Ingaba unengxaki yesisu okanye amathumbu akho? Masithethe ngogqirha wezifo zamathumbu!

Ngamanye amaxesha sifumana iintlobo ngeentlobo zeengxaki zesisu. Isisu sibuhlungu, siziva sidumbile, sivakalelwa kukuba asikwazi ukugaya ukutya... Kuyacaphukisa kakhulu xa izinto ezinje ziqhubeka zisenzeka, akunjalo? Ngoko ke, ubusazi ukuba kukho ugqirha ogxile kwizifo ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokugaya ukutya? Loo gqirha ubizwa ngokuba yi-gastroenterologist . Makhe sithethe ngayo ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje.

Ngubani ingcali yezifo zesisu?

Ngamafutshane, i-gastroenterologist ngugqirha ogxile kwizifo zenkqubo yakho yokugaya ukutya - oko kukuthi, zonke izitho ezibandakanyekayo ekugayweni kokutya. Baqala ngokuqeqeshwa njengoogqirha abaqhelekileyo. Emva kweminyaka emithathu yesikolo sezonyango, bafumana amava okunyanga zonke iintlobo zezifo. Emva koko, ukuze babe yi-gastroenterologist, kufuneka bafunde ngokukodwa eminye iminyaka emithathu. Ekugqibeleni, bafumana isatifikethi esikhethekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba bangoochwephesha kwizifo zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya. Kwakhona, baneziqinisekiso ezikhethekileyo zokwenza uvavanyo oluthile kunye nonyango olungawenziwa ngoogqirha abaqhelekileyo, kunye nokuqonda iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nonyango.

Ingaba ikho ingcali kwinkqubo yokwetyisa yabantwana abancinci? (Ingcali yeGastroenterologist yabantwana)

Ewe, zikho ngokwenene. Sizibiza ngokuba yi-`(Pediatric Gastroenterologist)`. Aba gqirha baqeqeshwa kuqala njenge-`(Pediatric Doctor)`. Emva koko bafumana iminyaka emithathu yoqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya. Bagxila kakhulu kwizifo zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya nesibindi seentsana, abantwana abancinci, kunye nabantwana abancinci . Baxhalabele kakhulu ukondleka kwabantwana. Aba bantu baqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukuqonda iimpawu zabantwana kunye nokuhlola ingaphakathi lemizimba yabo emincinci.

Zeziphi iindawo zomzimba ezijongwa yingcali yezifo zesisu?

Xa usiva eli gama – (Gastroenterologist) – 'Gastro' lithetha isisu , 'entero' lithetha amathumbu . 'ingcali' lithetha ingcali. Ngoko ke, ikakhulu isisu namathumbu. Kodwa, inkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya inkulu kakhulu kunoko.

Cinga ngayo, le nkqubo iqala emlonyeni xa sisitya.

Okulandelayo , umphimbo, umphimbo, isisu , umathumbu amancinci , kunye nomathumbu amakhulu zezakhe.

Ayipheleli apho, kodwa amalungu avelisa inyongo kunye nee-enzymes zokugaya ukutya ezinceda ekugayeni ukutya nazo ziyabandakanyeka.

• Isibindi
• Inyongo (indawo apho inyongo evela esibindini iqokelelwa ize igcinwe khona)
• I-Pancreas
• Imibhobho yenyongo (iityhubhu ezithwala inyongo)

Ngoko ke ingcali yezifo zesisu ikhangela izifo ezenzeka kuzo zonke ezi zitho zomzimba .

Kutheni kufuneka sibone ugqirha wezifo zesisu?

Umbuzo omhle. Mhlawumbi uneempawu zokugaya ukutya (umz., iintlungu zesisu, urhudo, ukuqhina), kodwa ugqirha wakho wentsapho usenokungakwazi ukuxilonga, okanye amayeza abakunika wona asenokungasebenzi. Kwimeko enjalo, kungcono ukubona ingcali.

Okanye, ukuba sele uyazi ukuba unesifo sokugaya esibi kakhulu (njenge-IBD), kungcono ukubona ingcali ukuze ufumane unyango olungcono lwaso.

Ngenxa yokuba aba gqirha abaziingcali bahlala bephanda, bephanda, kwaye bevavanya ezi ntlobo zezifo, bayakwazi ngakumbi ukufumanisa isifo ngokuchanekileyo nangokukhawuleza, kwaye basinyange ngeengxaki ezimbalwa .

Zeziphi izifo eziphambili ezinyangwa yi-gastroenterologist?

Zininzi izifo . Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ziphambili.

