Masifunde ngenkonzo yokucoca umzimba wakho ngendlela egqibeleleyo! (I-Autophagy)?

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenkqubo emangalisayo nebaluleke kakhulu eyenzeka emizimbeni yethu. Ifana nenkonzo yokucoca kakhulu esebenza ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Usenokuba awukaze uve ngayo ngaphambili, kodwa yinto enempembelelo enkulu kwimpilo yethu, ingakumbi njengoko sikhula. Siyibiza ngokuba yi-"Auto PH agy". Eli gama livakala lingaqhelekanga, akunjalo? Kodwa masilichaze ngokulula.

Yintoni "i-Autophagy"? Ngamafutshane...

Khawucinge nje ukuba njengoko usebenzisa ikhaya lakho, ifenitshala nganye iyaguga, enye iyaphuka, kwaye enye ayisebenzi. Senza ntoni ke ngoko? Silahla izinto ezingeyomfuneko, ngamanye amaxesha sithatha iindawo ezilungileyo zezinto ezindala size senze into entsha, okanye sicoce indlu size siyigcine icocekile, akunjalo? Kwenzeka into efanayo ngaphakathi kwiiseli, ezizezona yunithi zincinci emizimbeni yethu.

Ngamafutshane, `(Autophagy)` yinkqubo apho iiseli zomzimba wethu zisusa iindawo ezindala, ezonakeleyo, okanye ezingasebenziyo emizimbeni yazo zize ziphinde zisetyenziswe, oko kuthetha ukuba zingasetyenziswa kwakhona. Kufana neeseli zethu ezizicocayo. Oku kunokuthiwa yinkqubo "yokulawula umgangatho" kwiiseli zethu. Kuba ukuba inkunkuma engeyomfuneko iqokelelana ngaphakathi kwiseli, loo seli ayinakusebenza kakuhle. `(Autophagy)` isusa loo nkunkuma kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, yenza izinto eziluncedo ngayo, inceda iseli ukuba isebenze kakuhle.

Kutheni le nto le "Autophagy" ibaluleke kangaka?

Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, "Kulungile, kulungile ukuba iiseli ziyazicoca, kodwa yintoni ingxaki enkulu?" I-Autophagy ibalulekile ngokwenene ukuze iiseli zethu ziphile kwaye zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ngongoma ziphambili:

• Iindawo zeseli ezonakeleyo ziyalungiswa kwaye zenziwe zisebenze kwakhona: Njengokuba itafile entsha yenziwa ngokuthatha iziqwenga zomthi ezilungileyo kwisitulo esaphukileyo, iiseli nazo zenza iindawo ezintsha neziluncedo kwiindawo zazo ezindala.
• Isusa iindawo ezingasebenziyo nezithatha indawo: Xa iseli izaliswe zizinto ezingafunekiyo, ayisebenzi kakuhle. I-Autophagy isusa lo mthwalo ungafunekiyo, idala imeko-bume yokuba iseli isebenze ngokukhululekileyo.
• Itshabalalisa izinto ezifana neentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, kunye neentsholongwane ezonakalisa iiseli: Le nkqubo inokuchonga nokutshabalalisa ezinye izinto eziyingozi ezingena kwiiseli zethu. Oko kukuthi, oku kunceda nenkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela .

Ukongeza koku, "i-Autophagy" inonxibelelwano olukhulu nendlela esikhula ngayo kunye nexesha esiphila ngalo impilo yethu.Ngokwesiqhelo, njengoko sikhula, le nkqubo ye-"Autophagy" iyancipha kancinci. Okwenzekayo kukuba inkunkuma iqala ukuqokelelana ngaphakathi kweeseli, kwaye ukusebenza kweeseli kuncipha. Ngoko ke, ukugcina le nkqubo kakuhle kunokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kubomi obusempilweni nobude.

Le nkqubo `(Autophagy)` yenzeka njani ngokwenene?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sibone indlela esebenza ngayo le nkqubo imangalisayo yokucoca ngaphakathi kwiseli. Oku kusenokuvakala ngathi yisayensi, kodwa mandikuchaze ngokulula.

Le nkqubo ye-`(Autophagy)` incediswa luhlobo oluthile lweproteni . Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Autophagy-related proteins)` okanye `(ATGs)`. Ezi protein ze-`(ATGs)` ziqokelela inkunkuma engaphakathi kwiseli, oko kukuthi, iindawo ezindala nezonakaliswe yiyo, kwaye zenze isakhiwo esifana ne-membrane esijikeleze zona. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Autophagosome)`. Cinga ngayo njengengxowa yenkunkuma.

