Masifunde ngomthambo we-subclavian ohambisa igazi kwinxalenye ephezulu yomzimba wakho.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba igazi elisetyenziswe phezulu elivela kwinxalenye ephezulu yomzimba wethu, oko kukuthi, kwiingalo, entanyeni, nasentloko, oko kukuthi, igazi elineoksijini ephantsi, libuyela njani entliziyweni? Kaloku, umthambo obaluleke kakhulu onceda ngaloo nto ngumthambo we-subclavian. Ngaba singathetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda?

Yintoni umsebenzi womthambo we-subclavian?

Ngamafutshane, i-Subclavian Veins ifana nomthambo omkhulu onceda ukuhamba kwegazi kwinxalenye ephezulu yomzimba wethu. Inceda igazi lijikeleze kakuhle ezingalweni zakho, entloko, nasentanyeni. Igazi elisemzimbeni wethu lihamba ngenethiwekhi yemithambo. Imithambo ithwala igazi elicocekileyo, elinomoya-mpilo omninzi kwizitho zethu nakwizicubu zethu. Emva koko, imithambo iqokelela igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo, eligcwele inkunkuma kwaye ilibuyisele entliziyweni. Emva kokufikelela entliziyweni, igazi liya emiphungeni ukuze lifakwe ioksijini kwakhona kwaye liqale uhambo olutsha. Khawucinge nje, eli gazi lingenawo umoya-mpilo kufuneka lihambe ngemithambo emininzi emincinci ukuze lifikelele entliziyweni. Njengeendlela ezikwidolophu encinci. Nangona le mithambo idibene kwaye isasazeka kwicala elahlukileyo, yonke ekugqibeleni ikhokelela kwindawo enye, ekwintliziyo yethu. Njengemithambo emininzi, imithambo ye-subclavian ihamba ngaxeshanye nemithambo yayo egama linye. Cinga ngayo njengezitalato ezimbini ezimxinwa, eziya kwicala elinye ezihamba ecaleni. Umthambo we-subclavian uthwala igazi kude nentliziyo, ngelixa umthambo we-subclavian okufutshane uthwala igazi libuyele entliziyweni. Ukongeza ekuncedeni ukujikeleza kwegazi, imithambo ye-subclavian ikwadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwezinye iinkqubo zonyango.

• Ukufikelela kwimithambo yegazi ephakathi: Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa umthambo wakho we-subclavian ukufaka into ebizwa ngokuba 'ngumgca ophakathi'. Oku kuyinto edla ngokwenziwa kubantu abakwiiyunithi zokhathalelo olunzulu (ii-ICU). Ii-catheters zizixhobo ezincinci ezifana neetyhubhu. Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukunika ulwelo kunye namayeza emzimbeni. Nangona olu kufikelela kwimithambo yegazi ephakathi lubaluleke kakhulu kunyango lwezonyango, ngamanye amaxesha iingxaki ezinje ngokopha, usulelo, ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga ( i-arrhythmia ) , ukuqhekeka kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi (i-venous thrombosis ) , kunye nokuwa kwemiphunga ( i-pneumothorax ) zinokwenzeka.
• Iintambo ze -pacemaker : I-pacemaker elawula isigqi sentliziyo.Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa umthambo we-subclavian ukufaka iingcingo zesixhobo. Njengomgca ophakathi, oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngononophelo olukhulu ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki.

Ziphi ezi mithambo ze-subclavian?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba le mithambo ye-subclavian ifumaneka phi kanye kanye emzimbeni wethu. Zombini imithambo ye-subclavian yakho yasekunene neyasekhohlo ikwindawo engaphantsi kwe-collarbone yakho (i-Clavicle). Ukuze sibe yinyani, le mithambo iqala kufutshane negxalaba, phezulu kwesifuba, apho kuqala khona i-rib cage. Emva koko ijika njenge-arch, ize iphinde yehle iye entliziyweni. Khawuthelekelele u-'m' otsalwe esifubeni sakho, kwaye apho loo 'm' ihla khona isuka embindini, iphantse ifike phezulu kwentliziyo. Ezo nduli zimbini ziphezulu kwaloo 'm' yimithambo ye-subclavian.

Imithambo ye-subclavian ifumana igazi phi?

Le mithambo ye-subclavian ifumana igazi kwimithambo ye-axillary . Le mithambo ye-axillary yimithambo emincinci esezingalweni zakho evela kwiincam zeminwe yakho. Uyakhumbula ukuba 'm' lowo sithethe ngaye ngaphambili? Le mithambo ye-axillary ifana nemigca emibini evela kumacala omabini 'm'. Oko kukuthi, izisa igazi kwiincopho ezimbini ezibizwa ngokuba yimithambo ye-subclavian. Emva koko, igazi elivela kwimithambo ye-subclavian liya kwimithambo ye-brachiocephalic yasekunene neyasekhohlo. La ngamagophe amabini aphakathi kwaloo 'm'. Ekugqibeleni, ezantsi kwe-'m', le mithambo mibini ye-brachiocephalic idibana ukuze yenze umthambo omkhulu obizwa ngokuba yiSuperior Vena Cava . Loo mthambo mkhulu kulapho igazi liya khona ngqo entliziyweni. Ngaba uyaqonda ukuba elo gazi liya phi?

