Masifunde ngamajoni amancinci emzimbeni wakho - ii-lymphocytes.

Sonke sifuna ukuba sempilweni. Ngaba ubusazi ukuba imizimba yethu inenkqubo yokuzikhusela emangalisayo esikhusela kwizifo? Ii-lymphocytes zingamalungu abaluleke kakhulu kuloo nkqubo yokuzikhusela. Ngamafutshane, zifana namajoni amancinci emzimbeni wethu. Makhe sithethe ngakumbi ngezi lymphocytes namhlanje.

Zithini kanye kanye ii-lymphocytes?

Ii-lymphocytes luhlobo lweeseli ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Ewe, ukhe weva ukuba kukho iiseli ezibomvu kunye neeseli ezimhlophe egazini. Ii-lymphocytes liqela elikhethekileyo leeseli ezimhlophe. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukunceda inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela. Inkqubo yokuzikhusela ifana nomkhosi wokhuselo kwilizwe lethu. Le nkqubo ikho ukuze isikhusele kwiintshaba ezivela ngaphandle (oko kukuthi, kwiintsholongwane , iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo).

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-lymphocytes:

• Ii-T lymphocytes (ii-T cells): Ezi zezona zilawula iimpendulo zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Zinokufumana iiseli ezineentsholongwane kunye neeseli zomhlaza kwaye zizihlasele ngokuthe ngqo kwaye zitshabalalise.
• Ii-B lymphocytes (okanye ii-B cells): Ezi zezona zenza izinto ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies. Ii-antibodies luhlobo lweproteni. Ngokuchanekileyo, ezi zifana nezixhobo ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuqaphela nokulwa nabahlaseli bamanye amazwe njengeentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi iinkonzo ezinikezelwa zezi lymphocytes emizimbeni yethu?

Iilymphocytes azizizo nje iiseli ezimbalwa. Zinceda kakhulu emizimbeni yethu.

Ngokuyintloko, ezi lymphocytes zinceda ekulweni neeseli zomhlaza kwaye zilwe nee-antigens ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ezivela ngaphandle.

Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa la ma-lymphocyte nawo anenkumbulo emangalisayo. Akhumbula yonke i-antigen adibana nayo. Khawuthelekelele, ukuba wawune-measles usengumntwana , uza kuphinda ufumane i-measles rhoqo xa ukhula, akunjalo? Kunjalo nakwi-chickenpox. Oko kungenxa yenkumbulo yala ma-lymphocyte. Amanye ama-lymphocyte, emva kokudibana ne-antigen, aba "ziiseli zememori". Emva koko, ukuba i-antigen efanayo ingena emzimbeni kwakhona, la ma-cell ememori ayayiqonda ngokukhawuleza aze aphendule ngokukhawuleza. Yiyo loo nto singafumani ezinye izifo kabini. Kungenxa yalo mgaqo esinokukhuseleka kwezinye izifo ngokunika imigonyo.

Zisebenza njani ii-T cells kunye nee-B cells?

Ezi seli ze-T kunye neeseli ze-B zombini zisebenza kunye, kodwa imisebenzi yazo yahlukile kancinci.

Indima yee-T cells

Ii-T cells zinoxanduva olukhulu lokutshabalalisa iiseli ezisulelekileyo kunye nokulawula impendulo yomzimba wethu kwizinto zangaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, ii-T cells ezininzi zifuna uncedo lwenye iseli yomzimba ukuze zisebenze. Nje ukuba ii-T cells zisebenze, ziyanda (oko kukuthi, ziyanda ngobukhulu) kwaye zikhetheke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-T cells. Ezi ntlobo zezi:

• Iiseli ze -T ezinetyhefu : Ezi zifana namandla akhethekileyo edabini. Ezi seli zinamathela kwii-antigens kwiiseli ezinentsholongwane okanye ezingaqhelekanga. Emva koko zenza imingxunya kwi-membrane yeseli yeeseli ezinentsholongwane, zifake ii-enzymes , zize zizibulale.
• Iiseli ze-T ezincedisayo: Njengoko igama lisitsho, ezi zinceda ezinye iiseli zomzimba ezikhusela umzimba. Ezinye zinceda iiseli ze-B zenze ii-antibodies. Ezinye zinceda iiseli ze-T ezinobungozi ukuba zisebenze.
• Iiseli ze-T ezilawulayo: Ezi seli zivelisa izinto ezinceda ukuphelisa impendulo yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Ngamanye amaxesha, zikwanceda ukuthintela imizimba yethu ekubeni nemiphumo emibi.

Umsebenzi wee-B cells

Iiseli ze-B zinee-receptors ezikhethekileyo kumphezulu wazo ezibopha kwii-antigens. Iiseli ze-B zifunda ukuqaphela ezi antigens zahlukeneyo kwaye zivelise ii-antibodies ezithile ukuhlasela nganye. Iiseli ze-B zisabela kwii-antigens ngeendlela ezimbini:

• Impendulo ephambili yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Xa i-antigen idibana ne-receptor, ii-B cells ziyavuselelwa. Ezinye ii-B cells ziba “zii-memory cells.” Ezinye ii-B cells ziba “zii-plasma cells.” Ezi plasma cells zenza ii-antibodies ezikhethekileyo kwi-antigen eyayivuselelwe. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iintsuku ezininzi ukuba kuveliswe inani elifunekayo lee-antibodies.
• Impendulo yesibini yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Khawucinge ngento eyenzekayo ukuba i-antigen efanayo eyayifikile ngaphambili ibuyela emzimbeni. Emva koko, ezo seli zememori ziyayikhumbula. Ziyanda ngokukhawuleza, zibe ziiseli zeplasma, kwaye zivelise ii-antibodies ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Le yiyo nesizathu sokuba uphile ngokukhawuleza xa ugula okwesibini.

Ngoko ke, ezi lymphocytes ziveliswa kwaye zifumaneka phi emzimbeni wethu?

Ii-lymphocytes ziveliswa kumongo wethu wethambo.Emva koko, ziyavuthwa, oko kuthetha ukuba zikhula kakuhle, kwaye zingena egazini. Ii-lymphocyte ezivuthiweyo zinokufumaneka egazini lethu nakuzo zonke iindawo zenkqubo ye-lymphatic .

Ezinye ii-lymphocytes ziya kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-thymus gland yethu. Ezo lymphocytes ziba zii-T cells. Ezinye ii-lymphocytes ziya kwii -lymph nodes zethu nakwamanye amalungu omzimba. Ezo ke zezona ziba zii-B cells.

Zibukeka njani ii-lymphocytes?

Iilymphocytes ziiseli ezinkulu kancinci kuneeseli ezibomvu zegazi . Nangona kunjalo, zincinci kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngemicroscope. I-lymphocyte nganye ine-nucleus enkulu embindini. Le nucleus imfusa emnyama. Into efana nejeli eyijikelezileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi -cytoplasm , imfusa okhanyayo.

Lithini inani eliqhelekileyo lee-lymphocytes?

Inani lee-lymphocytes emzimbeni wethu linokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Lixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobudala, uhlanga, isini, ukuphakama, kunye nendlela esiphila ngayo.

• Kumntu omdala, ngokuqhelekileyo kukho phakathi kwe-1,000 kunye ne-4,800 lymphocytes kwi-microliter nganye yegazi.
• Kubantwana abancinci, eli nani liphezulu kancinci. Basenokuba nee-lymphocytes eziphakathi kwama-3,000 nama-9,500 kwi-microliter nganye yegazi.

Ii-lymphocytes ngokuqhelekileyo zenza phakathi kwe-20% kunye ne-40% yeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezipheleleyo emzimbeni wethu.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba inani lee-lymphocytes liphezulu?

