Umthambo obalulekileyo emzimbeni wakho ongasentla: umthambo we-brachiocephalic.

Ngaba wakha wacinga ngendlela entsonkothileyo nebaluleke ngayo ukujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wethu? Kukho inkqubo ekhethekileyo yemithambo edlala indima enkulu ekuziseni igazi lisuka kwinxalenye ephezulu yomzimba wethu, oko kukuthi, ukusuka entloko, entanyeni, nasezingalweni ukuya entliziyweni. Inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yaloo nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yiBrachiocephalic Vein . Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yi-"Innominate Vein". Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokulula nangobubele namhlanje.

Yintoni le mithambo ye-brachiocephalic?

Ngamafutshane, umthambo wakho we-brachiocephalic yinxalenye yenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi yomzimba wakho ongasentla. Ngumthambo odibeneyo , oko kuthetha ukuba kukho imithambo emibini kumacala omabini omzimba wakho, kumacala asekunene nasekhohlo.

• Umthambo weBrachiocephalic wasekunene
• Umthambo weBrachiocephalic wasekhohlo

Le mithambo ye-brachiocephalic yasekunene neyasekhohlo iyadibana ukunceda ukuthwala igazi elingenaoksijini lisuka emzimbeni wakho ongasentla, oko kukuthi, entlokweni yakho, entanyeni, nasezingalweni, libuyele entliziyweni yakho. Cinga ngayo njengothotho lweendlela ezincinci ezidibanayo ukuze zenze indlela enkulu.

Yintoni umsebenzi wale mthambo?

Umsebenzi ophambili wemithambo yakho ye-brachiocephalic, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, kukuthwala igazi eliphelelwe yioksijini lisuka entlokweni yakho, entanyeni, nasezingalweni libuyele entliziyweni yakho. Le mithambo ngokwenene ziindawo ezimbini ezincinci, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu, zenkqubo enkulu yemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi emzimbeni wakho ongaphezulu. Cinga ngayo njengetyhubhu ende eneendawo ezininzi ezidibeneyo. Ukuba usika inxalenye enye embindini, akukho nto iya kuhamba kuyo yonke ityhubhu, akunjalo? Yile ndlela yonke imithambo yomzimba wethu esebenza ngayo kunye ukugcina igazi lihamba ngokufanelekileyo. Umthambo ngamnye unceda ukuthwala igazi kwindlela elungileyo, ukuya kwindawo elungileyo.

Igazi lihamba njani?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba umthambo we-brachiocephalic ubandakanyeka njani kule nto inkulu. 1. Imithambo yakho ye-brachiocephalic yasekunene neyasekhohlo iyadibana ukuze yenze umthambo omkhulu obizwa ngokuba yiSuperior Vena Cava yakho. Lo mthambo ungaphezulu kwentliziyo yakho, kwaye uyehla uze uqokelele igazi kwigumbi eliphezulu kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo yakho, i-atrium yasekunene . 2. Ukusuka apho, igazi lakho lihamba ngecala lasekunene lentliziyo yakho liye emiphungeni ukuze lithathe ioksijini. 3. Emva kokuba lithathe ioksijini, igazi libuyela entliziyweni, kwaye emva koko i-ventricle yasekhohlo ipompa elo gazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ngoko ke, uyabona, umthambo we-brachiocephalic ngumlamli obaluleke kakhulu onceda igazi lakho lihambe entliziyweni yakho, emiphungeni yakho, kwaye ekugqibeleni emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Yenziwa njani le mithambo ye-brachiocephalic?

Umthambo wakho we-subclavian (lo ngumthambo ohamba phantsi kwe-collarbone) kunye nomthambo wangaphakathi we-jugular(Lo ngumthambo omkhulu entanyeni) Umthambo we-brachiocephalic wenziwa xa imithambo emibini idibana. Oku kudibana kwenzeka ngokwahlukeneyo kumacala asekunene nasekhohlo omzimba wakho.

Iphi i-brachiocephalic vein?

