kucingeka kakhulu). Kulapho olo lwazi luhlalutywa khona ngakumbi kwaye siyayiqonda.

Ngokuchanekileyo, i-thalamus ifana nesikhululo sokudlulisela ulwazi engqondweni yethu.

Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni wethu ngethalamus? Zithini imisebenzi yayo?

Umsebenzi ekufuneka wenziwe nguThalamasa awuncinci. Nazi ezinye zezona misebenzi zakhe ziphambili:

• Ukudluliselwa kolwazi oluvela kwiimvakalelo: Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, zonke iimvakalelo esizifumanayo kwiimvakalelo zethu ezintlanu (ngaphandle kwevumba) - ukubona, ukuva, ukungcamla, ukuchukumisa - zithunyelwa engqondweni njengeentshukumo zemithambo-luvo ngethalamus. Ngaphakathi kwithalamus, kukho iindawo ezikhethekileyo zezi mvakalelo nganye, ezibizwa ngokuba ziinuclei . Ezi nuclei zifumana ulwazi, zilucubungule, kwaye ziluthumele kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zecortex yobuchopho.
• Ulwazi ngeMoto: Njengolwazi olunxulumene neemvakalelo, imiyalezo enxulumene neentshukumo ezifana nokuhambisa iingalo nemilenze yethu nokuhamba nayo ithunyelwa engqondweni ngethalamus.
• Ukubeka Ingqalelo Ngaphambili: Khawuthelekelele xa uhamba esitalatweni, zingaphi izinto ozivayo nozibonayo ngaxeshanye, ezinje ngezandi zendlela, abantu abathethayo, njalo njalo? Ngaba bekungayi kuba yinto edidayo ukuba konke oku kungangena engqondweni yakho ngaxeshanye? Ngelo xesha, ingqondo ikunceda ukuba uthathe isigqibo, "Yeyiphi eyona nto ibalulekileyo ngoku? Yintoni ekufuneka ndiyiqwalasele?"
• Ukugcina Ingqondo:Ukulala kudlala indima enkulu ekusigcineni siphaphile kwaye siphaphile.
• Imisebenzi enxulumene nokuqonda kunye nenkumbulo: I-thalamus iqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo yethu ye-limbic . Le nkqubo ye-limbic yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yengqondo yethu elawula iimvakalelo zethu, yakha kwaye igcina iinkumbulo, ibandakanyeka ekuvuselelekeni ngokwesondo, kwaye ibandakanyeka ekufundeni. Ngoko ke i-thalamus ikwanegalelo kule misebenzi.
• Ulawulo Lokulala Nokuvuka: I-thalamus ikwabandakanyeka kwizinto ezifana nomjikelo wethu wokulala, ukusilalisa, nokusivusa.

Ngamafutshane, lo mfana mncinci usinceda ngasese ngezinto ezininzi esizibonayo, esizivayo, esizivakalelwayo, esizicingayo nesizikhumbulayo.

Isebenza njani i-thalamus?

Kulula kakhulu. Imiyalezo yeemvakalelo (oko kukuthi, ulwazi) evela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wethu ihamba ngemithambo-luvo , ihambe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho, ize ekugqibeleni ifike kwi-thalamus.

Ngaphakathi kwithalamus kukho iindawo ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba ziinuclei, esizikhankanyileyo ngaphambili. Nganye kwezi nuclei inoxanduva lokucubungula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemiyalezo yeemvakalelo okanye yeemoto ezivela emzimbeni. Oko kukuthi, inucleus enye yemiyalezo evela emehlweni, kwaye enye yemiyalezo evela ezindlebeni. Ezi nuclei zikhetha ulwazi ezilufumanayo zize ziluthumele ngemicu yemithambo-luvo efanelekileyo kwindawo efanelekileyo ye- cerebral cortex . Kulapho ke siluqonda khona ulwazi ngokuchanekileyo size siluphendule.

Umzekelo, khawucinge ukuba ubona intyatyambo entle. Loo kukhanya kungena elisweni lakho, kwaye ukusuka apho, ulwazi luhamba nge-optic nerve ukuya kwi-visual nucleus kwi-thalamus ("i-Lateral Geniculate Nucleus"). Apho, ulwazi luyacutshungulwa luze luthunyelwe kwi-visual cortex yengqondo. Kulapho ke uqonda khona, "Wow, le yintyatyambo entle."

Iphi ithalamus?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-thalamus ikwindawo ephakathi kwengqondo. Ngokuchanekileyo, ngaphezulu nje kwe-brainstem (inxalenye edibanisa ingqondo nomqolo). Nangona ijongeka njengesakhiwo esinye, eneneni kukho ii-thalamus ezimbini, enye ingasekunene kwengqondo kwaye enye ingasekhohlo.

Ngenxa yokuba ikwindawo ephakathi kangaka, kanye njengokuba izipoki zevili lebhayisekile zisuka kwindawo ephakathi ziye kuzo zonke iindawo zevili, imicu yemithambo-luvo evela kwithalamus iqhagamshelwe phantse kuyo yonke indawo ye-cerebral cortex yobuchopho.

Ngokwezonyango, i-thalamus yinxalenye ye -diencephalon , ekwaquka i-hypothalamus , i-subthalamus, kunye ne-epithalamus.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba i-thalamus yonakele?

Ngoku uyaqonda ukuba i-thalamus ibaluleke kangakanani kwaye ingakanani na umsebenzi wayo. Ngoko khawucinge ukuba zeziphi iingxaki ezinokuvela ukuba kukho into enokwenzeka kwiziko elikhulu kangaka. Enyanisweni, umonakalo kwi-thalamus unokuchaphazela imisebenzi emininzi.

Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka xa i-thalamus yonakele:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo (i-Amnesia): Usenokuba nobunzima bokukhumbula izinto ezintsha uze ulibale izinto ezindala.
• Ukungakhathali: Usenokuphelelwa ngumdla kwizinto obuzithanda ngaphambili.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda okanye ukuthetha ulwimi (i-Aphasia): Ubunzima bokuqonda okuthethwayo, ukungakwazi ukwenza izivakalisi ezihambelanayo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa amagama ngendlela ecacileyo.
• Ubunzima bokugcina ingqalelo, ukungakwazi ukuhlala uphaphile: Kunzima ukugxila kwinto enye, kwaye ungaziva ulele ngalo lonke ixesha.
• Ubunzima bokucubungula ulwazi lweemvakalelo: Izinto ezinje ngokuchukumisa, iintlungu, kunye nobushushu zisenokungavakali kakuhle okanye zisenokuvakala zingaqhelekanga.
• Iingxaki zokunyakaza: Usenokulahlekelwa yibhalansi, ukungcangcazela, kunye nobunzima bokuhamba.
• Ukulala rhoqo: Usenokuziva ulele kakhulu, nokuba kusemini.
• Intlungu engapheliyo: Intlungu ebuhlungu ehamba nokutsha kwelinye icala lomzimba, ingakumbi kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yiThalamic Pain Syndrome .

Iimeko ezinzulu ezinokwenzeka ngenxa yomonakalo kwi-thalamus:

• Ukungazi nto kunye nokungakhuli kakuhle.
• Iingxaki zokulala: Iimeko ezinje ngokungakwazi ukulala . Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, imeko yemfuza ebizwa ngokuba yiFatal Familyal Insomnia inokubangela ukungalali ngokupheleleyo kwanokufa.
• I-Thalamic aphasia: Imeko apho amagama engavakali kakuhle kwaye intetho ingenantsingiselo.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwentshukumo: Izinto ezifana nokungcangcazela.
• Iimpawu zentlungu.
• Iingxaki zokubona: izinto ezifana nokubona okufipheleyo, ukwanda kovakalelo ekukhanyeni.

Izizathu eziphambili zomonakalo kwi-thallus:

• Ukubetheka kwi-thalamus: I-thalamus ingonakaliswa kukuvaleka okanye ukuqhekeka komthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi engqondweni.
• Iithumba ebuchotsheni: Ukuba ithumba ebuchotsheni livela kufutshane nobuchopho, linokutyhala ingqondo lize libangele umonakalo.

Ziziphi iimeko ezithile ezichaphazela i-thalamus?

Kukho ezinye iimeko zempilo ezichaphazela ngqo i-spleen, okanye ziyonakalisa. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Ukungalali Kakhulu Kweentsapho: Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga semfuza esele sithethe ngaso. Sibangelwa sisiphene kuhlobo lweproteni ebizwa ngokuba yiPrion . Abantu abanesifo bayalahlekelwa bubuthongo kancinci kancinci. Kwangaxeshanye, baqala ukuba nexhala, ukudakumba, ii-phobias, kunye nokubona izinto ezingekhoyo. Ekugqibeleni, bafumana ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, ukwehla kobunzima, i-dementia, kunye nokungakwazi ukuthetha, okukhokelela ekufeni. Le yimeko ebuhlungu kakhulu.
• Isifo sikaCreutzfeldt-Jacob kunye nesifo sikaFabry: Kuzo zombini ezi zifo, i-MRI scan ibonisa utshintsho kuxinano kwinxalenye engasemva yethalamus. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Pulvinar sign", olu luphawu olunceda ekuxilongeni ezi zifo.
• I-Korsakoff syndrome: Le yimeko echaphazela kakhulu abantu abasela kakhulu. Yonakalisa isakhiwo esisengqondweni esibizwa ngokuba yi-mammillothalamic fasciculus , esidibene ne-thalamus. Oku kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimemori.

Ngaba kukho unyango olujoliswe kwi-thalamus?

Ewe, kwezinye iimeko, unyango lujoliswe kwi-thalamus. Umzekelo, kubantu abanesifo sikaParkinson abangalawulwa ngokwaneleyo ngamayeza, unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi- Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) lusetyenziselwa ukujolisa kwi-Ventral Intermediate Nucleus ye-thalamus. Oku kunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson, ezifana nokungcangcazela.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka sizikhumbule

Ngoko ke, le thalamus esithethe ngayo namhlanje ngumsebenzi othuleyo kakhulu, kodwa onamandla kakhulu engqondweni yethu.

Liziko eliphambili elisasaza imiyalezo yeemvakalelo (ivumba) kunye neyeentshukumo ezivela emzimbeni wethu ukuya kwingqondo yonke. Kufana neposi enkulu!

• Usinceda sisebenze kakuhle ngeemvakalelo zethu zokubona, zokuva, zokungcamla, nezokuthinta.
• Xa sithutha, ithwala imiyalezo efanelekileyo.
• Ikwanonxibelelwano nezinto ezifana nengqalelo yethu, ukuqonda, ukulala, inkumbulo, kunye neemvakalelo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho umonakalo kwi-thalamus, unokuchaphazela izinto ezininzi ebomini bethu. Ukuba uziva ngathi unezinye zeempawu ezikhankanyiweyo kweli nqaku, nceda ufune iingcebiso zonyango . Kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana unobangela kwaye uwunyange ngokukhawuleza.

I-thalamus sisitho esimangalisayo ngokwenene, akunjalo? Kuyamangalisa ukucinga ukuba zingaphi imisebenzi ebalulekileyo eyenziwa yinxalenye nganye yomzimba wethu!

I- Thalamus, ingqondo, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, imvakalelo, intshukumo, inkumbulo, ukulala, izifo zengqondo