Emva koko, le ``Autophagosome'', loo ngxowa yenkunkuma, iya kwenye indawo ekhethekileyo yeseli. Ibizwa ngokuba yi``Lysosome.'' Le ``Lysosome'' ifana "nenkqubo yokulahla inkunkuma" kwiseli. Into eyenzayo kukugaya izinto ezikuloo ngxowa yenkunkuma, oko kukuthi, ukuziqhekeza zibe ziingceba ezincinci.

Igama elithi "Autophagy" livela kumagama amabini esiGrike. Igama elithi "Autos" lithetha "umntu" kwaye elithi "Phagomai" lithetha "ukutya." Lithetha "ukuzitya." Kufana neseli "esitya" iindawo zayo ezingafunekiyo, akunjalo?

Ngoko ke emva kokuba i-`(Lysosome)` iwugayile umdaka, ikhupha iindawo ezilungileyo (ezifana nezinto eziluhlaza) ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Emva koko iseli isebenzisa ezo zinto ziluhlaza ukwenza iindawo ezintsha ezizifunayo. Ayimangalisi loo nto?

Le nkqubo ye-"Autophagy" ivuselelwa nini emizimbeni yethu?

Le nkqubo ye-"Autophagy" idla ngokukhawulezisa xa iiseli zethu zingenazo izondlo okanye ioksijini eziyidingayo, okanye xa iiseli zonakala.

Cinga ngale ndlela: `(Autophagy)` yinkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe enceda iseli ukuba isebenzise ngokupheleleyo izixhobo zayo. Ngoko ke, xa izixhobo ezikhoyo kwiseli zisuka ngaphandle (njengokutya, ioksijini) ziphantsi, iseli kufuneka isebenzise ngokupheleleyo izixhobo enazo. Kulapho ke le nkqubo `(Autophagy)` isebenza ngakumbi.

Ngamafutshane, kufana neseli "esitya" kwaye izama ukusinda. Kodwa into entle ngale nto kukuba iiseli ziqala ukusebenza kakuhle ngenxa yale mizamo yokusinda.

Ngaba singayiphembelela ngabom le nkqubo ye-"Autophagy"?

Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, "Ah, ngoko ke singayiqala le ndlela sifuna ngayo? Oko kungaba kuhle!" Kaloku, kukho iindlela zokunika iiseli zethu " uxinzelelo " kwaye sizincede ziqalise le nkqubo ye-"Autophagy". Nazi:

• Ukuzila ukutya: Oku kuthetha ukungatyi ixesha elithile. Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba uyeka ukufumana izondlo ezivela kwihlabathi langaphandle kwaye iiseli ziyanyanzeleka ukuba ziphinde zisebenzise amalungu azo ukuze zivelise amandla.
• Ukuncitshiswa kweekhalori: Oku kuquka ukunciphisa inani leekhalori ozityayo ngosuku ngaphandle kokuyeka ngokupheleleyo ukutya, njengokuzila ukutya. Oku kunokukhuthaza "i-Autophagy" kuba iiseli ziziva zingenazo izondlo.
• Ukutshintshela ekutyeni okunamafutha amaninzi, okune-carb ephantsi: Oku kubizwa ngabantu abaninzi ngokuba yi-"Keto diet." Okwenzekayo koku kukuba indlela umzimba osebenzisa ngayo amandla iyatshintsha. Endaweni yee-carbohydrate (isitatshi, iswekile), uqala ukutshisa amafutha ukuze ufumane amandla. Olu tshintsho lunokuqalisa inkqubo ye-"Autophagy."
• Ukuzilolonga: Ngexesha lokuzilolonga, ingakumbi xa izihlunu zethu ziphantsi koxinzelelo oluthile, umsebenzi weeproteni ze-"ATGs" ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili unokwanda kwaye i-"Autophagy" inokuvuselelwa. Oku kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomthambo owenziweyo kunye nobukhali bawo.

Kodwa, kukho into ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uyikhumbule apha. Nangona kukho iindlela zokuvuselela '(Autophagy)', azifanelekanga kuye wonke umntu. Umzekelo, ukuba ukhulelwe, uncancisa, okanye unesifo esifana 'neDiabetes Mellitus', ukuzila ukutya, ukunciphisa iikhalori, okanye ukutshintshela kwi-'(Keto diet)' ngequbuliso kunokuba yingozi. Ngokufanayo, ayingombono ulungileyo ukuqala ngequbuliso umthambo onzima ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha.

