Ngaba uyazi ngebhabhathane elincinci elisentanyeni yakho? Masithethe ngendlala yegilo!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ngesitho esincinci, esimile okwebhabhathane esingaphantsi kwesikhumba ngaphambili entanyeni yakho? Yiyo leyo indlala yegilo. Lilungu elimangalisayo, kodwa elibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Ngamafutshane, le nkwenkwe incinci ilawula imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu.

Yintoni i-thyroid gland? Kwaye yintoni inkqubo ye-endocrine?

Kulungile, masiqale siqonde ukuba yintoni le gland ye-thyroid. Nditshilo ngaphambili, yi -gland encinci efana nebhabhathane . Ukuchaneka, ikwindawo engaphambili entanyeni yakho, ngaphantsi nje kombhobho wakho womoya. Le yinxalenye yenkqubo yethu ye-endocrine . Ngoku ubuza, "Yintoni inkqubo ye-endocrine, gqirha?" Khawuthelekelele, sineefektri ezincinci emizimbeni yethu. Ezi fektri zenza iikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-hormones . Uthungelwano lwazo fektri yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yinkqubo ye-endocrine. Ii-hormones ezenziwe zezi glands ziya ngqo egazini, zihamba emzimbeni wonke, kwaye zithwala imiyalezo kwizitho ezahlukeneyo, ulusu, kunye nemisipha. Zifana nezithunywa emizimbeni yethu. Zixelela imizimba yethu into ekufuneka yenziwe kunye nexesha ekufuneka yenziwe ngalo. Nazi ezinye ii-glands eziyinxalenye yenkqubo yethu ye-endocrine:

• I-Hypothalamus
• Indawo yolwimi lamathe
• Iindlala zeParathyroid
• Iindlala ze-adrenal
• I-pineal gland
• I-Pancreas
• Amaqanda (kwabasetyhini)
• Amasende (amadoda)

Umsebenzi ophambili we-thyroid gland kukulawula izinga lethu le-metabolic . "Metabolism" ithetha nje inkqubo apho ukutya esikutyayo kuguqulwa kube ngamandla. Yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu ifuna amandla ukuze isebenze. I-thyroid ilawula indlela eveliswa kwaye isetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza ngayo loo mandla.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba i-thyroid yakho ayisebenzi kakuhle, inokuchaphazela umzimba wakho wonke. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Kwenzeka ntoni nge-thyroid yam?

Njenge-endocrine gland, i-thyroid ivelisa kwaye ikhuphe iihomoni ezininzi. Ezi zezi:

• I-Thyroxine (T4):Le yeyona hormone iphambili eveliswa yi-thyroid. Nangona kunjalo, ayichaphazeli ngqo imetabolism. Emva kokuba i-T4 ingene egazini, iguqulwa ibe yi-T3 ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-'deiodination'.
• I-Triiodothyronine (T3): I-thyroid ivelisa i-T3 encinci kune-T4. Nangona kunjalo, yi-hormone ye-T3 enefuthe elikhulu kwi-metabolism .
• I-triiodothyronine eguqukayo (RT3): Le mveliso iveliswa ngamanani amancinci kakhulu. I-RT3 iguqula ukusebenza kwe-T3.
• ICalcitonin: Le hormone inceda ekulawuleni ubungakanani bekhalsiyam egazini lethu.

Ukuze kwenziwe ezi hormone ze-thyroid, i-thyroid gland ifuna into ebizwa ngokuba yi-iodine . Sifumana i-iodine ekutyeni (ingakumbi ityuwa ene-iodine) kunye namanzi. I-thyroid gland ithatha le iodine ize iyiguqule ibe yi-thyroid hormones. Cinga ngayo, ukuba umzimba wakho une-iodine eninzi okanye encinci kakhulu, inokuchaphazela ubungakanani bee-hormone ze-thyroid ezivelisayo. Ii-hormone ze-thyroid zichaphazela izinto ezifana nezi:

• Indlela imizimba yethu esebenzisa ngayo amandla ( i-metabolism )
• Inqanaba lentliziyo
• Ukuphefumla
• Ukugaya ukutya
• Ubushushu bomzimba
• Uphuhliso lobuchopho
• Umsebenzi wengqondo
• Ukugcinwa kolusu namathambo
• Ukuchuma

Ziziphi ezinye izitho kunye namadlala anxulumene ne-thyroid gland?

