Ngubani ingcali ye-hematologist? Masifunde ngale nto!

Ngaba wakha weva nge-`( ingcali ye-hematologist )`? Mhlawumbi ugqirha wakho wosapho ukuthumele ukuba ubone ingcali enjalo. Xa usiva oko, abanye abantu baziva besoyika kwaye bexhalabile, becinga, "Owu, andazi ukuba ndinesifo esibi na." Kodwa ngaba i-`( ingcali ye-hematologist )` ngumntu ohlala ejonga izifo ezibi njengomhlaza? Makhe sithethe ngazo zonke ezi zinto ngokucacileyo.

Ngubani lo `(Hematologist)`? Ngokuchanekileyo...

Ngamafutshane, "ingcali yeHematologist" ngugqirha ogxile kwizifo ezinxulumene negazi lethu, umongo wamathambo, kunye nenkqubo ye-lymphatic . Olu lolunye uhlobo olukhethekileyo kwicandelo elibanzi lezonyango elibizwa ngokuba yi "Internal medicine." Njengokuba kukho oogqirha abahlukeneyo abagxile kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni wethu, lo ngugqirha ogxile kuyo yonke into enxulumene negazi.

Yintoni eyenziwa yi-`(Hematologist)`?

Ezi ngcali zinceda ekuxilongeni, ekunyangeni, nasekulawuleni iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo ezichaphazela iiseli zethu zegazi. Ezinye zezi zifo zegazi zinokuba yingozi, oko kuthetha ukuba azinazo umhlaza. Ezinye zinokuba yingozi.

Cinga ngako, ezinye izifo zegazi zinokuphazamisa ukujikeleza kwegazi, umzekelo, ukuqhekeka kwegazi kunokubakho. Ezinye izifo zinokubangela ukopha ngaphezu kwesiqhelo. Nangona ezi zifo ezinxulumene negazi kunye nomhlaza wegazi ngamanye amaxesha zibonisa iimpawu ezincinci kakhulu, ezinye ziimeko ezinzulu ezinokuba yingozi nakubomi. Yiyo loo nto uncedo lweengcali ezinje luyimfuneko.

Ingaba "ingcali yeHematologist" kunye "nengcali yeOncologist" ziyafana?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo. Hayi, aba babini abasoloko bengabantu abafanayo. Nangona kunjalo, "ingcali yeHematologist" inokuba yingcali yomhlaza "ingcali yeOncologist".

Kalula nje:

• Ingcali yomhlaza (`( Ingcali yomhlaza ngumntu oxilonga aze anyange zonke iintlobo zomhlaza.
• Ingcali ye-hematologist igxila kakhulu kwiingxaki ezichaphazela igazi lethu kunye namalungu omzimba anceda ekuveliseni igazi (njengomongo wethambo kunye nenkqubo ye-lymphatic).

Nangona kunjalo, kukho unxibelelwano lwendalo phakathi kwezi ndawo zimbini. Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lomhlaza wegazi luqala kwiiseli zegazi kwithambo lethu kunye nenkqubo ye-lymphatic, abanye oogqirha banoqeqesho olukhethekileyo kuzo zombini ezi ndawo (`(Hematology/Oncology)`).

Ngaba ukubona ingcali ye-hematologist kuthetha ukuba unomhlaza?

Hayi akunjalo kwakona!Le yinto ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Ukuba nje uthunyelwe kwi-hematologist akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza .

Iingcali zegazi zinyanga zonke iintlobo zeengxaki zegazi. Ugqirha wakho wosapho unokukuthumela kwingcali yegazi ukuba uneziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zovavanyo lwegazi. Umzekelo, ukuba unotshintsho kwinani leeseli zegazi lakho okanye amanqanaba okuxinana kwegazi. Khumbula ukuba ezi ziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi zisisiseko azisoloko ziluphawu lwesifo esinzulu.

Ndifanele ndibonane nini neHematologist?

