Ngaba nawe ungaboni kakuhle ebusuku? Masifunde ngakumbi ngeNgqondo yasebusuku!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi awukwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacileyo xa uhamba esitalatweni ebusuku, okanye xa kumnyama ngaphakathi endlwini yakho? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva unzima kancinci kwiholo yeemuvi, kwindawo enokukhanya okuphantsi? Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni le " mbono yasebusuku" okanye (njengoko ibizwa ngesiNgesi) , indlela amehlo ethu aqhelana ngayo nayo, kunye nesizathu sokuba abanye abantu babe nombono ophantsi ebusuku. Ekubeni le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo, masiqaphele oku.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukubona ebusuku? Ingaba yiloo nto (iScotopic Vision)?

Ngamafutshane, ukubona ebusuku kukukwazi ukubona izinto ekukhanyeni okuphantsi, okanye ebumnyameni. Ngokwezonyango, oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yiScotopic Vision . Oku kuchasene ngokupheleleyo nokubona izinto emini, phantsi kweemeko zokukhanya ezilungileyo. Siyibiza ngokuba yiPhotopic Vision .

Khawuthelekelele, amehlo ethu nengqondo yethu zisebenzisana ukwenza le nto ibizwa ngokuba kukubona. Kufana nokusebenza ngokubambisana. Emini, ekukhanyeni okwenziweyo, nasebumnyameni, ezi zimbini zisebenza kunye ukuguqula imiqondiso yombane ibe yimifanekiso kwaye zisibonise yona. Ayimangalisi na loo nto?

Amehlo ethu asinceda njani sibone ebumnyameni?

Amehlo ethu ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwaye anobuchule kakhulu. Masibone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi kweliso ebusuku.

Ukukhanya kungena elisweni nge -cornea, eyi-membrane ephambi kweliso. Oku kufana nelensi. Emva koko oku kukhanya kudlula kumngxuma omncinci omnyama phakathi kweliso. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-pupil , okanye ngesiSinhala, ' iliso elimnyama '. Indawo enemibala ejikeleze eli lungu ibizwa ngokuba yi-iris , okanye 'i-iris yeliso'. Le iris isebenza njengesihlunu. Xa kukho ukukhanya okungakumbi, umfundi uyancipha, kwaye xa kukho ukukhanya okuncinci, oko kukuthi, ebumnyameni, umfundi uyakhula. Usebenza njengelensi yekhamera.

Okulandelayo kuza eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu, ngakumbi kwi -retina , kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeeseli ezibona ukukhanya. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-photoreceptors . Zezi:

• Iiseli zentonga
• Iiseli zekhowuni (iiKhowuni)

Ezi seli zezona zibamba amasuntswana okukhanya, okanye ii-photon , ezingena elisweni, ziwaguqule abe ziimpawu zombane, zize ziwathumele engqondweni. Amehlo ethu adla ngokuba neeseli zekhoni ezimalunga nezigidi ezi-6 kunye neeseli zerod ezimalunga nezigidi ezili-120! Linani elimangalisayo elo, akunjalo?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweentonga kunye neekhowuni?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone umahluko phakathi kwezi seli zimbini.

• Iikhowuni: Ezi zezona zisinceda sibone umbala. Ezi seli zekhowuni zisebenza kakuhle emini nasekukhanyeni okuhle. Zifumaneka kakhulu kwi-retina (Embindini we -retina , kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-macula .
• IiRods: Ziingooqhawe bebali lethu namhlanje! Ezi rod cells zezona zisinceda sibone izinto ekukhanyeni okuphantsi, oko kukuthi, ebumnyameni. Zifumaneka kakhulu kwimiphetho engaphandle ye-retina . Yiyo loo nto sifumana umbono ongaphandle . Kodwa kukho into encinci, ezi rod cells azikwazi ukwahlula imibala. Yiyo loo nto ebusuku sibona umnyama, umhlophe kunye nongwevu kuphela.

Ngaphezu koko, ezi rod cells zinovakalelo oluphindwe kayi-500 ukuya kwi-1000 ekukhanyeni kunee cone cells! Oko kuthetha ukuba zinokufumana nokukhanya okuncinci kakhulu.

Kutheni abantu bengaboni kakuhle ebusuku njengezilwanyana?

Mhlawumbi ukhe wayibona indlela izilwanyana ezifana neekati nezinja ezibona kakuhle ngayo ebusuku. Kutheni thina singenakukwazi? Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoko.

