Konke ofuna ukukwazi malunga novavanyo lwegazi!

Unjani? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngento abantu abaninzi abadla ngokuyiva, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha bade bazive besoyika kancinci. Oko kumalunga novavanyo lwegazi. Ewe, ewe, olo vavanyo apho kufakwa inaliti kwaye kuthathwa igazi elincinci. Abanye abantu bayoyika kancinci xa besiva oku, akunjalo? Kodwa ungakhathazeki, oku kuyinto esinceda sifumane ulwazi oluninzi oluxabisekileyo malunga nempilo yemizimba yethu. Makhe sijonge ezinye iinkcukacha malunga noku.

Yintoni kanye kanye uvavanyo lwegazi?

Ngamafutshane, uvavanyo lwegazi luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziswa ngoogqirha ngamaxesha onke. Usenokuba novavanyo lwegazi njengenxalenye yovavanyo lomzimba oluqhelekileyo, okanye usenokuba unemeko yempilo okanye iimpawu ezifuna oko. Khawuthelekelele, ngamanye amaxesha uziva udiniwe, aze ugqirha athi, "Singenza uvavanyo lwegazi?"

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zovavanyo lwegazi. Ezinye iimvavanyo zijonga izinto ezifana neeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets egazini lakho. Ezinye zijonga izinto ezifana nee-electrolytes, iiproteni, kunye neehomoni egazini lakho. Ezi vavanyo zinokujonga nezinye zeeminerali egazini lakho.

Kodwa nantsi into ekufuneka uyikhumbule : Uvavanyo lwegazi luluncedo kakhulu koogqirha ekuxilongeni izifo, kodwa ingxelo yovavanyo lwegazi ayiloxilongo oluthe ngqo. Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba kukho into engaqhelekanga kwingxelo yegazi, akuthethi ukuba unesifo esinzima. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika emva kokubona ingxelo, thetha nogqirha wakho uze ufumane iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo.

Ndifanele ndifumane nini uvavanyo lwegazi?

Igazi lakho liyinto emangalisayo egcina ulwazi oluninzi malunga nempilo yomzimba wakho wonke. Yiyo loo nto uvavanyo lwegazi lubaluleke kangaka. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba ugqirha angayalela uvavanyo lwegazi:

• Ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwakho rhoqo ngonyaka: Ngeli xesha, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi ukuze ahlole impilo yakho iyonke. Umzekelo, kunokwenziwa uvavanyo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC), i-basic metabolic panel (BMP), okanye i-comprehensive metabolic panel.
• Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ukuba wenze uvavanyo lokuhlola: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba ube nazo naziphi na iimpawu. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba usemngciphekweni wokufumana isifo esithile, njengomhlaza, unokuyalela olu vavanyo. Umzekelo, ukuba usemngciphekweni wokufumana isifo semithambo yegazi, banokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi ukuze babone ukuba umngcipheko wakho uphezulu kangakanani.
• Ukuba awuziva kakuhle:Ukuba uneempawu ezithile, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba yintoni ebangela ezo mpawu. Umzekelo, ukuba uneempawu ezibonisa ukuba ukhulelwe, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi lokukhulelwa. Olu vavanyo luvavanya ihomoni ethile eveliswa ngumzimba wakho kuphela xa ukhulelwe.
• Ukuba unemeko ebangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo zakho: Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, iiseli zakho zegazi kunye neeplatelets zinokukwazi ukubona utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo. Ngale ndlela, ukwazi ukuba zeziphi izakhi zofuzo eziguquliweyo kunokunceda ugqirha wakho acebe unyango olungcono kuwe.
• Ukuba unyangelwa isifo: Ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo ukuze abone ukuba unyango lwakho lusebenza kakuhle kangakanani na kwaye lusebenza kakuhle na.
• Ukuba usemngciphekweni wokufumana isifo ngenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuzuzwe njengelifa: Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha wakho uza kuthatha isampuli yegazi ukuze kuhlolwe izakhi zofuzo ukuze ancede abone ukuba usemngciphekweni wokufumana isifo esithile.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa ntoni ngokwenene?