Zenziwe ngantoni imithambo ye-subclavian?

Njengeminye imithambo yethu, imithambo ye-subclavian yenziwe ngeengqimba ezintathu zezicubu kunye nemicu:

• I-Tunica Adventitia: Le yilaphu engaphandle. Yila maleko enika umthambo isakhiwo sawo, imo, kunye namandla awo.
• I-Tunica Media: Le yilaphu eliphakathi. Iqulethe iiseli zemisipha ezigudileyo. Ezi seli zezona zivumela umthambo ukuba wande kwaye unciphe njengoko igazi lihamba kuwo.
• I-Tunica Intima: Le yilaphu elingaphakathi. Ine-lining eyenziwe ziiseli ze-endothelial ezithambileyo. Oku kuvumela igazi ukuba lihambe ngokulula ngemithambo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Ziziphi iimeko ezichaphazela umthambo we-subclavian?

Kukho izifo ezithile ezinokuchaphazela imithambo ye-subclavian. Masibone ukuba zithini.

• Amahlwili egazi kwimithambo enzulu (I-Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT): Khawucinge ngento eyenzekayo xa igazi liqhekeka kwimithambo yakho ye-subclavian lize libambeke. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-DVT . Ngokuqhelekileyo, le DVT iyenzeka emilenzeni. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, igazi liqhekeka linokubhajwa kwimithambo emzimbeni ophezulu, umzekelo, kwimithambo ye-subclavian. Oku kunokubakho njengengxaki ye-central venous catheter ekhankanyiweyo. I-DVT yimeko eyingozi kakhulu. Kuba ukuba eli gazi liqhekeka lize livale umthambo emiphungeni, linokubangela imeko ebulalayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-pulmonary embolism . Iimpawu ze-DVT zinokubandakanya ukudumba engalweni, ukungonwabi, okanye ukuziva unzima engalweni.
• I-Axillary-Subclavian Vein Thrombosis: Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yiPaget-Schroetter Syndrome , okanye 'Effort Thrombosis' . Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwe-DVT. Idla ngokuvela kubantu abancinci abaneminyaka ephakathi kwe-15 ne-45. Le meko inokuvela kubantu abadlala imidlalo okanye abaphakamisa izinto ezinzima emsebenzini. Le ngxaki idla ngokuqala ngeentshukumo ezifana nokuphakamisa ingalo ngaphezulu kwentloko rhoqo. Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukudumba, iintlungu, kunye nokutshintsha kombala wengalo.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, nceda utsalele umnxeba ku-1990 ngoko nangoko okanye uye esibhedlele esikufutshane. Ezi ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo zonyango ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Ndingayigcina njani imithambo yam isempilweni?

Kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukugcina kungekuphela nje umthambo wakho we-subclavian, kodwa nayo yonke eminye imithambo emzimbeni wakho, isempilweni kwaye isebenza kakuhle.

• Hambahamba: Zama ukuhamba ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, ubuncinane iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki.
• Hlala usebenza imini yonke: Endaweni yokuhlala kwindawo enye ixesha elide, hambahamba kancinci. Oku kuya kunceda ukuphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wonke.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo: Oku kunokukunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, amanqanaba e-cholesterol kunye nobunzima.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi.
• Ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu zengxaki yomthambo, musa ukuzityeshela. Bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Ukuchonga iingxaki kwangethuba kunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukuba zingabi nkulu kakhulu.

Ungalibali, umthambo wakho we-subclavian yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yakho yemithambo yegazi. Unceda ukubuyisela igazi elivela emzimbeni wakho ongasentla entliziyweni yakho. Ukuba ukhe waba neengxaki zemithambo yegazi ngaphambili, ezifana nokuqhekeka kwegazi, thetha nogqirha wakho. Angakuxelela ngeendlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zakho zexesha elizayo.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, nazi izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako namhlanje:

• Umthambo we-subclavian ngumthambo wegazi obalulekileyo okufutshane negxalaba lakho, ngaphantsi nje kwethambo lakho lekhola. Uthwala igazi elingenaoksijini ukusuka emzimbeni ongaphezulu (iingalo, intamo, nentloko) ulibuyisele entliziyweni.
• Lo mthambo usetyenziswa kwezinye iindlela zonyango, umzekelo, ukufaka umgca ophakathi okanye iingcingo ze-pacemaker.
• Iingxaki ezinje ngamahlwili egazi kwimithambo ye-subclavian (DVT, Axillary-Subclavian Vein Thrombosis) zinokubakho. Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinje ngokudumba, iintlungu, okanye ukuluhlaza engalweni yakho , kufuneka ufune ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
• Ungayigcina imithambo yakho isempilweni ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukuhamba kakuhle, ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, ukusela amanzi amaninzi).
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha ngaphandle kokuzityeshela naziphi na iimpawu ezincinci.