Ugqirha wakho oyintloko uza kukuthumela kwi-hematologist ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi zifuna ingcebiso engakumbi. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi ezisisiseko zodwa azinakukwazi ukufumanisa imeko enzulu. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo kunye neengcebiso ezingakumbi.

Zeziphi izifo zegazi ezixhaphakileyo?

Igazi libalulekile ukuze imizimba yethu iphile. Cinga ngalo mba:

• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zithwala ioksijini kwiithishu zomzimba wethu kwaye zisinika amandla.
• Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zinceda inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokulwa nosulelo.
• Iiplatelets zinceda ekunciphiseni nasekumiseni ukopha.
• Iplasma lulwelo olubamba ezi seli zegazi kunye.

Ngoko ke, ukuba unesifo segazi, oko kuthetha ukuba inxalenye enye okanye ezingaphezulu zegazi lakho azisebenzi kakuhle. Ezinye izifo zegazi azingomhlaza, kodwa zinokuba zimbi kakhulu.

Izifo/iimeko zegazi ezingezizo ezomhlaza (ezingeyongozi)

Ezi azizozomhlaza, kodwa zizifo ezichaphazela igazi. Makhe sijonge eminye imizekelo:

• I-anemia : Oku kwenzeka xa kungekho ziseli zibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo zokuthwala ioksijini emzimbeni wonke. Zininzi iintlobo ze-anemia, kodwa uhlobo oluqhelekileyo yi-anemia yokunqongophala kwesinyithi. Oku kunokubangela ukuba uzive udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha kwaye usenokuziva unesiyezi.
• Isifo sikaVon Willebrand : Esi sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo sokopha eMelika.
• I-Hemophilia : Esi sisifo segazi esibangelwa lufuzo. Oku kuchaphazela amandla egazi okujiya. Nokuba yingozi encinci inokubangela ukopha okukhulu.
• I-anemia yeseli yesikele (`(i-anemia yeseli yesikele)`): Esi sisifo esizuzwa njengelifa. Kule meko, imo yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi iyatshintsha, njengerhengqe.
• IiThalassemia : I-Thalassemia ikwayingxaki yegazi ezuzwe njengelifa. Ichaphazela amandla omzimba okuvelisa i-hemoglobin kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni.

Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wegazi

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza wegazi. Ngokutsho kweLeukemia & Lymphoma Society, iintlobo ezintathu ezixhaphakileyo zomhlaza wegazi zezi:

• I-Leukemia : Lo ngumhlaza wegazi oqhelekileyo eMelika. Kwakhona lolona hlobo lomhlaza oluqhelekileyo kubantwana nakubantu abadala abancinci. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kubantu abachachayo kwesi sifo liphindwe kane kwiminyaka engama-40 edlulileyo.
• I-Lymphoma : I-Lymphoma ngumhlaza wenkqubo yakho ye-lymphatic. Izinga lokusinda kwabantu abachacha kwesi sifo liphindwe kabini kwiminyaka engama-40 edlulileyo.
• I-Myeloma : I-Myeloma ngumhlaza oqala kumongo wakho wethambo kwaye uchaphazela iiseli ze-plasma. Abantu abangaphezu kwesiqingatha abafunyaniswe bene-myeloma baphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba bexilongiwe.

Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezininzi zesifo ngasinye somhlaza wegazi.

Luhlobo luni lwemfundo olufunekayo ukuze ube yi-``(Hematologist)``?

Ugqirha ngamnye kufuneka afunde iminyaka emine kwisikolo sezonyango ukuze afumane isidanga sezonyango. Ukuze ube yi-"Hematologist", kufuneka ufumane uqeqesho olongezelelweyo:

• Iminyaka emithathu yoqeqesho lokuhlala (`(Ukuhlala)`) : Olu luqeqesho lwezonyango emva kokugqiba izifundo. Olu qeqesho lwenziwa ngokusebenza nezigulana. Uninzi loogqirha `(iingcali zeHematologist)` bagqiba olu qeqesho lokuhlala kwi`(i-Internal Medicine)` okanye `(i-Pediatrics`).
• Ubudlelane: Eli lixesha leminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu loqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwicandelo elithile lezonyango. Ngeli xesha, oogqirha bafumana uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwiHematology, okanye izifo zegazi. Abanye oogqirha benza uqeqesho lweOncology kunye neHematology.