Ngamafutshane, uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa utshintsho emzimbeni wakho. Kodwa alungomfanekiso upheleleyo, luyifoto nje. Emva kokubona loo foto, ugqirha wakho angenza uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi ukuze ajonge nzulu. Nazi ezinye zezinto ugqirha wakho anokuzibona kuvavanyo lwegazi:

• Indlela igazi lakho elisebenza kakuhle ngayo: Umzekelo, iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zizo ezithwala ioksijini emzimbeni wakho wonke. Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokubonisa ukuba inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi liphantsi, oko kuthetha ukuba une-anemia. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ujonga iiseli zakho phantsi kwe-microscope, unokubona ukuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zikhulu kuneziqhelekileyo okanye zinesimo esahlukileyo kuneeseli ezibomvu zegazi eziqhelekileyo. Olu tshintsho lunokuba ziimpawu zeengxaki ezithile zegazi okanye umhlaza wegazi.
• Jonga amanqanaba akho ee-enzymes kunye nee-electrolytes: Ii-enzymes ziiproteni ezikhawulezisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali emzimbeni, zinceda ekwakheni nasekudilizeni izinto. Ii-electrolytes zizinto ezinceda ekulawuleni ukusabela kweekhemikhali emzimbeni kunye nokugcina ulungelelwano lolwelo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweeseli.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo zegazi ezixhaphakileyo?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zovavanyo lwegazi. Ezinye iimvavanyo - umzekelo, ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (CBC), iphaneli ye-metabolic esisiseko (BMP), iphaneli ye-metabolic ebanzi (CMP), kunye neephaneli ze-electrolyte - jonga iindawo ezahlukeneyo zegazi lakho ngaxeshanye. Kukho ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi ezijonga kuphela izinto ezithile kakhulu egazini lakho.

Yintoni ejongwa luvavanyo lwe-Complete Blood Count (CBC)?

Olu luvavanyo lwegazi oluhlala lwenziwa kwaye luquka iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ezikhethekileyo. Uvavanyo lwe-CBC:

• Iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets ziyabalwa kwaye zilinganiswe . Uvavanyo lwe-CBC lubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-hematocrit, olulinganisa ipesenti yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini lakho.
• Inqanaba le-hemoglobin yakho liyalinganiswa .
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-RDW lulinganisa utshintsho kubungakanani kunye nomthamo weeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi (i-RDW imele "ububanzi bokusasazwa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi").
• Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo beeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi bulinganiswa ngovavanyo lweMean Corpuscular Volume (MCV).

Yintoni eboniswa yiBasic Metabolic Panel (BMP)?

I-BMP ilinganisa izinto ezininzi egazini lakho. Oogqirha basebenzisa ii-BMP ukujonga impilo yakho iyonke kunye nokufumanisa naziphi na iingxaki zempilo kwangethuba, okanye ukujonga ingxaki ekhoyo. I-BMP ingabandakanya izinto ezifana nezi:

• Uvavanyo lweglucose egazini: Jonga isifo seswekile.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi leCalcium: Lujonga ukuba unayo na icalcium eyaneleyo, nto leyo enceda umzimba wakho wenze izinto ezininzi.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Urea Nitrogen (BUN) egazini: I-Urea yimveliso engcolileyo ehluzwa zizintso zakho. Oku kulinganisa ubungakanani be-urea nitrogen kwizintso zakho.
• Uvavanyo lweCreatine Kinase (CK): Olu vavanyo luvavanya imveliso engcolileyo eveliswa zizihlunu zakho. Ukuba inqanaba le-CK yakho liphezulu, inokuba luphawu lokuba izihlunu zakho zonakele.
• Inqanaba lesodiyam.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-CO2: Lulinganisa ubungakanani be-bicarbonate egazini lakho. Oku kufumanisa i-carbon dioxide.
• Uvavanyo lwe-potassium egazini: Lulinganisa amanqanaba e-potassium. I-potassium inceda intliziyo yakho, imithambo-luvo, ukusebenza kwemisipha, kunye ne-metabolism.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-chloride: I-chloride yi-electrolyte enceda ukugcina ulwelo kunye ne-asidi ibhalansi emzimbeni wakho.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lweGlobulin: Lulinganisa ukuba ingakanani na le protein eveliswa sisibindi sakho.

Yintoni efunwa yiComprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)?