• Ezinye izilwanyana zinamehlo amakhulu kunabantu.
• Kwakhona, iliso labo elimnyama, okanye iliso elimnyama, linokuvula likhulu kunabantu, livumele ukukhanya okungakumbi kungene kweliso.
• Enye into ekhethekileyo kukuba ezinye izilwanyana zine-membrane ebizwa ngokuba yi-Tapetum Lucidum emehlweni azo. Oku kubonisa ukukhanya okungena kwiliso kubuyela kwi -retina . Kufana nesipili. Yiyo loo nto banokusebenzisa ukukhanya kabini. Abantu abanayo le Tapetum Lucidum .

Umbono wethu utshintsha njani ebusuku?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, iirodi zezona zisebenza kakhulu ebusuku. Ngenxa yokuba azikwazi ukubona umbala, asinakukwazi ukubona umbala ebusuku. Sibona umnyama, umhlophe, nongwevu kuphela. Njengefilimu endala emnyama nomhlophe.

Kuthiwa umntu onombono ongama-20/20 emini unokubona malunga neekhilomitha ezintathu ukusuka apho, nangona ukugoba koMhlaba kusithintela ekubeni sikwazi ukubona ngaphaya koko. Nangona kunjalo, sinokubona izinto ezifana nezakhiwo neenkwenkwezi ezikude kakhulu kunoko.

Yintoni i-Night Blindness?

Abanye abantu ababoni kakuhle ebusuku. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba kusebumnyameni, into eqhelekileyo kwabanye, abakwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacileyo. Umzekelo, banengxaki yokubona kwiindawo ezikhanyayo kancinci njengeendawo zokutyela okanye iimuvi. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yiNight Blindness , okanye ngokwezonyango , yiNyctalopia .

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba iNyctalopia ayisosifo esinye. Inokuba luphawu lwesinye isifo samehlo esifihlakeleyo.

Oku kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nento yokuba xa usuka kwindawo ekhanyiswe kakuhle uye kwindawo emnyama, amehlo akho akakwazi ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza. Abantu abangaboni kakuhle, oko kukuthi, abo bane -myopia, nabo ngamanye amaxesha banokuba nobunzima bokubona ebusuku. Kungenxa ye-retinaIsenokungabi yingxaki yesifo se-retina, kodwa yingxaki kwindlela ukukhanya okugxile ngayo ngaphakathi kweliso.

Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili zokuncipha kokubona ebusuku?

Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezinokubangela ukuncipha kombono ebusuku, okanye i-nyctalopia . Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa zazo.

I-Glaucoma kunye nonyango lwayo

I-Glaucoma liqela lezifo zamehlo ezonakalisa umthambo we-optic , ongulo mthambo othwala imiqondiso esuka kwi-retina ukuya ebuchotsheni. I-Glaucoma inokubangela ukulahleka kombono ebusuku. Kwakhona, amanye amayeza e-glaucoma, anjenge -pilocarpine, anciphisa umfundi . Oku kunokubangela nokulahleka kombono ebusuku.

IiCataracts

Iikhatharakthi yimeko apho ilensi ecacileyo ngaphakathi kweliso iba namafu kwaye ibe namafu. Oku kuthintela ukukhanya ekugxileni ngokufanelekileyo. Le yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu, ingakumbi njengoko sikhula. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-50% abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-80 ubudala bane-cataracts okanye baye baba nayo. Unyango oluqhelekileyo lwee-cataracts kukuzisusa ngotyando. Xa kuvela iikhatharakthi, umbono ebusuku uyancipha kakhulu, ingakumbi xa uqhuba. Zinokubonakala ngathi izibane zisasazekile.

I-Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)

I-Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) liqela lezifo zamehlo ezizuzwe njengelifa. Ichaphazela ngqo i-retina . Enye yeempawu zokuqala ze- RP kukuncipha kokubona ebusuku. Oku kudla ngokuchaphazela omabini amehlo. Abantu abaninzi abane -RP banombono ophantsi, kwaye abanye banokude babe ziimfama.

