Igumbi lokulawula elifihlakeleyo lobuchopho: Masifunde nje ngeBasal Ganglia!

Ingqondo yethu yindawo emangalisayo kakhulu, akunjalo? Ifana ne-supercomputer. Inxalenye nganye yale ngqondo yenza umsebenzi owahlukileyo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeqela leendawo ezikwindawo enzulu kancinci ngaphakathi kwengqondo, kodwa zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba yiBasal Ganglia . Mhlawumbi awukaze ulive eli gama ngaphambili. Kodwa kulungile, masithethe ngalo namhlanje.

Yintoni iBasal Ganglia?

Ngamafutshane, i-basal ganglia liqela lezakhiwo ezikhethekileyo ezikufutshane nombindi wobuchopho bakho ezisebenzisanayo. Zicinge njengeqela elincinci ngaphakathi kwengqondo yakho. Umsebenzi ophambili weli qela kukunceda ukudlulisa ulwazi phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo obuchopho bakho. Zisebenza njengebhulorho, zidibanisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo. Omnye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu abayenzayo kukulawula imiqondiso ethunyelwa yingqondo yakho ukuhambisa izihlunu zakho . Xa ushukumisa ingalo yakho, uhamba, okanye uthetha, i-basal ganglia inceda imiqondiso ukuba ihambe kakuhle.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene kwiBasal Ganglia?

I-basal ganglia ibandakanyeka kakhulu kunokuba unokucinga. Siyayazi kakhulu ngayo ikakhulu ukulawula intshukumo, kodwa ibandakanyeka nakwezinye izinto ezininzi. Oogqirha kunye nososayensi basayiqonda yonke imisebenzi yabo.

1. Ukulawula iintshukumo zomzimba wethu

Lo ngumsebenzi oyintloko nowaziwayo we-basal ganglia. I-basal ganglia yinxalenye enkulu yenethiwekhi yeeseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni ezilawula zonke iintshukumo ozenzayo ngabom, oko kukuthi, iintshukumo zokuzithandela. Khawuthelekelele, xa ucinga ngokwenza into ethile, ingqondo yakho ithumela isignali enxulumene nayo. Njengoko esi signali sidlula kwi-basal ganglia, bajonga ukuba esi signali "silungile" okanye "singalunganga" . Kufana nesango.

• Iimpawu ezifunekayo zezi: Yiyeke ihambe. Emva koko loo mqondiso uya kwimisipha efanelekileyo uze ukwazi ukuyenza loo ntshukumo.
• Imiqondiso engafunekiyo okanye engalunganga: Ivalekile okanye ijikwe. Yiyo loo nto xa ushukumisa isihlunu esinye, eminye imisipha ekufutshane engadibaniyo naso ishiywa inganyakazi.

I-basal ganglia ikwafumana ulwazi oluvela kwiimvakalelo zakho ezintlanu (amehlo, iindlebe, impumlo, ulwimi, kunye nolusu). Zisebenzisa olu lwazi ukukunceda wenze iintshukumo zakho zibe ngokuchanekileyo nangokuthe ngqo.

2. Ukwenza izigqibo, ukufunda kunye nemikhwa

Ukongeza ekushukumeni, i-basal ganglia ibandakanyeka kwezinye izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo.

• Ukuthatha izigqibo: Oku kukunceda ukuba uqwalasele izinto ezinje xa uzibekela usukelo kwaye ucinge ngeengozi ezibandakanyekileyo.
• Iimvakalelo kunye nenkuthazo:Ezi zikwanxulumene neemvakalelo zakho kunye nesizathu sakho sokwenza into ethile.
• Ukufunda kunye nemikhwa: Xa ufunda into entsha, imikhwa emihle okanye emibi yenziwa ngomsebenzi weBasal Ganglia. Ezi zibalulekile xa usenza isicwangciso naxa usiphumeza.

3. Ukuziva wonwabile kwaye uxhomekeke kwiziyobisi

Ngenxa yokuba i-basal ganglia inxulunyaniswa nezinto ezifana neemvakalelo, izizathu, kunye nemikhwa, zikwanceda ekulawuleni indlela oziva ngayo uvuzwa xa wenza into ethile kunye nendlela oziva ngayo unyanzelekile ukuba uyiphephe into ethile.

