Ngaba wakha wazibuza ngelungu elincinci, elimile okwebhabhathane elihlala phantsi kwesikhumba entanyeni yakho? Leyo yindlala yakho yegilo. Lilungu elimangalisayo nelibalulekileyo emzimbeni wakho. Ngamafutshane, eli lungu lincinci lisebenza njengomlawuli oyintloko kwimisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo yomzimba wakho.
Yintoni i-thyroid gland, kwaye yintoni inkqubo ye-endocrine?
Masiqale ngokuqonda ukuba yintoni i-thyroid. Njengoko benditshilo, yindlala encinci, efana nebhabhathane ebekwe ngaphambili entanyeni yakho, ngaphantsi nje komphimbo wakho. Yidlala indima ephambili kwinkqubo yakho ye-endocrine .
Usenokuba uzibuza, “Yintoni kanye kanye inkqubo ye-endocrine, Gqirha?” Cinga ngayo njengenethiwekhi yeefektri ezincinci nezikhethekileyo emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ezi fektri zivelisa iikhemikhali ezibalulekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-hormones . Ezi glands zikhupha ii-hormones ngqo egazini lakho, apho zihamba khona emzimbeni wakho ukuze zithumele imiyalezo kumalungu akho, ulusu, kunye nemisipha. Zisebenza njengabathunywa, zixelela umzimba wakho into omawuyenze kunye nexesha omawuyenze ngalo.
Ezinye iindlala ezikwinkqubo yakho ye-endocrine ziquka:
- I-Hypothalamus
- Indawo yolwimi lamathe
- Iindlala zeParathyroid
- Iindlala ze-adrenal
- I-pineal gland
- I-Pancreas
- Amaqanda (kwabasetyhini)
- Amasende (kumadoda)
Umsebenzi oyintloko we-thyroid yakho kukulawula izinga le-metabolism yakho. "I-Metabolism" yinkqubo nje yokuguqula ukutya okutyayo kube ngamandla. Yonke iseli emzimbeni wakho ifuna amandla ukuze isebenze, kwaye i-thyroid yakho ilawula indlela umzimba wakho odala kwaye usebenzisa ngayo loo mandla ngokukhawuleza.
Khumbula, ukuba i-thyroid gland yakho ayisebenzi kakuhle, inokuchaphazela umzimba wakho wonke. Yiyo loo nto ukuhlala unolwazi ngempilo ye-thyroid yakho kubaluleke kakhulu.
Iyintoni indima ye-thyroid gland yam?
Njenge-endocrine gland, i-thyroid ivelisa kwaye ikhuphe iihomoni ezininzi:
- I-Thyroxine (T4) ( Thyroxine ): Le yeyona hormone iphambili eveliswa yi-thyroid. Nangona ingenampembelelo iphambili ngqo kwi-metabolism, xa i-T4 ingena egazini, iguqulwa ibe yi-T3 ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-deiodination.
- I-Triiodothyronine (T3): I-thyroid ivelisa i-T3 encinci kune-T4, kodwa i-T3 yeyona hormone inamandla kakhulu echaphazela izinga lakho le-metabolic.
- I-triiodothyronine eguqukayo (RT3): Le mveliso iveliswa ngamanani amancinci kakhulu. I-RT3 isebenza ukuguqula iziphumo ze-T3.
- ICalcitonin: Le hormone inceda ekulawuleni amanqanaba ecalcium egazini lakho.
Ukuze uvelise ezi hormone, i-thyroid gland yakho ifuna i- iodine . Ufumana i-iodine ekutyeni kwakho (ingakumbi ityuwa ene-iodine) kunye namanzi. I-thyroid ibamba le iodine kwaye iyiguqule ibe yi-thyroid hormones. Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-iodine aphantsi kakhulu okanye aphezulu kakhulu, inokuphazamisa amandla omzimba wakho okuvelisa ezi hormone ngokufanelekileyo.