Iintlobo zoQeqesho lweeNgcali zeHematology

Oogqirha bangazibandakanya kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kwicandelo le-"Hematology":

• Ingcali ye-hematology yabantu abadala : Olu qeqesho lukufanelekela ukunyanga izifo zegazi, izifo zomongo wamathambo, kunye nezifo zenkqubo ye-lymphatic ezichaphazela abantu abadala.
• I-hematology yabantwana : Njengoko igama lisitsho, olu qeqesho lulokunyanga abantwana abanezifo zegazi.
• Ingcali Yokujiya Kwegazi (`(Ukujiya Kwegazi)`) : Eli candelo ligxile kwizifo ezichaphazela ukujiya kwegazi.
• Ingcali kwizifo zegazi kunye nomhlaza wegazi (`(Hematology/oncology)`) : Olu qeqesho lukufanelekela ukunyanga izifo zegazi kunye nomhlaza wegazi.

Emva kokugqiba olu qeqesho lobuchwephesha, oogqirha bafanelekile ukufumana isiqinisekiso sebhodi kwiBhodi yaseMelika yezonyango zangaphakathi. (Iingcali zegazi zabantwana ziqinisekiswe yiBhodi yaseMelika yezonyango zabantwana.) Ukongeza, ugqirha ngamnye kufuneka aphumelele uVavanyo lweLayisensi yezoNyango yase-United States aze afumane ilayisenisi kwilizwe abasebenza kulo. ESri Lanka, iingcali zenziwa ngenkqubo efanayo eyaziwayo.

Yintoni omele uyilindele xa usiya kubona i-``(Hematologist)``?

Ubonana nengcali yegazi kuba uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi lubonisa into enxulumene neeseli zakho zegazi. Ingcali yakho yegazi isenokuba ikucebise ukuba wenze olunye uvavanyo ukuze ufumane okungakumbi ngegazi lakho. Xa ubona ugqirha, uza kwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Buza ngempilo yakho iyonke .
• Buza ngotshintsho olusandula ukwenzeka emzimbeni wakho kunye neempawu (ezinokuba ziimpawu zesifo segazi).
• Ndiza kuhlola iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi lakho nawe.
• Uchaza oko acinga ukuba yimbangela yezo ziphumo.
• Baza kuxoxa ngezinye iimvavanyo onokuzifuna .
• Ukuba uyakwazi ukuxilonga isifo, uya kusichaza esi sifo aze acebise unyango .

Ziziphi iimvavanyo zegazi ezixhaphakileyo?

Igazi lethu linamacandelo amaninzi. Oogqirha banokulivavanya lonke igazi, okanye banokuvavanya amacandelo ahlukeneyo egazi ngokwahlukeneyo. Nazi ezinye iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ezinokuthi zimiselwe yingcali yegazi ukuze kufunyanwe ingxaki yegazi okanye umhlaza wegazi:

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC) : Olu luvavanyo lwegazi olusisiseko. Lubala iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets.
• Uvavanyo lokwahluka kwegazi : Olu vavanyo lujonga inani lohlobo ngalunye lweseli emhlophe yegazi. Oku kungenziwa ngexesha elinye ne-CBC.
• Uvavanyo lwexesha le-Prothrombin (PTT) : Olu vavanyo luvavanya ukuba igazi lakho likhawuleza kangakanani ukujiya.
• Inani lee-reticulocyte : Oku kulinganisa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi eziselula nezingekavuthwa (ii-reticulocytes) egazini lakho.
• I-Peripheral blood smear (PBS) : Kule nkqubo, oogqirha bahlola iiseli zakho zegazi ezibomvu nezimhlophe kunye neeplatelets phantsi kwe-microscope.

Zithini iimvavanyo zegazi zomhlaza?