Le mithambo ye-brachiocephalic ikwisifuba sakho esingaphezulu, ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Ifumaneka ngaphantsi kwe-collarbone yakho (clavicle), kufutshane kancinci namahlombe akho. Nantsi indlela eqala ngayo:

• Umthambo we-brachiocephalic wasekunene: Kulapho umthambo wakho we-subclavian wasekunene kunye nomthambo we-jugular wangaphakathi wasekunene udibana khona. Ubaleka ngqo ezantsi, uye entliziyweni .
• Umthambo weBrachiocephalic wasekhohlo: Kulapho umthambo wakho we-subclavian wasekhohlo kunye nomthambo we-jugular wangaphakathi wasekhohlo zidibana khona. Lo mde kancinci kunomnye, kwaye uthatha indlela eyahlukileyo kancinci. Uhamba ngokuthe tye, nge-engile esezantsi kancinci, ukuze udibane nomthambo we-brachiocephalic wasekunene. Endleleni, udlula phezu kwe -aortic arch yakho naphambi kwemithambo yakho ye-carotid ( imithambo ephambili entanyeni yakho). Emva koko udibana nomthambo we-brachiocephalic wasekunene. Kulapho i-vena cava ephezulu iqala khona.

Zeziphi ezinye imithambo edibana nomthambo we-brachiocephalic?

Igazi elivela kwimithambo emininzi emincinci lijoyina le mithambo ye-brachiocephalic. Eminye yayo yile:

• Imithambo Yangaphakathi Yesifuba
• Imithambo ye-Subclavian
• Imithambo yeThyroid engaphantsi kwekhohlo nelasekunene
• Imithambo Yangaphakathi Yesifuba Ekhohlo Neyasekunene (ekwabizwa ngokuba yiMithambo Yangaphakathi Yesifuba)
• Imithambo yomqolo yasekhohlo neyasekunene
• Umthambo we-Intercostal oPhezulu ngasekhohlo

Zonke ezi veins zithwala igazi elilahlekelwe yioksijini kwaye kufuneka libuyele entliziyweni.

Ingakanani le mthambo?

Imithambo yakho ye-brachiocephalic yasekunene neyasekhohlo yahlukile kancinci ngobukhulu.

• Umthambo we-brachiocephalic wasekunene umalunga neesentimitha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 ubude. Cinga ngayo, ubude bawo bumalunga neepilisi ezimbini ze-aspirin eziqhelekileyo ezibekwe ecaleni kwelinye.
• Umthambo we-brachiocephalic wasekhohlo mde, malunga neesentimitha ezi-6.

Yenziwe ngantoni imithambo ye-brachiocephalic?

Njengeminye imithambo yakho, le mithambo ye-brachiocephalic yenziwe ngamaleya amathathu enziwe ngeentlobo ezintathu zezicubu kunye nemicu:

• I-Tunica Adventitia (umaleko ongaphandle): Yile nto enika umthambo imo kunye nolwakhiwo lwawo.
• I-Tunica Media (umaleko ophakathi):Iqulethe iiseli zemisipha ezigudileyo. Ezi zezona zivumela umthambo ukuba ukhule okanye unciphe njengoko igazi lihamba kuwo.
• I-Tunica Intima (umaleko ongaphakathi): Le ine-lining eyenziwe ziiseli ze-endothelial ezithambileyo. Oku kuvumela igazi ukuba lihambe ngokulula ngemithambo ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Okubalulekileyo kukuba, imithambo ye-brachiocephalic ayinazo iivalvu njengezinye iimithambo zakho ezininzi. Ezi valve zithintela kuphela igazi ukuba lingaphumi libuyele umva.

Ziziphi iinguqu zomzimba kwi-brachiocephalic vein?

Abanye abantu bazalwa beneenguqu ezithile zomzimba kwimithambo yabo ye-brachiocephalic. Enye yezona zixhaphakileyo yi -retroaortic brachiocephalic vein . Oku kwenzeka xa umthambo we-brachiocephalic wasekhohlo ubaleka phantsi kwe-aortic arch endaweni yokuba phezu kwawo, njengoko kuqhele ukwenzeka. Ngoko ke, endaweni yokubaleka phambi kwe-aorta yakho enyukayo ( inxalenye yokuqala ye-aorta yakho), lo mthambo ubaleka emva kwawo. Olu tshintsho lwemithambo ye-brachiocephalic lwenzeka malunga ne-1 kwiintsana ezingama-250. Ukuba olu tshintsho lodwa olukhoyo, oko kukuthi, ukuba akukho esinye isifo sentliziyo, alusoloko lubangela monakalo. Kodwa uninzi lwezi nguqu zibonwa kwiintsana ezinesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso (CHD) . Ezinye zezi zifo zezi:

• Iinguqu ze-Aortic Arch, ezifana ne-Double Aortic Arch.
• Imingxunya ephakathi kwe-atria okanye phakathi kwe-ventricles (ii-Atrial Septal Defects okanye ii-Ventricular Septal Defects)
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Aorta.
• I-Tetralogy of Fallot (mhlawumbi idibene ne-pulmonary atresia).
• Ukubuya kwemithambo yegazi yemiphunga okungaqhelekanga ngokupheleleyo.
• I-Truncus Arteriosus.