I-CMP ibandakanya zonke iimvavanyo zegazi kwi-BMP. Ukongeza, kukho ezi vavanyo zegazi:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-Albumin: I-Albumin yiproteni ekwi-plasma yegazi lakho. Le isetyenziselwa ukujonga ukusebenza kwezintso nesibindi.
• I-Alanine Transaminase (ALT): Oogqirha basebenzisa olu vavanyo ukuvavanya impilo yesibindi.
• I-Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP): Ukuba inqanaba lale enzyme liphezulu, inokuba luphawu lwesifo sesibindi okanye ezinye izifo zamathambo.
• Amanqanaba e-Ammonia: Uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa ubungakanani be-ammonia egazini lakho. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-ammonia anokuba luphawu lomonakalo wesibindi kunye nezintso.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lweBilirubin: IBilirubin yinto efumaneka kwinyongo evela esibindini sakho. Ukuba kukho inyongo eninzi egazini, oko kungaba luphawu lwengxaki yesibindi.
• I-Aspartate Transferase (AST): Ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-AST, oku kulinganisa ubungakanani be-enzyme i-aspartate transferase egazini lakho. Oogqirha basebenzisa olu vavanyo ukuvavanya impilo yesibindi.

Ibonisa ntoni iphaneli ye-electrolyte?

Ii-electrolytes ziiminerali ezisegazini lakho. Ukuba kukho ukungalingani kwezi zinto, kunokuba luphawu lwengxaki entliziyweni yakho, kwizintso, okanye kwimiphunga. Iphaneli ye-electrolyte ibandakanya zonke iimvavanyo ze-electrolyte kwi-BMP kunye ne-CMP. Ikwajonga izinto ezifana ne-magnesium kunye ne-anion gap. I-magnesium inceda ingqondo yakho, intliziyo kunye nemisipha. Uvavanyo lwe-anion gap lujonga ibhalansi ye-acid-base egazini lakho.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo zegazi ezinceda ekuchongeni iimeko ezithile zonyango?

Nangona uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo lwephaneli olukhankanyiweyo ngaphambili lunika ulwazi oluninzi, kukwakho novavanyo lwegazi olujoliswe kwizifo ezithile ezinceda oogqirha ukuba baxilonge baze banyange iimeko ezithile.