Uvavanyo lwegazi lomhlaza sesinye sezixhobo ezininzi ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuxilonga nokulawula umhlaza. Ingcali yegazi ingasebenzisa uvavanyo lwegazi uku:

• Jonga igazi lakho ukuze ubone ukuba kukho iikhemikhali kunye neeproteni ezibonisa umhlaza.
• Jonga amanqanaba eeseli zegazi .
• EyakhoVavanya imeko yempilo iyonke.

Ukuba unomhlaza wegazi, kuya kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwegazi olongezelelweyo. Ugqirha wakho (ingcali yegazi) uza kusebenzisa ezi ziphumo zovavanyo uku:

• Ukumisela umhlaza ngokwezigaba kunceda ekumiseleni inqanaba lomhlaza . Xa oogqirha bemisela umhlaza ngokwezigaba, bajonga ubungakanani kunye nendawo okhoyo kuyo umhlaza. Basebenzisa olo lwazi ukubeka umhlaza kudidi oluthile, okanye inqanaba, elibhalwe amanani noonobumba. Ukumisela umhlaza ngokwezigaba kumisela inqanaba lonyango lomhlaza.
• Ugqiba ngeendlela zonyango lomhlaza .
• Ihlola ukuba isifo siya siphucuka okanye sibi ngakumbi ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye/okanye ngonyango.
• Imisela ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na (`(ukuphinda ubuye)`) .

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ingcali yam ye-hematologist?

Ubonana nogqirha wegazi kuba uvavanyo lwegazi lubonise ukuba kukho into engalunganga egazini lakho. Ngoko ke unemibuzo emininzi. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuyiqwalasela:

• Uvavanyo lwam lwegazi lubonise ntoni?
• Zithetha ukuthini ezo ziphumo?
• Injani imeko yam?
• Ingaba le meko imbi kakhulu?
• Yintoni unobangela wale meko?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndizijonge?
• Ndingenza ntoni xa ndibona ezo mpawu?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze uvavanyo lwegazi olongezelelweyo okanye olunye uvavanyo?
• Unethemba lokufumana ntoni kwezi mvavanyo?
• Ndiza kuzifumana nini iziphumo zovavanyo?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndithathe ezinye iimvavanyo kamva?
• Undicebisa ukuba ndinyangwe ngaluphi unyango? Ngoba?
• Ndiza kuqala nini unyango? Luza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani?
• Yintoni endifanele ndiyazi malunga namayeza owabhalayo?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?
• Zithini iingozi kunye neenzuzo zolu nyango?
• Ngaba zikho ezinye iindlela zonyango?

Ubonana nengcali ye-hematologist kuba iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba iiseli zakho zegazi, umongo wamathambo, okanye inkqubo ye-lymph azisebenzi kakuhle. Usenokuziva unexhala xa ubona ugqirha ogxile kwizifo zegazi, kuquka nomhlaza wegazi. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga neziphumo zovavanyo lwakho, buza ingcali ye-hematologist ngazo kunye nento ayenzayo ukuze afumanise ukuba yintoni ebangela ezo zifo. Uya kukuvuyela ukuphendula imibuzo yakho aze akuchazele into omawuyenze ngokulandelayo. Ungoyiki ukubuza nantoni na efika engqondweni yakho. Lilungelo lakho.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

``Ingcali yeHematologist`` ngugqirha ogxile kwizifo ezinxulumene negazi, ukusuka kwi-anemia ukuya kumhlaza wegazi. Ukubhekiswa kwi-``Hematologist`` akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza rhoqo. Rhoqo, iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi olusisiseko ziya kuchazwa ngakumbi.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho kwaye ubuze nayiphi na imibuzo onayo. Ukuqonda kakuhle imeko yakho yempilo kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpumelelo yonyango lwakho. Ngoko ke ungoyiki, fumana ulwazi olufunayo.

Izifo zegazi , iingcali zegazi, umhlaza wegazi, i-anemia, i-leukemia, i-lymphoma, uvavanyo lwegazi