Iihomoni ze-thyroid zichaphazela iinkalo ezininzi zempilo yakho, kuquka:
- Indlela umzimba wakho osebenzisa ngayo amandla ( i-metabolism )
- Inqanaba lentliziyo
- Ukuphefumla
- Ukugaya ukutya
- Ubushushu bomzimba
- Uphuhliso lobuchopho
- Umsebenzi wengqondo
- Ukugcinwa kolusu namathambo
- Ukuchuma
Ziziphi ezinye izitho kunye namadlala asebenzisana ne-thyroid?
Inkqubo yethu ye-endocrine yinethiwekhi entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Amadlala amaninzi axhomekeke kwiimpawu ezivela kwamanye ukuze aqalise ukusebenza, kwaye amanye ama-hormone anokuthintela ukusebenza kwamanye.
Umzimba wakho unenkqubo enobuchule yokulawula amanqanaba eehomoni ze-thyroid. Okokuqala, inxalenye yengqondo yakho ebizwa ngokuba yi- hypothalamus ikhupha iHormone eKhulula iThyroid (TRH). Oku kubonisa ukuba i -pituitary gland ikhuphe iHormone evuselela iThyroid (TSH). Emva koko i-TSH ivuselela iiseli ze-follicular kwi-thyroid yakho ukuba zivelise i-T4 kunye ne-T3, ukuba umzimba wakho une-iodine eyaneleyo.
Iihomoni ze-thyroid zichaphazela phantse yonke inkqubo emzimbeni wakho, umzekelo:
- Inkqubo yentliziyo: I-thyroid inceda ekulawuleni ukuphuma kwentliziyo, izinga lentliziyo, kunye namandla okuxinana kwentliziyo.
- Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo: Xa i-thyroid ingasebenzi kakuhle, unokufumana iimpawu ezinxulumene nemithambo-luvo ezifana nokungaziva mnandi , ukurhawuzelelwa , iintlungu, okanye ukutsha. Ngaphezu koko, i-thyroid engasebenzi kakuhle (i-hypothyroidism) inokukhokelela kuxinzelelo , ngelixa i-thyroid esebenza kakhulu (i-hyperthyroidism) inokubangela ixhala .
- Inkqubo yokugaya: I-thyroid ichaphazela ukuhamba kwamathumbu, yindlela ukutya okuhamba ngayo kwindlela yakho yokugaya ukutya.
- Inkqubo yokuzala: Iingxaki ze-thyroid zinokubangela imijikelo yokuya exesheni engacwangciswanga kwabasetyhini kunye nemingeni yokuzala kuzo zombini izini.
Ngaba umntu angaphila ngaphandle kwe-thyroid gland?
Ewe, banako. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba indlala isusiwe, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okutshintsha iihomoni ubomi bakho bonke ukuze uhlale usempilweni kwaye uphephe iingxaki. Utyando lokususa i-thyroid, olwaziwa ngokuba yi- thyroidectomy , luyinkqubo eqhelekileyo kwiimeko ezithile ze-thyroid.
Iphi i-thyroid, kwaye zithini izinto eziyinxalenye yayo?
Njengoko benditshilo, i-thyroid ikwindawo engaphambili entanyeni yakho, ijikeleze i-trachea yakho (umphimbo womoya) . Imile okwebhabhathane—incinci embindini enamaphiko amabini amakhulu asasazeke emacaleni. I-thyroid ephilileyo ayibonakali okanye ivakale njengeqhubu; akufanele ukwazi ukuyiva xa uchukumisa umphambili wentamo yakho.
I-thyroid inamacandelo amabini aphambili: ii -lobes kunye ne-connecting bridge ebizwa ngokuba yi- thyroid isthmus . Yenziwe zii-follicular cells ze-thyroid (thyrocytes) ezivelisa kwaye zigcine ii-hormones ze-thyroid (T3 kunye ne-T4), kunye nee-C-cells ezivelisa i-calcitonin.
I-thyroid gland imalunga ne-intshi ezi-2 ubude . I-thyroid esempilweni ayibonakali okanye ayivakali ngaphandle kwentamo yakho. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko zonyango zinokubangela ukuba i-thyroid ikhule. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi- goiter . Ukuba une-goiter, unokubona ezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Ukudumba okubonakalayo ezantsi kwentamo yakho, ngaphantsi nje kwe-apile ka-Adam yakho.