• Ii-Allergy: Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-allergy lujonga amanqanaba aphezulu e-immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies egazini lakho. Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa ii-allergy zokutya, izilwanyana zasekhaya, ipollen, okanye ezinye izinto.
• Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni: Ezi zifo zenzeka xa inkqubo yakho yomzimba ihlasela umzimba wakho ngempazamo endaweni yokukukhusela kwiintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, kunye neeseli zomhlaza. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi olufana nolu:
• Uvavanyo lwe-Antinuclear Antibody (ANA): I-ANA yi-antibody ehlasela ngempazamo inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-ANA egazini anokuba luphawu lwezifo ezithile zokuzikhusela komzimba.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-CE luhambelana: Oku kusetyenziselwa ukuxilonga nokujonga izifo ezihlasela umzimba ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis okanye i-lupus.
• Uvavanyo lwe-C-reactive protein (CRP): Le protein yenziwa kwaye ikhutshwe sisibindi sakho. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-CRP anokuba luphawu lweemeko zokudumba, kuquka nezinye izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba.
• Isantya se-Erythrocyte Sedimentation (ESR): Uvavanyo lwe-ESR lunceda ekufumaneni ukudumba.
• I-Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS): Le yinkqubo esetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuhlola iiseli zakho zegazi ezibomvu nezimhlophe kunye neeplatelets phantsi kwe-microscope.
• Izifo zegazi ezingezizo ezomhlaza/ezingenazo umhlaza:
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lomhlaza: Uvavanyo lwegazi lomhlaza lunokwahlulwa lube ziintlobo ezine ezisisiseko - ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (i-CBC), iimpawu zethumba, uvavanyo lweprotheyini yegazi, kunye novavanyo lwethumba elijikelezayo. I-CBC, iimpawu zethumba, kunye novavanyo lwethumba elijikelezayo lunokunceda ekufumaneni ezinye iithumba eziqinileyo. Igazi elisendle okanye emchameni wakho linokuba luphawu lomhlaza.
• I-CBC ilinganisa amanqanaba eeseli zegazi ezibomvu nezimhlophe kunye neeplatelets. Ukuba ezi ziphezulu okanye ziphantsi ngendlela engaqhelekanga, inokuba luphawu lweentlobo ezithile zomhlaza.
• Iimpawu zesifo sephepha zizinto ezenziwe ziiseli zomhlaza okanye iiseli eziqhelekileyo emzimbeni wakho ngenxa yomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwegazi lweempawu zesifo sephepha luquka:
• I-Alpha-fetoprotein (`(Alpha-fetoprotein - AFP)`) yomhlaza wesibindi.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-CA-125 lomhlaza wesibeleko.
• ICalcitonin (`(Calcitonin)`) yomhlaza we-thyroid (`(Umhlaza we-thyroid)`).
• Ii-Antigens zomhlaza 15-3 kunye no-27-29 zomhlaza webele.
• I-Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza.
• I-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) yomhlaza wamasende kunye nomhlaza wesibeleko.
• I-Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) yomhlaza weprostate.
• Uvavanyo lwe-circulating tumor luvavanyo olutsha lwegazi lomhlaza. Lukhangela iiseli zomhlaza eziphuke kwi-tumor kwaye zijikeleza egazini. Okwangoku lunceda ekufumaneni ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, ezifana nomhlaza webele, we-prostate, kunye nomhlaza we-colorectal. Izazinzulu zisaphuhlisa obu buchwephesha.
• Kwimihlaza yegazi okanye izifo zegazi ezingezizo ezomhlaza: Oogqirha banokusebenzisa uvavanyo olufanayo ukufumanisa ezi zifo:
• Uvavanyo lwe-D-dimer: Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukuxilonga iingxaki zokujiya kwegazi.
• Uvavanyo lweFibrinogen: IFibrinogen yiproteni enceda ukujiya kwegazi.
• Ikhonkco lokukhanya elikhululekileyo leKappa okanye iLambda: Oku kufumanisa amanqanaba aphezulu eproteni kwiplasma yegazi. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuxilonga izifo zegazi ezingezizo ezomhlaza ezifana ne-amyloidosis okanye umhlaza wegazi njenge-multiple myeloma.
• Uvavanyo lwexesha leProthrombin (PTT): Olu vavanyo lunokusetyenziswa ukuxilonga iingxaki zokujiya kwegazi.
• Inani lee-reticulocyte: Oku kujonga ukuba umongo wakho wethambo uvelisa iiseli zegazi ezibomvu ezisempilweni ngokwaneleyo.
• Ezinye iimvavanyo ezingadingi sampuli yegazi:
• Uvavanyo lweGazi leMfihlo yeNtlalo (i-FOBT): I-FOBT ihlola umhlaza wamathumbu ngokujonga igazi esitulweni.
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo: Oogqirha banokusebenzisa oku ukujonga iiseli zegazi kumchamo.
• Iingxaki zenkqubo ye-endocrine: Inkqubo yakho ye-endocrine yenziwe ngamadlala. Amadlala avelisa iihomoni. Oogqirha basebenzisa uvavanyo lwegazi ukufumanisa izifo ezichaphazela iindawo ezithile zenkqubo ye-endocrine. Uvavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo zezi:
• Uvavanyo lweglucose egazini: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa inqanaba leglucose egazini lakho. Lusetyenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo seswekile. Olunye uvavanyo lwegazi lweswekile yi-A1C, elinganisa amanqanaba eglucose egazini ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Uvavanyo lweHormone evuselela iThyroid (TSH): Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi zegazi ukuze kufunyaniswe isifo se-thyroid.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwePancreas: I-pancreas yakho ivelisa ii-enzymes. Olu vavanyo lujonga amanqanaba e-lipase kunye ne-amylase yakho.
• Isifo sentliziyo: Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokuvavanya umngcipheko wakho wokuba nesifo sentliziyo:
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwentliziyo: Ugqirha wakho uza kuyalela olu vavanyo ukuba usengozini yokuba nesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo sentliziyo.
• Uvavanyo lweArterial Blood Gas (ABG): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa izinto ezifana namanqanaba eoksijini kunye namanqanaba ekhabhoni diokside. Lungenziwa ukuze kufunyaniswe ukusilela kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuma kwentliziyo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi oluthile:
• Inqanaba le-ammonia: Libonisa ubungakanani be-ammonia egazini. Amanqanaba aphezulu anokubangela umonakalo kwisibindi/kwizintso.
• Ubungakanani botywala egazini (BAC): Bulinganisa ubungakanani botywala emzimbeni.
• I-Ferritin (`(Ferritin)`): Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwe-CBC lubonisa ukuba awunayo i-iron eyaneleyo, uvavanyo lwe-ferritin lunokwenziwa.