Inkqubo yethu ye-endocrine yinethiwekhi entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ii-glands ezininzi kunye nee-hormone zisebenza ngemiqondiso evela kwezinye ii-glands kunye nee-hormone. Kwakhona, ezinye ii-hormone zinokucinezela ezinye ii-hormone. Kukwakho nenkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu yokulawula inqanaba lee-hormone ze-thyroid emzimbeni wethu. Okokuqala, i-hypothalamus, eyinxalenye yengqondo yethu, ikhupha i-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH). Le TRH iya ekuvuseleleni inxalenye ye- pituitary gland yethu, ekhupha i-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Le TSH emva koko ivuselela iiseli ze-follicular kwi-thyroid gland ukuba zivelise ii-hormone ze-T4 kunye ne-T3. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze oku kusebenze, kufuneka kubekho i-iodine eyaneleyo emzimbeni. I-thyroid gland kunye nee-hormone zayo zichaphazela phantse yonke inkqubo emzimbeni wethu. Ukunika imizekelo embalwa:

• Inkqubo yentliziyo: I-thyroid inceda ekulawuleni izinto ezifana nokuba intliziyo yethu ikhupha igazi elingakanani (ukuphuma kwentliziyo), isantya sentliziyo, kunye namandla okuxinana kwentliziyo yethu.
• Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo:Xa i-thyroid ingasebenzi kakuhle, iimpawu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo zinokubakho. Umzekelo, ukungaziva mnandi , ukurhawuzelelwa , iintlungu, kunye nokutsha kwezinye iindawo. Kwakhona, ukuba umsebenzi we-thyroid uyancipha (hypothyroidism), ukudakumba kunokwenzeka, kwaye ukuba kuyanda (hyperthyroidism), ukuxhalaba kunokwenzeka.
• Inkqubo yokwetyisa: I-thyroid ikwabandakanyeka kwindlela ukutya esikutyayo okuhamba ngayo kwindlela yokwetyisa (i-gastrointestinal motility).
• Inkqubo yokuzala: Ukuba kukho ingxaki nge-thyroid, imijikelo yokuya exesheni kwabasetyhini inokuba yinto engahambelaniyo kwaye kunokubakho iingxaki zokuzala.

Ngaba umntu angaphila ngaphandle kwe-thyroid gland?

Ewe, unako. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okutshintsha iihomoni ubomi bakho bonke ukuze uhlale usempilweni kwaye uphephe iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Utyando lokususa i-thyroid gland, olubizwa ngokuba yi-thyroidectomy , lutyando oluqhelekileyo kwezinye iimeko ze-thyroid.

Iphi i-thyroid gland? Zithini iindawo zayo? Ingakanani?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, i-thyroid gland ikwindawo engaphambili entanyeni yakho, ngaphezulu nje kombhobho wakho womoya (i-trachea) . Imile okwebhabhathane – inenye encinci embindini kunye namaphiko amabini amakhulu asasazeka macala omabini. I-thyroid gland ephilileyo ayibonakali (ayibonakali njengeqhubu entanyeni yakho), kwaye awukwazi ukuyiva ukuba uyichukumisa ngomnwe wakho ngaphambili entanyeni yakho. I-thyroid gland ineenxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: ii-lobes ezimbini (ii-lobes) kunye nenxalenye ephakathi edibanisa ezi lobes zimbini (i-thyroid isthmus) . Oku kwenziwe ziiseli ze-thyroid follicle (i-thyrocytes), ezenza kwaye zigcine iihomoni ze-thyroid (ikakhulu i-T3 kunye ne-T4), kunye neeseli ze-C , ezenza i-hormone calcitonin. I-thyroid gland imalunga nee-intshi ezi-2 ubude . I-thyroid gland esempilweni ayibonakali kwaye iphuma entanyeni. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko zonyango zinokubangela ukuba i-thyroid ikhule. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-goiter . Abanye abantu babiza ngokuba yi-"goiter." Ukuba une-goiter, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukudumba ngaphambili entanyeni, ngaphantsi nje kwethambo lentamo.
• Ukuziva uxinene emqaleni.
• Utshintsho lwelizwi, umzekelo, ukurhawuzelela.