- Ukuziva uxinezelekile okanye uxinzelelo emqaleni wakho.
- Utshintsho kwilizwi lakho, njengokurhawuzelela.
Ziziphi iingxaki zempilo ezichaphazela i-thyroid gland?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo ze-thyroid, kwaye zixhaphakile. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nezigidi ezingama-20 zabantu eMelika kuphela banesifo esithile se-thyroid. Abafazi banamathuba aphindwe kahlanu ukuya kwesibhozo okuba nesifo se-thyroid kunamadoda.
Izifo ze-thyroid zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ezisisiseko nezesibini .
- Kwisifo se-thyroid sokuqala , le meko iqala kwi-thyroid gland ngokwayo.
- Kwisifo se-thyroid sesibini, le meko iqala kwi-pituitary gland. Umzekelo, ukuba uvelisa 'i-nodule' kwi-thyroid yakho ekhupha i-hormone ye-thyroid eninzi, yi-primary hyperthyroidism. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba 'i-tumor' kwi-pituitary gland yakho ibangela ukuba ikhuphe i-TSH hormone eninzi kakhulu, ethi emva koko ivuselele i-thyroid yakho ukuba ivelise ii-hormone ezininzi, le yi-hyperthyroidism yesibini.
Kukho iimeko ezine eziphambili zempilo ezichaphazela i-thyroid gland:
- I-Hypothyroidism (i-thyroid engasebenzi kakuhle)
- I-Hyperthyroidism (i-thyroid esebenza kakhulu)
- I-Goiter (i-thyroid ekhulisiweyo)
- Umhlaza we-thyroid
I-Hypothyroidism - Xa i-thyroid yakho ingasebenzi kakuhle
Oku kwenzeka xa i-thyroid gland yakho ingavelisi iihomoni ze-thyroid ezaneleyo . Ngenxa yoko, ezinye zeenkqubo zomzimba wakho ze-metabolic ziqala ukucotha. Le yimeko eqhelekileyo, kwaye kukho unyango olusebenzayo olufumanekayo.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ze-hypothyroidism ziquka:
- Isifo sikaHashimoto: Imeko 'yokuzikhusela komzimba' apho inkqubo yakho yomzimba ihlasela ngempazamo i-thyroid gland yakho.
- I-Thyroiditis: Ukudumba kwe-thyroid gland.
- Ukunqongophala kwe-iodine.
- Iingxaki zokuzalwa (i-thyroid ayisebenzi kakuhle kwasekuzalweni).
- Unyango olugqithisileyo lwe-hyperthyroidism ngamayeza.
- Ukususwa kwe-thyroid gland ngotyando.
I-Hyperthyroidism - Xa i-thyroid yakho isebenza kakhulu
Oku kwenzeka xa i-thyroid gland yakho ivelisa kwaye ikhupha i-thyroid hormone eninzi kakhulu . Oku kubangela ukuba ezinye zeenkqubo zomzimba wakho ze-metabolic zikhawuleze. Le meko ikwanokunyangeka.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ze-hyperthyroidism ziquka:
- Isifo sikaGraves: Imeko 'yokuzikhusela komzimba'.
- Amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid.
- I-thyroiditis.
- I-Postpartum thyroiditis: Ukudumba kwe-thyroid okwenzeka emva kokubeletha.
- Ukutya i-iodine kakhulu ngokutya okanye ngamayeza.
- Unyango olugqithisileyo lwe-hypothyroidism ngamayeza.
- Ithumba 'elingengomhlaza' (elingengomhlaza) kwi-pituitary gland.
I-Goiter - I-thyroid eyandisiweyo
I-goiter kukwanda kwe-thyroid gland. Ixhaphakile kakhulu.
Izizathu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-goiter:
- Ii-Simple goiters: Ezi zenzeka xa i-thyroid gland ingavelisi iihomoni ezaneleyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ikhule ukuze ikwazi ukuphinda ifumane iihomoni.