Izifo zesisu:

• I-Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), isifo esibangela urhudo okanye ukuqhinwa rhoqo
• Isifo samathumbu esibangelwa kukudumba (IBD) (oku kuquka isifo sikaCrohn kunye neUlcerative Colitis)
• Isifo seCeliac , i-allergy kwiproteni yegluten efumaneka kumgubo wengqolowa
• Ukukhula Okugqithisileyo Kwebhaktheriya Yamathumbu Amancinci (SIBO)
• Ukunganyamezelani nokutya kunye nokunganyamezelani nokutya okwahlukeneyo
• Izilonda zesisu
• I-Diverticulitis ( iingxowa ezincinci ezikhula emathunjini amakhulu zize zosuleleke )
• I-Appendicitis (oku kudla ngokufuna utyando)
• Ukukhula okuncinci kumathumbu amakhulu okubizwa ngokuba yi- "Colorectal polyps" (kubalulekile ukususa ezi zinto kuba zinokuguquka zibe ngumhlaza)
• IiHemorrhoids

Iingxaki zomqala:

• Ubunzima bokuginya
• Isifo seGastroesophageal Reflux (GERD) sisifo esibangelwa yi -asidi yesisu ephuma iye kwi-esophagus (sikwabiza oku ngokuba yi-acid reflux).
• I-Esophagitis
• I-Hiatal hernias ( inxalenye yesisu ephuma esifubeni )

Izifo zesibindi:

• I-hepatitis ebangelwa yintsholongwane (umz. i-hepatitis B, C)
• Ukonakala kwesibindi ngenxa yetyhefu (i-Toxic hepatitis)
• Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha
• I-Cirrhosis ( ukuqina kwesibindi )

Izifo zePancreatitis, biliary kunye neGallbladder:

• Amatye enyongo
• I-Cholecystitis
• I-Pancreatitis

Ziziphi iimpawu ekufuneka uzixelele ugqirha wezifo zesisu?

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ingcali:

• Intlungu zesisu
• Isisu esidumbileyo
• Iingxaki zokugaya ukutya, ukungagayi kakuhle ukutya
• Intlungu yegesi kunye negesi
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ukopha emqolo (oku kungaba bomvu okanye mnyama)
• Urhudo (ukuhamba rhoqo kwamathumbu)
• Ukuqhinwa okanye ubunzima bokuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni
• Ukwehla kobunzima okanye ukutyeba okungachazekiyo
• Isitshiso sentliziyo (njengakwiGERD)
• Ukutyheli kolusu namehlo (i-Jaundice)

Yintoni eyenziwa yi-Gastroenterologist?

Okokuqala, ugqirha uza kukuhlola ngokwasemzimbeni . Baza kukuchukumisa isisu sakho, bamamele ngetyhubhu, baze bafake nomnwe kwi-rectum yakho (uvavanyo lwedijithali lwe-rectal).

Emva koko, banokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi , uvavanyo lwesitulo , okanye uvavanyo lwemifanekiso yangaphandle efana ne -X-ray ukuze bafumane ulwazi oluthe kratya.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi mvavanyo zodwa azikwazi ukufumanisa isifo ngokuchanekileyo, iingcali ze-gastroenterologists ziqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukwenza iinkqubo ze-endoscopic .

Yintoni i-endoscopy?

Ngamafutshane, oku kuquka ukufaka ityhubhu ende, ebhityileyo, neguquguqukayo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-endoscope) enekhamera eqhotyoshelwe emzimbeni kwaye ujonge ngqo kwizitho zangaphakathi. Oku kunokubonelela ngolwazi oluninzi.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zovavanyo lwe-endoscopy:

• I-Upper endoscopy (EGD): Oku kuquka ukuhlola umphimbo, isisu, kunye nenxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancinci (i-duodenum) ngetyhubhu efakwe ngomlomo.
• I-endoscopy yamathumbu amancinci (`Enteroscopy`): Le isetyenziselwa ukujonga amathumbu amancinci onke.
• I-Colonoscopy: Abantu abaninzi baye bakuva oku. Ityhubhu ifakwa nge-anus kwaye wonke umathumbu amakhulu (ikholoni) uyahlolwa.
• I-ultrasound ye-Endoscopic: Inxalenye encinci yomatshini we-ultrasound incamathiselwe esiphelweni se-endoscope kwaye izicubu ezinzulu zamalungu angaphakathi (ingakumbi i-gallbladder kunye ne-pancreas) ziyahlolwa.
• I-ERCP (i-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography): Olu luvavanyo oluntsonkothileyo kancinci. Lwenziwa njenge-endoscopy ephezulu, kwaye kufakwa izinto ezikhethekileyo kwi-bile ducts nakwi-pancreatic ducts kwaye kuthathwa i-X-ray.
• I-Polypectomy: Ukususwa kweentsholongwane ezincinci (ii-polyps) esiswini okanye emathunjini ngexesha le-endoscopy.

Uvavanyo lwe-Endoscopy aluncedi nje kuphela ekuboneni ukuba siyintoni kanye kanye esi sifo, kodwa lukwanezinye izibonelelo. Ugqirha angadlulisa izixhobo ezincinci kwi-endoscope aze athathe iisampulu zezicubu (ii-biopsy) aze azithumele kwilebhu. Banokwenza nonyango oluncinci . Umzekelo, banokuyandisa indawo evalekileyo, bayeke ukopha, okanye basuse iithumba ezincinci ngaphambi kotyando. Kwiimeko ezininzi, zinokwenziwa ngoko nangoko.

Ngaba iingcali ze-gastroenterologists nazo ziyayinyanga umhlaza?

Ewe, uninzi lwexesha, ingcali yesifo sesisu ngowokuqala ukufumanisa umhlaza kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya (njengesisu, amathumbu, umphimbo, isibindi, ipancreas, inyongo). Banokusebenzisa i-endoscopy kunye ne-biopsy ukufumana ukukhula komhlaza kunye nokuthatha iisampulu ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Ukuba umhlaza uqinisekisiwe, kunokwenziwa olunye uvavanyo lwe-endoscopic ukuze kubonwe ukuba usasazeke kangakanani (olubizwa ngokuba yi-'staging').

Kwezinye iimeko, iingcali zesifo sesisu zinokususa iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza nge-endoscope (ukuhluza) okanye zitshabalalise nge-laser.

Iindidi zomhlaza ezinxulunyaniswa nazo zezi:

• Umhlaza wesisu
• Umhlaza weColoral
• Umhlaza wesisu
• Umhlaza wesibindi
• Umhlaza wePancreatic
• Umhlaza wenyongo
• Umhlaza we-bile duct

Akuphelelanga apho, kodwa umntu onolunye uhlobo lomhlaza unokufuna uncedo lwengcali yesisu ukuze abone ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya, okanye ukulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza (umz., `(I-Chemotherapy)`, `(Unyango lwemisebe)`) ezichaphazela inkqubo yokugaya ukutya (umz., izilonda zomlomo/amathumbu `(I-Mucositis)`, `(I-enteritis yemisebe)`, isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, urhudo, ukuqhina, ukungabikho kokutya okunempilo).

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Gastroenterologist kunye ne-Proctologist?

Umbuzo omhle. Igama elithi ``proctologist'' alisetyenziswa rhoqo kule mihla. Endaweni yoko, igama elithi `` ugqirha we -colorectal'' lisetyenziswa kakhulu.

Ngamafutshane, "iProctologist" okanye "ugqirha weColorectal" ngoogqirha . Baqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukwenza utyando kwizifo ze-colon, rectum, kunye ne-anus. Bachitha malunga neminyaka emihlanu besenza utyando oluqhelekileyo emva kokugqiba izifundo zobugqirha, baze emva koko bafumane uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwicandelo le-colorectal.

Nangona kunjalo, ingcali yesisu yingcali yezonyango, hayi ugqirha wotyando . Umsebenzi wakhe ophambili kukufumanisa izifo, ukuzinyanga ngamayeza, nokwenza iimvavanyo ezifana ne-endoscopy.

Ingcali yezifo zesisu ingakuxelela ukuba uyaludinga utyando okanye akunjalo. Kodwa ayilwenzi olu tyando. Ikuthumela kugqirha wezifo zesisu. Lo ngumahluko omkhulu.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Inkqubo yethu yokwetyisa yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, edibeneyo yamalungu omzimba. Yinkqubo eqhubekayo yokuqhekeza ukutya esikutyayo, ukufunxa izondlo esizifunayo, nokukhupha inkunkuma. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle kule nkqubo, imizimba yethu iya kuyiva loo nto.

Iingxaki zesisu kunye nokugaya ukutya zixhaphake kakhulu. Kodwa akulula ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela ezo zinto. Kulapho ke udinga khona uncedo lwengcali. Ingcali yezifo zesisu inokuqonda indlela ezisebenzisana ngayo zonke ezi zitho, ifumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye engalunganga kwinkqubo yakho yokugaya ukutya, ize ikunike unyango oludingayo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba unentlungu engapheliyo esiswini okanye iingxaki zokugaya ukutya, ungoyiki ukubona ugqirha wezifo zamathumbu. Oku kungakunika isiqabu esikhulu.

Inkqubo yokwetyisa, ingcali yesisu, izifo zesisu, i-endoscopy, i-colonoscopy, isibindi, isisu