Ziziphi izifo kunye neemeko ezichaphazela i-thyroid gland?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo se-thyroid. Ezi zixhaphake kakhulu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nezigidi ezingama-20 zabantu eMelika kuphela banesifo esithile se-thyroid. Abafazi banamathuba aphindwe kahlanu ukuya kwesibhozo okuba nesifo se-thyroid kunamadoda. Isifo se-thyroid sahlulwe ngokubanzi kwiindidi ezimbini: eyokuqala neyesibini .

• Kwisifo se-thyroid esiyintloko, esi sifo siqala kwi-thyroid gland ngokwayo.
• Kwisifo se-thyroid sesibini , esi sifo siqala kwi-pituitary gland. Umzekelo, ukuba kuvela iqhubu kwi-thyroid yakho lize libangele ukuba ivelise i-thyroid hormone eninzi kakhulu, yi-primary hyperthyroidism. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kuvela ithumba kwi-pituitary gland yakho lize libangele ukuba ivelise i-TSH eninzi kakhulu, nto leyo ekhuthaza i-thyroid ukuba ivelise i-hormone eninzi kakhulu, yi-secondary hyperthyroidism.

Kukho iimeko ezine eziphambili ezichaphazela i-thyroid gland:

• I-Hypothyroidism (i-thyroid gland engasebenzi kakuhle)
• I-Hyperthyroidism ( i-thyroid gland esebenza kakhulu)
• I-Goiter ( i-thyroid gland/i-goiter eyandisiweyo)
• Umhlaza we-thyroid

I-Hypothyroidism - xa i-thyroid gland ingasebenzi kakuhle

Oku kwenzeka xa i-thyroid gland yakho ingasebenzi ngokwaneleyo iihomoni ze-thyroid . Oku kuyayicothisa indlela umzimba wakho osebenza ngayo. Le yimeko eqhelekileyo. Kukho unyango lwayo. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo ze-hypothyroidism:

• Isifo sikaHashimoto: Esi sisifo 'esihlasela umzimba'. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela i-thyroid.
• I-Thyroiditis: Ukudumba kwe-thyroid gland.
• Ukunqongophala kwe-iodine.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-thyroid yokuzalwa.
• Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwamayeza e-hyperthyroidism.
• Ukususwa kwe-thyroid gland ngotyando.

I-Hyperthyroidism - xa i-thyroid gland isebenza kakhulu

Oku kwenzeka xa i-thyroid gland yakho ivelisa kwaye ikhupha i-thyroid hormone eninzi kakhulu . Oku kuyakhawulezisa ezinye ze-metabolism yakho. Kukho unyango loku. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo ze-hyperthyroidism:

• Isifo sikaGraves: Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba.
• Amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid.
• I-thyroiditis.
• I-Postpartum thyroiditis: Ukudumba kwe-thyroid gland okwenzeka emva kokubeletha.
• I-iodine egqithisileyo egazini, nokuba ivela ekutyeni okanye kumayeza.
• Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwamayeza okuthintela i-hypothyroidism.
• Ithumba elingelona umhlaza (elingenobungozi) le-pituitary gland.