- Ii-endemic goiters: Ezi zenzeka kubantu abangafumani i-iodine eyaneleyo ekutyeni kwabo.
- Ii-goiter ezingaqhelekanga: Amaxesha amaninzi, akukho sizathu sicacileyo, nangona amayeza athile afana ne-'lithium' anokubangela ukuba zibe yimbangela.
Umhlaza we-thyroid
Lo ngumhlaza oqala kwizicubu ze-thyroid. Unyango lwemininzi yomhlaza we-thyroid luphumelela kakhulu. Musa ukoyika; kwiimeko ezininzi, luyanyangeka.
Umhlaza we-thyroid uhlulwahlulwa ngohlobo lweseli oluvela kuyo:
- I-Papillary: Malunga nama-80% omhlaza we-thyroid ulolu hlobo.
- I-Follicular: Malunga ne-15% zezo hlobo.
- I-Medullary: Malunga ne-2%, enokunxulunyaniswa `nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo`.
- I-Anaplastic: Malunga ne-2%. Le inamandla ngakumbi, nangona ingaqhelekanga.
Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala zeengxaki ze-thyroid?
Iimeko ezahlukeneyo ze-thyroid zineempawu ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, kuba i-thyroid idlala indima enkulu kwisantya sentliziyo, imetabolism, kunye nokulawula ubushushu, kufuneka uqaphele oku kulandelayo:
- Isantya sentliziyo esicothayo kakhulu okanye esikhawulezayo kakhulu.
- Ukwehla kobunzima okanye ukutyeba okungachazekiyo.
- Uvakalelo lokubanda okanye ubushushu obugqithisileyo.
- Iimvakalelo zokudakumba okanye ixhala.
- Ukungaqheleki kwemijikelo yokuya exesheni kwabasetyhini.
Ukuba ufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukubona ugqirha kwaye uhlolwe igazi ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwe-thyroid yakho.
Ziziphi iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zokujonga impilo ye-thyroid?
Uvavanyo lokuqala nolona lubalulekileyo lokujonga impilo ye-thyroid yakho luvavanyo lwegazi lokulinganisa amanqanaba akho e-TSH (iHormone evuselela i-thyroid) . Oku kunika ulwazi malunga ne-hypothyroidism kunye ne-hyperthyroidism.
Ngokwesiqhelo, uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lovavanyo lwegazi lwe-TSH luphakathi kwe-`0.5` kunye ne-`5.0 mIU/L` (iiyunithi ze-milli-international ngelitha). Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwilabhoratri, iminyaka yakho, kunye nokuba ukhulelwe, ngoko ke nceda uthelekise iziphumo zakho noluhlu lwereferensi olunikiweyo kwingxelo yakho.
Ugqirha wakho unokukhetha ukujonga amanqanaba e-T4 kunye ne-T3 (iihomoni ze-thyroid) egazini lakho.
Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho aziqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uhlolwe i-thyroid (usebenzise inani elincinci nelikhuselekileyo lezinto ezinemisebe ukwenza imifanekiso ye-thyroid) okanye i -thyroid ultrasound .
Ziphathwa njani izifo ze-thyroid?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwezifo ze-thyroid, kuxhomekeke kwimeko ethile kunye nobunzima bayo. Iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zonyango zezi:
- Amayeza
- Utyando
- Unyango ngemitha kunye ne-chemotherapy
Amayeza
Amayeza aqhelekileyo amiselwe izifo ze-thyroid aquka:
- Amayeza e-antithyroid: La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela i-thyroid gland yakho ekuveliseni iihomoni ezininzi. Anikwa ikakhulu unyango lwe-hyperthyroidism.
- Ii-Beta-blockers: Nangona ezi zinganyangi isifo se-thyroid ngokwaso, zisebenza kakuhle ekulawuleni iimpawu ezibangela ingxaki ye-hyperthyroidism, njengokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza okanye okungahambelaniyo.
- I-radioactive iodine: Olu nyango lusebenza ngokonakalisa iiseli ze-thyroid, ekugqibeleni lukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kwe-gland. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-hyperthyroidism kunye neentlobo ezithile zomhlaza we-thyroid.