Abantu baba ngamakhoboka kwizinto ezifana nokutshaya neziyobisi kuba i-basal ganglia inxulunyaniswa nenkqubo yomvuzo yobuchopho. Oko kuthetha ukuba nazo zinempembelelo kwiimeko ezifana nomlutha.

Ziphi kanye kanye ezi zisengqondweni? Zenziwe ngantoni?

I-basal ganglia ayilosakhiwo sinye ebuchotsheni. Yingqokelela yezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ezikwimbindi wobuchopho, nzulu kancinci. Phakathi kwezi, eziphambili yi-'Caudate nucleus', 'Globus pallidus', kunye ne-'Putamen'. Ngaphandle koko, ezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-'Subthalamic nucleus' kunye ne-'Substantia nigra' nazo zezenkqubo. Cinga ngayo njenge-'(ibhodi yesekethe)' kwisixhobo se-elektroniki. Iindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-basal ganglia ziqhagamshelwe kwaye zisebenza ngokwenza unxibelelwano nezinye iindawo zobuchopho. Ezinye iikhonkco zinika imiqondiso yokuqalisa isenzo (esivuselelayo) , ngelixa ezinye iikhonkco zinika imiqondiso yokuyeka isenzo (esithintelayo) . Ezi zibonakaliso zitshintshiselwa ngeekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurotransmitters . Zingakanani? Zonke ezi basal ganglia xa zidibene zithatha malunga ne-10 cubic centimeters yendawo. Oko kuphantse kube bubungakanani bebhola yokudlala eqhelekileyo . Nangona zincinci, zenza umsebenzi omninzi, akunjalo? Zenziwe ngantoni? Nangona igama elithi "basal ganglia" lisithi "ganglia," aziqulathi nje i-ganglia, zikwanazo neenuclei. Ngamafutshane:

• IiNuclei: ziiqela zeeseli zemithambo-luvo ezenza umsebenzi ofanayo okanye ezidibana kwiindawo ezifanayo kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
• I-Ganglia: Amaqela eeseli zemithambo-luvo ezidityanisiweyo kwaye zisebenza ngendlela efanayo.

Ezi nuclei kunye ne ganglia zenziwe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeseli: 1. IiNeuron: Ezi ziiseli zemithambo-luvo. Ezi neuron zithwala ulwazi kwaye zitshintshiselane ngemiqondiso engqondweni nakwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Zingasebenzisa imiqondiso yombane neyekhemikhali. Iindawo eziphambili ze neuron ngumzimba weseli, i-axon ende efana nesiqu ethwala imiqondiso, kunye needendrites ezifana nesebe ezifumana imiqondiso evela kwezinye ii-neurons. Ezinye ii-axon zijikelezwe yisheath ekhuselayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-myelin, ekhawulezisa imiqondiso. 2. Iiseli zeGlial: Ezi ziiseli ezinceda ii-neurons kwaye zisebenze njengenkxaso kuzo. Nangona zingathwali imiqondiso efana nee-neurons, ezi seli ze-glial zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni, ekugcineni, nasekukhuseleni ii-neurons. Kuthiwa kukho malunga neshumi leeseli ze-glial kunee-neurons kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo.

Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela i-basal ganglia?

Ngelishwa, kukho iimeko ezininzi zempilo ezinokuchaphazela le nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Ukulutha
• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• Ingxaki yokungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo (ADHD)
• Iithumba zobuchopho (ezinomhlaza nezingengomhlaza)
• Ityhefu ye -carbon monoxide
• Ukulimala entloko, ingakumbi ukwenzakala engqondweni okubuhlungu
• Ukutyiwa kweesinyithi ezinzima (umz. i-mercury , i-lead) okanye ezinye izinto ezinobuthi (Ityhefu yesinyithi esinzima)
• Iintsholongwane (ingakumbi izifo ezichaphazela ingqondo, ezifana ne-encephalitis)
• Isifo sikaHuntington
• I-Lewy body dementia
• Isifo sokugubhuka
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• Istroke
• Isifo seTourette
• Isifo sikaWilson

Olu luhlu lusenokubonakala luyoyikisa, kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana zonke ezi zifo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele.