Xa inani lee-lymphocytes egazini liphezulu kunesiqhelo, silibiza ngokuba yi-lymphocytosis . Oku kudla ngokubangelwa lusulelo okanye ukugula. Imizimba yethu ngamanye amaxesha ivelisa ii-lymphocytes ezongezelelweyo ukunceda ukulwa nosulelo.

Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko ezinzulu zinokubangela ukwanda kwenani lee-lymphocytes. Ezinye zezi meko ziquka:

• I-Hepatitis
• I-Syphilis
• I-Mononucleosis
• Isifo sephepha
• I-HIV kunye ne-AIDS
• I-Hypothyroidism
• Izifo ezifana nokukhwehlela , i-toxoplasmosis, okanye i-cytomegalovirus
• Umhlaza wegazi ofana ne-lymphoma okanye i-leukemia

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba inani lee-lymphocytes liphantsi?

Xa inani lee-lymphocytes egazini liphantsi kunesiqhelo, silibiza ngokuba yi-lymphocytopenia okanye i-lymphopenia . Oku kungenzeka ngenxa yomkhuhlane okanye olunye usulelo oluncinci. Nangona kunjalo, isifo okanye imeko enzulu inokubangela ukwehla kwenani lee-lymphocytes. Nazi ezinye zezizathu:

• I-HIV okanye i-AIDS
• Isifo sephepha okanye umkhuhlane weTyphoid
• I-hepatitis yentsholongwane
• Izifo zegazi ezifana nesifo sikaHodgkin
• Izifo ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni ezifana ne-lupus
• Iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zofuzo ezifana neSevere Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), i-Ataxia-telangiectasia, i-DiGeorge syndrome, kunye ne-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Unyango olufana nonyango lwe-radiation okanye i-chemotherapy

Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezijonga ukuba amanqanaba e-lymphocyte yam aphilile na?

Kukho uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi olunokuchonga inani lee-lymphocytes egazini lakho. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Inani lee-lymphocyte ezipheleleyo: Le yinxalenye yovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-Complete Blood Count (CBC). Ilinganisa inani lee-lymphocyte egazini lakho njengenani elipheleleyo, kungekhona njengepesenti.
• I-Flow cytometry: Olu luvavanyo olwenziwa kwilabhoratri ekhethekileyo. Isampulu yegazi lakho iyanyibilika kulwelo kwaye idluliselwe kwisixhobo selaser esibizwa ngokuba yi-flow cytometer. Ukukhanya kwelaser kubangela ukuba iiseli zakho zegazi zisasazeke zibe ziipateni. Iipateni zivumela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ukuba zibonakale ngokucacileyo kwaye zibalwe.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeemeko ezinxulumene ne-lymphocytes?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho zimpawu zithile ze-lymphocytosis (ukwanda kwee-lymphocytes) okanye i-lymphocytopenia (ukwehla kwee-lymphocytes). Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inani lee-lymphocytes liyanda ngenxa yesifo segazi okanye umhlaza, iimpawu ezinxulumene neso sifo zinokuvela. Ezinye zezi mpawu ziquka:

• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo
• Ukubila ebusuku
• Ifiva
• Intlungu zesisu
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule!

Ii-lymphocytes luhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi emzimbeni wethu. Ziyinxalenye ephambili yenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba kwaye zisikhusela kwizifo. Uvavanyo olulula lwegazi lunokukuxelela ukuba zingaphi ii-lymphocytes onazo.

Kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo kancinci ukufumanisa ukuba ii-lymphocytes zakho ziphezulu okanye ziphantsi kunesiqhelo. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, utshintsho kwinani le-lymphocyte yakho lunokuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho ulwa nosulelo. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki ngokungeyomfuneko.

Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye imibuzo malunga noku, eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wakho uze uthethe ngako. Ugqirha wakho uya kukwazi ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo aze enze oko kuyimfuneko ukuze akubuyisele kwimeko yesiqhelo.