- Amayeza eehomoni ze-thyroid: La aqulethe iihomoni ze-thyroid ezenziweyo ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-hypothyroidism. Ukuba ukhe wanqunyulwa i-thyroid okanye ukuba i-gland yakho ayisebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yonyango lwe-iodine ene-radioactive, unokufuna ukuthatha la mayeza ubomi bakho bonke.
Utyando
Eyona nkqubo yotyando ixhaphakileyo kwiimeko ze-thyroid yi- thyroidectomy , equka ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-thyroid gland yakho. Lukhetho oluphambili lonyango kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ze-thyroid kwaye ludla ngokuba lolona nyango luphambili lomhlaza we-thyroid.
Olunye ukhetho lotyando yi- lobectomy , apho kususwa kuphela icandelo elithile (i-lobe) ye-thyroid gland.
Unyango lwemisebe kunye neChemotherapy
Ezi ziindlela ezikhethekileyo zonyango lomhlaza we-thyroid. Zombini ezi ndlela zisebenza ngokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza nokuthintela ukukhula kwazo. Nangona kunjalo, nceda uqaphele ukuba iimeko ezininzi zomhlaza we-thyroid azidingi imitha okanye i-chemotherapy.
Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa imeko ye-thyroid?
Izifo ze-thyroid ziqhelekile kwaye zinokuchaphazela nabani na nokuba uneminyaka emingaphi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezithile ezinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho:
- Ukuba nembali yosapho eneengxaki ze-thyroid (ufuzo olubangela ukuba umntu atyekele kwi-thyroid).
- Ukuphila nesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba, esifana nesifo seswekile sohlobo 1, isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuba yi-rheumatoid arthritis, okanye i-lupus.
- Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwamayeza ane-iodine eninzi.
- Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala, ingakumbi ukuba ungumfazi.
Ndingayigcina njani i-thyroid yam isempilweni?
Eyona ndlela iphambili yokugcina i-thyroid isempilweni kukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana i-iodine eyaneleyo ekutyeni kwakho.I-thyroid yakho ifuna i-iodine ukuze ivelise iihomoni ngokufanelekileyo. Ngethamsanqa, uninzi lwabantu lufumana i-iodine eyaneleyo ngetyuwa ene-iodine kunye nokutya okuqinisiweyo.
Eminye imithombo yokutya ye-iodine ibandakanya:
- Itshizi
- Ubisi lwenkomo
- Amaqanda
- Iyogathi
- Iintlanzi zasemanzini anetyuwa
- Iintlanzi zeShellfish (umz., iinkala, iishrimp)
- Ingca yolwandle
- Ubisi lwesoya
- Isosi yesoyi
Nangona kunjalo, ukutya i-iodine kakhulu kunokuba yingozi kwaye kukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iingxaki malunga nempilo yakho ye-thyroid, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuxoxa ngazo nogqirha wakho eNirogi Lanka.
Ndingathetha nini nogqirha malunga ne-thyroid yam?
Ukuba ubona iimpawu ezifana notshintsho lobunzima olungachazwanga, ukubetha kwentliziyo, okanye ukwanda kokuziva ushushu okanye ukubanda , nceda udibane nogqirha wakho. Uvavanyo lwegazi olulula ludla ngokuba lolona lufunekayo ukuze kuchongwe ukuba ingxaki ye-thyroid yimbangela yeempawu zakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
I-thyroid yakho yindlala ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yakho ye-endocrine elawula imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo yomzimba. Nangona iimeko ze-thyroid ziqhelekile, zilawuleka kakhulu kwaye ziyanyangeka.
Ukuba uhlangabezana neempawu okanye ukhathazekile ngezinto ezikubangela umngcipheko, nceda ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Bakhona ukukunika inkxaso kunye nonyango olufunayo. Ukubeka impilo yakho phambili lelona nyathelo libalulekileyo onokulithatha!
I-thyroid, i-Thyroid Gland, iiHormones, i-Hypothyroidism, i-Hyperthyroidism, i-Goiter, umhlaza we-Thyroid