I-Goiter - ukwandiswa kwe-thyroid

I-Goiter kukwanda kwe-thyroid gland. Oku kuqhelekile. Izizathu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-goiter:

• Ii-Simple goiters: Ezi zikhula xa i-thyroid gland ingavelisi iihomoni ezaneleyo emzimbeni. Emva koko i-thyroid izama ukwandisa umzimba ukuze ibuyisele ukungabikho kwayo.
• Ii-endemic goiters: Ezi zikhula kubantu abangafumani i-iodine eyaneleyo ekutyeni kwabo. ESri Lanka, le meko ayiqhelekanga ngoku kuba songeza i-iodine kwityuwa esiyityayo.
• Ii-goiter ezingaqhelekanga: Amaxesha amaninzi, akukho sizathu sicacileyo sazo. Ngamanye amaxesha, zinokubangelwa ngamayeza athile, anjenge-lithium.

Umhlaza we-thyroid

Lo ngumhlaza oqala kwizicubu ze-thyroid. Unyango lweentlobo ezininzi zomhlaza we-thyroid luphumelela kakhulu. Ungakhathazeki, lunokunyangeka kwiimeko ezininzi. Umhlaza we-thyroid uhlelwa ngokwehlobo lweseli apho umhlaza uvela khona:

• I-Papillary: Malunga nama-80% omhlaza we-thyroid ulolu hlobo.
• I-Follicular: Malunga ne-15% zezo hlobo.
• I-Medullary: Malunga ne-2%. Oku kusenokubangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo.
• I-Anaplastic: Malunga ne-2%. Oku kuqatha kancinci, kodwa akuqhelekanga.

Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala zeengxaki ze-thyroid?

Izifo ezahlukeneyo ze-thyroid zineempawu ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni i-thyroid idlala indima enkulu kwizinto ezininzi emzimbeni wethu, ezifana nesantya sentliziyo, imetabolism, kunye nolawulo lobushushu, kufuneka uqaphele ezi mpawu:

• Ukwehla okanye ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo.
• Ukuba mncinci okanye utyebe ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ubunzima bokunyamezela ukubanda okanye ubushushu.
• Ukudandatheka okanye ixhala.
• Ukungaqheleki kwemijikelo yokuya exesheni kwabasetyhini.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukubona ugqirha uze wenze uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwe-thyroid yakho.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo ye-thyroid?

Uvavanyo lokuqala nolubaluleke kakhulu lokujonga impilo ye-thyroid yakho luvavanyo lwegazi lokujonga inqanaba lakho le-TSH (iHormone evuselela iThyroid). Oku kunokukunika umbono we-hypothyroidism kunye ne-hyperthyroidism. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lovavanyo lwegazi lwe-TSH luphakathi kwe-0.5 kunye ne-5.0 mIU/L (iiyunithi ze-milli-international ngelitha). Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokwahluka kancinci kwilabhoratri nganye, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobudala bakho kunye nesimo sokukhulelwa. Ngoko ke thelekisa namaxabiso akwingxelo yakho. Ugqirha wakho unokujonga amanqanaba akho e-T4 kunye ne-T3 (ihomoni ye-thyroid) egazini lakho. Ukuba iziphumo zakho zovavanyo aziqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho unokumisela i-thyroid scan.Usenokucelwa ukuba wenze i-CT scan (esebenzisa into encinci, ekhuselekileyo ene-radioactive ukuthatha imifanekiso ye-thyroid) okanye i -thyroid ultrasound .

Zinyangwa njani izifo ze-thyroid?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwesifo se-thyroid. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni sisifo sini kwaye sinzima kangakanani. Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zonyango:

• Amayeza
• Utyando
• Unyango ngemitha kunye ne-chemotherapy

Amayeza

Amayeza ezifo ze-thyroid:

• Amayeza e-antithyroid: La mayeza ayayithintela i-thyroid ekwenzeni iihomoni. Anikwa i-hyperthyroidism.
• Ii-Beta-blockers: La mayeza alawula iimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism (ezifana nokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza), kodwa awanyangi isifo se-thyroid ngokwaso.
• Iodine ekhupha imisebe: Eli yeza liyonakalisa iiseli ze-thyroid, ekugqibeleni litshabalalise i-thyroid gland. Liyeza lonyango lwe-hyperthyroidism kunye nomhlaza we-thyroid.
• Amayeza eehomoni ze-thyroid: La ngamahomoni e-thyroid adityanisiweyo. Anikwa ukunyanga i-hypothyroidism. Abantu abaye banqunyulwa i-thyroid okanye abane-thyroid engasebenziyo ngenxa ye-iodine ene-radioactive kuya kufuneka bawasebenzise la mayeza ubomi babo bonke.