Malunga nama-60% ezi meko zibandakanya i-CHD engephi. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintsana zinokuba ne-CHD enzima efuna unyango okanye utyando.

Kutheni le nto ezi nguqu zibalulekile?

Olu tshintsho kwisakhiwo semithambo ye-brachiocephalic lubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kufuneka wenze utyando oluthile okanye iinkqubo zonyango. Umzekelo:

• Xa iqhagamshelwe kwi-cardiopulmonary bypass (umatshini wentliziyo nemiphunga).
• Xa ufaka i -pacemaker .

Isizathu soku kukuba xa wenza izinto ezinje, imithambo yakho ye-brachiocephalic okanye iindawo ezikufutshane zinokuchaphazeleka. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza izinto ezifana "novavanyo lweMifanekiso" ukuze ajonge ulwakhiwo lomzimba wakho ngaphambi kokuba enze into efana nale. Emva koko, baya kwenza utshintsho xa besenza utyando okanye inkqubo njengoko kufuneka.

Ziziphi iimeko ezichaphazela umthambo we-brachiocephalic?

Kukho iimeko ezininzi zempilo ezinokuchaphazela umthambo we-brachiocephalic:

• Iingxaki zeCatheter yeMithambo Ephakathi: Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa umthambo wakho we-brachiocephalic ukufikelela kwimithambo ephakathi. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufakwa umbhobho omncinci noguquguqukayo kulo mthambo ukuze ukunike ulwelo okanye amayeza. Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ngale nto ziquka ukugqobhoka komthambo okanye i-deep vein thrombosis engapheliyo. Izinto ezifana ne-pseudoaneurysms nazo zinokwenzeka.
• I-Stenosis: Ezinye iindlela zonyango zinokubangela ukuba le mthambo inciphe. Umzekelo, ukuba usebenzisa i-dialysis , ugqirha wakho unokwenza i-arteriovenous fistula (uhlobo lomthambo wegazi oludibanisa umthambo nomthambo) ukuze kube lula ukucoca. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya umthambo we-brachiocephalic. I-vein stenosis yingxaki engaqhelekanga yale nkqubo.
• Iithumba: Iithumba eziphambili ze-mediastinal zinokubangela ukuba le vein ivuvuke kwaye ivale ukuhamba kwegazi, okanye inokubangelwa ngumhlaza webele osasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuhlola lo mthambo?

Oogqirha banokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezifana nezi ukujonga iingxaki kwimithambo yakho ye-brachiocephalic, ezifana nezi:

• I-Duplex Ultrasound
• I-CT Scan `(I-Computed Tomography - I-CT Scan)`
• Iskeni se-MRI `(Umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance - MRI )`
• I-Venogram (uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-X-ray lwemithambo yegazi)

Ngoko ke singawugcina njani lo mthambo we-brachiocephalic usempilweni?

Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo yentliziyo, ungagcina yonke imithambo yegazi yakho, kuquka le mithambo ye-brachiocephalic, isebenza kakuhle. Nazi iingcebiso ezimbalwa:

• Yeka ukutshaya kunye nazo zonke iimveliso zecuba. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi. Ukusela amanzi aneleyo ngosuku kulungele umzimba.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo okunempilo entliziyweni.Oku kunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, amanqanaba e-cholesterol, kunye nobunzima bomzimba.
• Hambahamba. Zama ukuhamba imizuzu engama-30 ubuncinane iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki. Kodwa qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale umthambo omtsha.
• Hamba-hamba kancinci imini yonke. Ukuthabatha ikhefu elifutshane lokuhlala phantsi ungashukumi nomzimba wakho kunceda ukuphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Umthambo wakho we-brachiocephalic yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi. Yiyo ethwala igazi eliphelelwe yioksijini lisuka emzimbeni wakho ongasentla libuyele entliziyweni yakho. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza konke okusemandleni akho ukugcina umthambo wakho we-brachiocephalic, kunye nayo yonke eminye imithambo yakho, isempilweni.

Ukwamkela imikhwa enempilo yentliziyo kunokunceda imithambo yakho isebenze ngcono kwiminyaka ezayo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga notshintsho onokulwenza kwimisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla. Angakunika icebiso elingcono kuwe.

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lube luncedo kuwe. Ukwazi ngezi nkqubo zimangalisayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu kusenza sibe nomdla kakhulu wokuzigcina ziphilile, akunjalo?