Unexesha elingakanani lokuzila ukutya ukuze uqale `(Autophagy)`?

Izifundo zezilwanyana zibonisa ukuba i-autophagy inokubangela ukuzila ukutya iiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48. Nangona kunjalo, uphando alwanelanga okwangoku malunga nokuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba i-autophagy iqale ebantwini.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ucinga ngokwenza utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela otya ngayo njengokuzila ukutya, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha. Nangona ukuzila ukutya kunokuba luncedo kwabanye abantu, kunokuba yingozi kwimpilo yabanye. Ngoko ke musa ukuthatha iingozi ezingeyomfuneko.

Yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-`(Autophagy)` kunye nesifo?

Ngaphambili, izazinzulu zazicinga ukuba "i-Autophagy" yinkqubo eqhelekileyo yokucoca iiseli, uhlobo "lokucoca indlu." Nangona kunjalo, uphando kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo lubonise ukuba "i-Autophagy " inokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni nasekuphenduleni izifo .

Umzekelo, izifundo zibonise ukuba iingxaki ngenkqubo ethi "Autophagy" zinokunxulunyaniswa nezi meko zilandelayo zesifo:

• `(Isifo sikaCrohn)` (Isifo sikaCrohn)
• `(Isifo seswekile)` (Isifo seswekile)
• Isifo sentliziyo
• `(Isifo sikaHuntington)` (Isifo sikaHuntington)
• Isifo sezintso
• Isifo sesibindi
• `(Isifo sikaParkinson)` (Isifo sikaParkinson)

Kwakhona, iingxaki ngenkqubo ye-`(Autophagy)` zifunyenwe zidibene nomhlaza . Xa ``inkunkuma`` iqokelelana ngaphakathi kwiseli, inokunyusa umngcipheko weempazamo kwizinto zemfuza, oko kukuthi, `(DNA)`. Olu tshintsho kwi-`(DNA)` lunokubangela `(uguquko lwemfuza)`, olunokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kweeseli zomhlaza.

Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukutsho ukuba `(Autophagy)` ilungile okanye ayilunganga ekuthinteleni izifo. Umzekelo, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba `(Autophagy)` inceda ekuthinteleni ukwakheka kweethumba kwizigaba zokuqala zomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, olunye uphando lubonise ukuba `(Autophagy)` inokwenza iiseli zomhlaza zisebenze kakuhle kwaye incede neethumba zomhlaza zikhule.

Kwakhona, uninzi lwezifundo ezenziweyo malunga nonxibelelwano phakathi kwe-autophagy kunye nesifo azizange zenziwe ebantwini. Ziye zenziwa rhoqo kwizilwanyana ezifana neempuku. Ngoko ke, njengoko izazinzulu zifunda ngakumbi ngale nkqubo, sinokukwazi ukufumana umfanekiso ocacileyo wendlela echaphazela ngayo izifo ezithile kunye nempilo yethu yexesha elide.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kutshanje, xa kukho intetho eninzi malunga ne-`(Autophagy)`, abanye abantu bebeyibiza ngokuba "yindlela yokuphila" - indlela yokuhlala uselula kwaye ube neeseli ezisempilweni. Nangona kunjalo, i-`(Autophagy)` ayilula kangako.

Kuyinyani ukuba i-autophagy ibalulekile kwiiseli eziphilileyo. Kuyinyani nokuba iingxaki zenkqubo ye-autophagy zinxulunyaniswa nezinye izifo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho phando lwaneleyo olubonisa ukuba ukukhuthaza i-autophagy kulungile kwindlela yokuphila enempilo.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwimpilo yakho, ukuzila ukutya, ukunciphisa iikhalori, ukwenza utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela otya ngayo, okanye ukuqala ngequbuliso inkqubo yokuzilolonga enzima kunokuba yingozi. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila olunokuchaphazela iinkqubo zendalo zomzimba wakho. Akuyongcinga ilungileyo ukuthatha oku 'njengomkhwa' uze ngequbuliso uyeke ukutya, unciphise iikhalori, okanye uqale inkqubo yokuzilolonga enzima. Ngugqirha wakho kuphela owaziyo ukuba yintoni elungele umzimba wakho.

I- Autophagy, ukucocwa kweeseli, ukuzila ukutya, impilo yeeseli, ukwaluphala, ukusebenza komzimba, ubomi obusempilweni