Utyando

Inkqubo ephambili yotyando lwesifo se-thyroid yi -thyroidectomy . Oku kubandakanya ukususwa kwe-thyroid gland yonke ngotyando. I-thyroidectomy lukhetho lonyango lwesifo se-thyroid kwaye lolona nyango lokuqala lomhlaza we-thyroid. Olunye ukhetho lotyando yi -lobectomy , esusa inxalenye ye-thyroid kuphela.

Unyango ngemitha kunye ne-chemotherapy

Ezi ziindlela zonyango lomhlaza we-thyroid. Zombini ezi ndlela zonyango zibulala iiseli zomhlaza kwaye ziyazithintela ekukhuleni kwazo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lomhlaza we-thyroid aludingi unyango lwemitha okanye i-chemotherapy.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa isifo se-thyroid?

Isifo se-thyroid siqhelekile kwaye sinokuchaphazela abantu bayo nayiphi na iminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezithile ezinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo se-thyroid:

• Ukuba nembali yosapho yesifo se-thyroid (ikhonkco elizuzwayo).
• Ukuba nesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba, esifana nesifo seswekile sohlobo 1, isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuba yirheumatoid arthritis, okanye ilupus.
• Ukuthatha iyeza eline-iodine eninzi kakhulu.
• Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 ubudala, ingakumbi ukuba ungumfazi.

Ndingayigcina njani i-thyroid yam isempilweni?

Yintoni oyifunayo ukugcina i-thyroid yakho iphilileEyona ndlela iphambili kukufumana i-iodine eyaneleyo ekutyeni okutyayo. I-thyroid ifuna i-iodine ukuze yenze iihomoni ze-thyroid. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lwabantu lufumana i-iodine eyaneleyo kwityuwa ene-iodine kunye nokutya okune-iodine eyongeziweyo. Ezinye ukutya ezine-iodine:

• Itshizi
• Ubisi lwenkomo
• Amaqanda
• Iyogathi
• Iintlanzi zolwandle
• Iintlanzi zeShellfish, ezifana neenkala kunye neeshrimp
• Ingca yolwandle
• Ubisi lwesoya
• Isosi yesoyi

Nangona kunjalo, ukuthatha i-iodine eninzi akulunganga kwaye kunokubangela iingxaki. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga nempilo ye-thyroid yakho, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho.

Ndingathetha nini nogqirha malunga ne-thyroid yam?

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zesifo se-thyroid, ezinje ngokutshintsha kobunzima bakho, izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo, okanye ubushushu , bona ugqirha wakho. Angenza uvavanyo olulula lwegazi ukuze abone ukuba i-thyroid yakho ibangela iimpawu zakho.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-thyroid yakho lidlala elibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yakho ye-endocrine. Lichaphazela izinto ezininzi emzimbeni wakho. Isifo se-thyroid sixhaphake kakhulu, kwaye sinokunyangwa kwaye sinyangeke kakhulu.

Ukuba uneempawu ezinxulumene nesifo se-thyroid, okanye ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba unayo na into enokubangela ukuba ube nesifo se-thyroid, ungoyiki okanye ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Balapha ukukunceda. Ukunyamekela impilo yakho yeyona nto ibalulekileyo!

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I-thyroid, i-thyroid gland, iihomoni, i-hypothyroidism, i-hyperthyroidism, i-goiter, umhlaza we-thyroid