Ukunqongophala kweVithamin A

IVithamini A ibalulekile emehlweni ethu, ingakumbi ekuboneni ebusuku. IVithamini A iyadingeka ukwenza ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yiRhodopsin, esinceda sibone ebusuku. Ukunqongophala kweVithamini A kunokubangela ukuba singaboni kakuhle ebusuku. Abantu abangatyi ukutya okunesondlo okanye abaye benza utyando oluthile (njengotyando lwe-intestinal bypass) banokunqongophala kweVithamini A. Ayichaphazeli amehlo kuphela, kodwa inokuchaphazela nolusu, intliziyo, imiphunga, kunye nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Isifo Seswekile (iDiabetes Mellitus)

Isifo seswekile i-Mellitus sisifo apho inqanaba leswekile egazini, okanye i-glucose, linyuka khona. Isifo seswekile sinokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zamehlo. Ukubona okufipheleyo kunye nokubona ebusuku okunciphileyo zezinye zazo. Ke ngoko, ukuba unesifo seswekile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula inqanaba leswekile egazini lakho. Kwakhona, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wamehlo rhoqo kwaye uhlolwe amehlo akho. Oku kungenxa yokuba isifo seswekile sandisa umngcipheko wokukhula kweemeko ezifana ne-glaucoma kunye ne-cataracts.

Ukonakala kweMacular okunxulumene nobudala (ARMD)

OkuUkuguga kweMacular Degeneration (ARMD) sisifo samehlo esinokufunyanwa njengelifa. Sichaphazela kakhulu umbono ophakathi . Umbono ongaphandle awuchaphazeleki. Sidla ngokubonakala kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Sinokuchaphazela iliso elinye okanye omabini.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zale nto: eyomileyo nemanzi.

• I-ARMD Eyomileyo: Kule meko, iintsalela ezimthubi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-drusen zenzeka kwindawo yeliso ebizwa ngokuba yi-macula . Emva koko i -macula iyancipha ize yome.
• I-ARMD Emanzi: Kule meko, imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga iyenzeka phantsi kwe -macula kwaye ivuza ulwelo. Emva koko i -macula iyadumba.

Kuzo zonke ezi meko, umbono wasebusuku unokuchaphazeleka.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela wokubona ebusuku?

Ukuba uxelela ugqirha ukuba ubona kakubi ebusuku, into yokuqala aza kuyenza kukuhlola amehlo akho ngononophelo. Uza kukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango kunye nezinye iimpawu. Ukongeza, banokwenza ezinye iimvavanyo ezimbalwa.

• I-Electroretinography: Olu vavanyo lujonga indlela i-retina yakho esabela ngayo ekukhanyeni.
• Itshati yokwahlulahlula kwePelli-Robson: Le ifana netshati esiyisebenzisayo ukufunda oonobumba xa sisiya kugqirha. Nangona kunjalo, le iqala ngomnyama ize kancinci kancinci ibe ngwevu. Oku kulinganisa indlela onokuhlula ngayo imibala eyahlukeneyo yengwevu.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Usenokuvavanywa igazi ukuze kuhlolwe amanqanaba akho evithamini A kunye neglucose .

Olu vavanyo lolona hlobo lokufumana unobangela ochanekileyo.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nombono opheleleyo emini kodwa ungaboni ebusuku?

Ewe, kunokwenzeka ngokupheleleyo. Nokuba unombono ogqibeleleyo wasemini (umbono we-20/20), unokuba nobunzima bokubona ebusuku okanye ekukhanyeni okuphantsi.

Umbono wakho wasebusuku usenokuncipha kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uhlangabezana noku, kubalulekile ukuthetha neqela lakho lezonyango. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unezinye izifo, ezifana nesifo seswekile.

Yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule kwinto ebesithetha ngayo (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu ngemibono yasebusuku namhlanje. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Ukubona ebusuku, oko kukuthi, umbono wasebusuku, kubaluleke kakhulu kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.
• Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho okanye ukulahleka kombono wakho wasebusuku, musa ukulibala. Qiniseka ukuba ucela ingcebiso kugqirha.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho rhoqo .Ingakumbi ukuba unezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile, i-glaucoma, okanye ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onezi zifo zamehlo.
• Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokuzilolonga kunokunceda ukugcina impilo yamehlo.

Ungalibali, amehlo ethu axabiseke kakhulu. Ngoko ke, luxanduva lwethu ukuwanyamekela kakuhle. Ukuba uneengxaki, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha.

Umbono wasebusuku , ukubona ngamehlo, umbono wasebusuku, ubumfama basebusuku, impilo yamehlo, i-retina, i-glaucoma