Uyazi njani ukuba kukho ingxaki ngezi zinto? (Iimpawu)

Iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko echaphazela i-basal ganglia. Umzekelo, iimpawu ezibonwa kwisifo sikaParkinson zahlukile kwiimpawu ezibonwa kwityhefu ye-carbon monoxide. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Iingxaki zokulinganisela kunye nokulungelelanisa: Ukungakwazi ukulawula amalungu omzimba ngokufanelekileyo xa uhamba, ukungakwazi ukulawula amalungu omzimba ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha, ukuqina, okanye ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.
• Iinyikima.
• Iingxaki zokubona.
• Intetho engacacanga.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko .

Ungayijonga njani impilo ye-basal ganglia?

Ukuba ugqirha urhanela ukuba kukho ingxaki kwi-basal ganglia, angenza uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa oko. Ezinye zazo ziquka:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa izinto ezifana neengxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kunye neetyhefu (ingakumbi iimetali ezifana nekopolo, i-mercury, kunye ne-lead).
• Iskeni ye-CT `(I-tomography yekhompyutha - Iskeni ye-CT)`
• Uvavanyo lwe-EEG (i-electroencephalogram - i-EEG)
• Uvavanyo lwe-EMG (i-Electromyogram - i-EMG)
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza
• Iskeni se-MRI `(Umfanekiso we-Magnetic resonance - MRI)`
• I-Positron emission tomography (i-PET scan)

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zezi meko?

Unyango lwezifo ezichaphazela i-basal ganglia luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisifo. Akukho nyango lunye kuzo zonke izifo. Ezinye izifo zinokunyangwa ngamayeza. Ezinye zinokufuna utyando okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango ezikhethekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona isifo singenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, unyango lunokusetyenziswa ukulawula iimpawu nokwenza ubomi bube lula.

Ungayigcina njani i-basal ganglia isempilweni? (Ukuthintela)

Nangona singenakukwazi ukuthintela zonke izifo ezichaphazela i-basal ganglia, kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukuthintela uninzi lwazo. Enyanisweni, okubalulekileyo apha kukugcina ingqondo nomzimba uphilile ngokupheleleyo.

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Ukunqongophala kweevithamini kunye neeminerali kunokuchaphazela ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Kwakhona, ukutya kwakho kunokuchaphazela impilo yenkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi. Iimeko ezifana nestroke zibangelwa ziingxaki zentliziyo kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi.
• Hlala usenza umthambo emzimbeni kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni: Ubunzima bakho kunye nenqanaba lomsebenzi wakho kunokunceda ekuthinteleni okanye ekulibaziseni izifo ezichaphazela ingqondo, ingakumbi iingxaki zokujikeleza kwegazi ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela xa kuyimfuneko: Ukulimala entloko, ingakumbi ukuxhuzula kunye nokwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu, kunokonakalisa i-basal ganglia kunye nezinye iindawo zobuchopho. Olu kulimala ngamanye amaxesha lunokuba yingozi kwaye luhlale luhleli. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukunxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifana nezigcina-ntloko emsebenzini, ngelixa udlala, kwaye xa ukhwele ibhayisekile.
• Lawula izifo zakho ezingapheliyo: Iimeko ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu zinokuchaphazela ingqondo. Unyango olufanelekileyo lwezi meko lunokunceda ekumiseni okanye ekulibaziseni ukuba ziqhubeke nokuba mandundu.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule! (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-basal ganglia yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu nenamandla yobuchopho bethu. Indlela esebenza ngayo ichaphazela iinkalo ezininzi zobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla - ukusuka kwindlela esishukuma ngayo, ukuya kwindlela esenza ngayo izigqibo, ukuya kwindlela esiziva ngayo. Izazinzulu zisafunda ngakumbi ngezi zakhiwo zincinci, kodwa zintsonkothileyo. Ngokuhambela phambili kwezonyango nakwitekhnoloji, ukuqonda kwethu ngazo kuya kuphucuka ngakumbi. Njengoko olu lwazi lukhula, oogqirha baya kukwazi ukufumana iindlela ezintsha zokuxilonga nokunyanga izifo ezichaphazela i-basal ganglia.

Ngoko ke, ungalibali ukuba ukunyamekela impilo yengqondo yakho iyonke kuya kunceda ukugcina impilo yezi basal ganglia! Ukuphila ubomi obusempilweni yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza.