Masifunde ngeqhawe elincinci lenkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya: i-Ampulla yaseVater.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba sikwetyisa njani kanye kanye ukutya esikutyayo? Yinkqubo enzima kakhulu, kodwa asicingi kakhulu ngamalungu amancinci angaphakathi emizimbeni yethu anceda ukuba kuhambe kakuhle, akunjalo? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesitho esingaziwayo esidlala indima enkulu kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya. Yi "Ampulla yeVater." Nangona igama layo lisenokuvakala lingaqhelekanga, umsebenzi walo ubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, ngubani lo Ampulla waseVater? Uphi?

Ngamafutshane, i-ampulla yeVater yinxalenye yenkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya . Ngokuchanekileyo, ikwindawo ephakathi kwesisu sethu, ikufutshane kakhulu nezitho ezibalulekileyo ezifana nepancreas , isibindi , amathumbu amancinci, kunye nenyongo . Cinga ngayo njengendawo apho iindlela ezimbini zidibana khona. Kanye ngaloo ndlela, i-ampulla yeVater yenziwa khona apho i-common bile duct yethu ( ityhubhu ethwala inyongo evela kwisibindi kunye nenyongo ) kunye ne-pancreatic duct (ityhubhu ethwala ijusi yokugaya ukutya evela kwi-pancreas) idibana khona. Ulwelo oluvela kwezi duct zimbini, ezizezi inyongo (enceda ekugayeni amafutha) kunye nejusi ye-pancreatic (enceda ekugayeni iiproteni kunye nee-carbohydrates ekutyeni), zidibana zize ziye kwinxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu ethu amancinci . Siyibiza ngokuba yi-duodenum . Ngoko ke le ampulla yamanzi ifana nendawo apho la manzi abalulekileyo ahlala khona okwethutyana aze avule indlela yokuba aye kwi-duodenum xa kufuneka. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bayibiza ngokuba yi-hepatopancreatic ampulla.

Isebenza njani le Ampulla yaseVater?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone indlela esebenza ngayo le nxalenye incinci. Ekupheleni kwale ampulla yeVater, apho idibana khona ne-duodenum, kukho umngxuma omncinci. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-major duodenal papilla okanye i-papilla yeVater. Cinga ngayo njengempompo yamanzi. Kukho isangqa semisipha esikhethekileyo esilawula lo mngxuma. Sibizwa ngokuba yi-sphincter ye-Oddi . Oku kusebenza njengomlindi wesango. Xa ukutya kungena kwi-duodenum, le sphincter ye-Oddi iyavuleka, ivumela i-bile kunye nejusi ye-pancreatic eqokelelene kwi-ampulla ukuba ingene kwi-duodenum. Kulapho ezi zinto zixubana nokutya kwaye kuqala ukugaywa ngokufanelekileyo. Emva koko, le valve iyavalwa, ithintela ukutya ukuba kungabuyeli kwi-ampulla. Yinkqubo elawulwa ngobuchule kakhulu.

Ngoko ke yintoni umsebenzi oyintloko wale ampulla yesibindi?

Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukusebenza njengomnxibelelanisi phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo enkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya. Ngokuchanekileyo:

• Isebenza njengendawo encinci yokugcina inyongo kunye nejusi yepancreatic okwethutyana .
• Ezi zinto zimanzi, ezinceda umzimba wethu ukuba utye ukutya kwaye zifunxe izondlo zako, zivula indlela yokuba i-duodenum izikhuphe ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo .

Ngamafutshane, ukuze umzimba ufumane amandla ekutyeni esikutyayo, lo mhlobo mncinci obizwa ngokuba yi-Ampulla of Vater kufuneka asebenze kakuhle.

Injani imilo yale ampulla yamanzi?

Igama elithi "Ampoule" ligama lesiLatini. Lithetha "ibhotile encinci" okanye into efana ne "flask." Mhlawumbi ukhe wazibona ezinye iibhotile ezibanzi ezantsi kwaye zincinci phezulu. Yiyo le Ampulla yeVater. Yibhegi encinci, evuvukileyo kancinci, efana neflask . Ingqukuva kwelinye icala kwaye ijiyile kwelinye.

Ziziphi izifo ezinokuchaphazela i-ampulla yeVater?

Ngokwesiqhelo, wenza umsebenzi wakhe ngokulahlekelwa. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha iingxaki zinokuvela. Makhe sibone ukuba zithini:

I-adenoma ye-Ampullary

Olu lukhula oluncinci olwenzeka ngaphakathi kwi-ampulla. Ukuchaneka, yi -polyp . Ezi zihlala zingekho ngumhlaza. Azibonisi zimpawu zikhethekileyo. Zihlala zifunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha le-endoscopy yengxaki yesisu. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha le adenoma inokuba ngumhlaza. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, oogqirha bacebisa ukuba isuswe ngotyando (resection).

Umhlaza we-Ampullary

Iipolyps ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili ngamanye amaxesha zinokuguquka zibe ngumhlaza. Olu luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga kakhulu . Ludla ngokubonakala kubantu abakwiminyaka yabo engama-70. Ukuba umntu kusapho unesifo esifana ne -polyposis syndrome, okanye ukuba unembali yosapho yeentlobo ezithile zomhlaza we-colorectal (umhlaza we-colorectal ongengowe-polyposis), umngcipheko wokufumana lo mhlaza uphezulu kancinci. Ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba, utyando lunokwenziwa ukuze kususwe i-tumor. Kwimeko apho isasazeke kancinci, i-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation nazo zinokufuneka.

Amatye enyongo

Ngamanye amaxesha amatye enyongo anokubhajwa kwi-ampulla yeVater. Le yimeko eyingozi kwaye inokubeka ubomi esichengeni. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ugqirha wotyandoAmatye asuswa nge-endoscopy.

Ukuba kukho uhlobo oluthile lwengxaki kwi-ampulla, zeziphi iimpawu eziya kuboniswa yiyo?

Khawucinge nje, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba i-polyp, ithumba elinomhlaza, okanye i-gallstone inamathela ngaphakathi kwi-ampulla? Emva koko i-bile evela kwi-bile duct kunye nejusi yokugaya ukutya evela kwi-pancreatic duct azikwazi ukuhamba kakuhle. Oko kuthetha ukuba indlela iyavalwa . Kulapho iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ziqala ukubonakala khona. Umzekelo:

• Usenokuba nesisu esibuhlungu .
• Usulelo lwebhaktheriya kwimibhobho yenyongo (i-cholangitis) lunokubangela umkhuhlane kunye ne-jaundice (ukutyheli kwamehlo nolusu).
• Kunokubakho isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza .
• Kunokwenzeka ukudumba kwepancreas, okanye i-pancreatitis .
• Ungaqaphela ukwehla kobunzima bomzimba .

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kugqirha.

Singayigcina njani le ampulla yamanzi isempilweni?

Inyaniso kukuba, iingcali azikayazi kakuhle indlela yokuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwee-ampullary polyps okanye umhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezimbalwa esinokuzenza ukuthintela amatye enyongo nokugcina yonke inkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya isempilweni ngokubanzi.

• Kuphephe ukutya ukutya okune -carbohydrate ecociweyo eninzi. Oko kuthetha ukunciphisa ukutya okwenziwe ngomgubo wesonka kunye nokutya okuneswekile eninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
• Endaweni yokutya okuqhotsiweyo kunye neelekese, khetha amafutha anempilo. Umzekelo, izinto ezifana neoyile yentlanzi kunye neoyile yomnquma zilungile.
• Yitya ukutya okuninzi okunefayibha eninzi . Iziqhamo, imifuno, iimbotyi, amandongomane, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo zimizekelo emihle. Ifayibha ibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya.
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweswekile kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ngokulandela ezi zinto, uya kufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo kakhulu kungekuphela nje kwi-Ampulla yeVater, kodwa nakwimpilo yakho yonke.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba le Ampulla yaseVater yiqhawe elincinci elenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ongathethiyo kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya. Ifumaneka kwindawo edibana kuyo i-common bile duct kunye ne-pancreatic duct, iqokelela i-bile kunye nejusi ye-pancreatic kwaye inceda ukuyithumela emathunjini amancinci (i-duodenum) xa kufuneka. Yingakho ukutya esikutyayo kugaywa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye umzimba ufumana izondlo.

Ngoko ke, kufuneka sicinge nangempilo yakhe. Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokuphila ubomi obusempilweni kuya kunceda kakhulu ekukhuseleni eli qhawe lincinci ekuguleni nasekulincedeni lenze umsebenzi walo ngokufanelekileyo. Kuba, ukuba liphilile, nathi siphilile!