Ndifanele ndifumane nini uvavanyo lwegazi?

Kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Oogqirha abaninzi bacebisa ukuvavanywa minyaka le, okunokubandakanya i-CBC. Ngokwesiqhelo, oogqirha bacebisa uvavanyo olusekelwe kwinto abakwaziyo ngawe. Umzekelo, ukuba utyebile kakhulu (i-body mass index - BMI) ngaphezulu kwama-25) okanye utyebile kakhulu (i-BMI ngaphezulu kwama-30), banokucebisa uvavanyo lwe-glucose rhoqo egazini.

Ulungiselela njani uvavanyo lwegazi?

Oku kuya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lovavanyo olulwenzayo. Umzekelo, ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi zifuna ukuba uzile ukutya iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kovavanyo. Usenokucelwa ukuba ungaseli nto ngaphandle kokusela amanzi ambalwa. Uninzi lovavanyo lwegazi alufuni ukuba uzile ukutya, kodwa kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho into ongafanele uyenze ngaphambi kovavanyo. Ezinye izinto onokuzenza ziquka:

• Ukuba awufuni ukuzila ukutya ngaphambi kovavanyo lwegazi, kodwa unako, sela amanzi amaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngaphambi kovavanyo . Kulula ukutsala igazi xa umanzi ngokwaneleyo emzimbeni.
• Faka i-moisturizer ezandleni zakho ukuze ulusu lube bushelelezi . Oku kunokwenza kube lula ukufaka inaliti nokutsala igazi.
• Ngelixa ulinde uvavanyo lwegazi lakho , yenza umthambo ukuze unyuse uxinzelelo lwegazi lakho kancinci .

Kwenzeka ntoni xa uthatha uvavanyo lwegazi?

Uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwa ngabasebenzi bezempilo (iingcali ze-phlebotomist) abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukutsala igazi. Nantsi into eyenzekayo xa kutsalwa igazi:

• Uza kuhlala esitulweni, unendawo yokubeka iingalo ukuze ukwazi ukugcina iingalo zakho zoluliwe.
• Ukuba unxibe ihempe enemikhono emide, kuya kufuneka ugobe ingalo yakho ngaphezu kwengqiniba.
• Umntu othatha igazi uza kusebenzisa isisombululo sokubulala iintsholongwane kwindawo egobileyo yengalo yakho (ecaleni elichasene nengqiniba) aze abophe ibhanti yelastiki ejikeleze ingalo yakho (ngaphezulu kwengqiniba).
• Ungabacela ukuba baphulule izandla zakho ukuze kuphuculwe ukujikeleza kwegazi.
• Uza kufaka inaliti engalweni yakho. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Uza kuyiva inaliti ingena eluswini lwakho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-venipuncture.
• Igazi lingena kwityhubhu, evalwayo ize ithunyelwe kwilebhu ukuze ihlolwe. Ngokuxhomekeke kuvavanyo lwegazi oluyalelwe ngugqirha wakho, umntu okhupha igazi lakho unokufuna ukuthatha iisampulu ezininzi zegazi lakho.
• Emva kokuthatha igazi elaneleyo, uza kususa i-elastic band ebotshelelwe engalweni yakho nakwinaliti.
• Emva koko, kufakwa ibhandishi phezu kwendawo apho inaliti ifakwe khona.

Ngaba kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi?

Lonke uvavanyo lwegazi lubandakanya ukuthatha isampuli yegazi. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kukubhoboza igazi. Ezinye iindlela ziquka:

• Intonga yomnwe: Ugqirha uhlaba umnwe wakho ngenaliti aze athathe igazi elincinci. Isampuli yegazi ifakwa kumgca wephepha okhethekileyo ize ithunyelwe kwilebhu ukuze ivavanywe.
• Ukuhlatywa kwesithende: Wonke umntwana ozelwe eMelika uvavanywa igazi ngokuhlaba isithende ngenaliti aze athathe isampuli yegazi.
• Uvavanyo lwegesi yegazi elisemithanjeni: Kolu vavanyo, oogqirha bathabatha igazi elivela kumthambo wakho, hayi kumthambo.

Lingakanani igazi elithathwayo xa kusenziwa uvavanyo lwegazi?

Iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lovavanyo lwegazi. Ngokwesiqhelo, uvavanyo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC) luthatha malunga ne-30 milliliters (30 mL) yegazi. Nangona oku kunokubonakala ngathi kuninzi xa unemibhobho embalwa yegazi, akunjalo ngokwenene. Umntu omdala unegazi eliphakathi kwe-4,500 kunye ne-5,700 mL emzimbeni wakhe. Ngoko ke inani elincinci aliyi kuba yingozi.

Ngaba uvavanyo lwegazi lubuhlungu?

Ngamanye amaxesha inokuba buhlungu, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lovavanyo lwegazi olwenzileyo. Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba iidrowa zegazi ziqeqeshwe ukuthatha iisampuli zegazi ngokukhawuleza nangokungenabuhlungu.

Oko kuthethiweyo, iimvavanyo ezitsala igazi kumthambo zinokuba buhlungu ngakumbi kunezo zitsala igazi kumthambo. Nokuba xa kutsalwa igazi kumthambo, kunokuba buhlungu kancinci ukuba umntu otsala igazi unobunzima bokufaka inaliti emthanjeni. Ukuba uziva ungakhululekanga, xelela umntu otsala igazi . Baza kuzama ezinye iindlela zokuthatha isampuli yegazi lakho.

Ndisoloko ndisoyika uvavanyo lwegazi. Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndizive ndikhululekile ngakumbi?

Abantu abaninzi bayoyika kwaye baxhalabile malunga novavanyo lwegazi. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Nazi ezinye izinto ezinokunceda ngamaxesha anje:

• Qonda ukuba kutheni uvavanywa igazi. Ukwazi isizathu kuya kukwenza ungoyiki kangako.
• Phefumla nzulu xa ufaka inaliti esandleni sakho, uze uyikhuphe.
• Musa ukujonga inaliti esandleni sakho, jonga kwelinye icala.
• Zama ukujolisa ingqondo yakho kwenye into , umzekelo, ubale uye kwi-10 engqondweni yakho.

Khumbula, awuwedwa ojongene nolu loyiko. Xelela ugqirha wakho okanye umntu othatha igazi lakho malunga noloyiko lwakho. Baza kukunceda.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo lwegazi?

Ugqirha wakho uza kubeka ibhandishi phezu kwendawo yokufaka inaliti. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lovavanyo lwegazi, ungacelwa ukuba uphumle malunga nomzuzu ngaphambi kokuba uvuke uhambe.

Ndiza kuzazi nini iziphumo zovavanyo?

Kukwaxhomekeke kuvavanyo lwegazi kunye nokukhetha kukagqirha wakho. Ugqirha wakho uza kuchaza indlela eziza kwamkelwa ngayo iziphumo. Ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi zikunika iziphumo kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Ezinye, njengovavanyo lwemfuza, zihlala zithatha ixesha elide. Abanye ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zempilo banikezela ngokufikelela kwi-intanethi kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwakho. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokukhetha ukuxoxa nawe ngeziphumo zakho ngefowuni okanye ubuso ngobuso.

Ukuba ugqirha uthi ufuna ukuthetha ngeziphumo, ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba kukho into engalunganga?

Ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo.Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwenziwe njengenxalenye yovavanyo lwezonyango oluqhelekileyo, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukuxoxa nawe ngeziphumo. Banokwenza neengcebiso zokukunceda uphucule impilo yakho. Ukuba unyangwa ngenxa yesifo esithile, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukuxoxa ngeziphumo zovavanyo lwakho ngokweenkcukacha aze achaze ukuba zithetha ukuthini.

Okokugqibela, kufuneka ndithi... (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Uvavanyo lwegazi mhlawumbi yinto yokugqibela kuluhlu lwabantu abaninzi lwezinto ezinomdla. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lwegazi sisixhobo esibalulekileyo esisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukujonga impilo yakho iyonke kunye nokuxilonga iimeko zempilo. Ungadinga uvavanyo lwegazi njengenxalenye yovavanyo lwezonyango oluqhelekileyo okanye kuba uneempawu.

Nokuba siyintoni na isizathu sokuba uvavanyo lwegazi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba nangona uvavanyo lwegazi lunokunceda oogqirha ukuba bafumanise izifo, alulo uxilongo oluthe ngqo. Iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi ezingaqhelekanga azithethi ukuba unesifo esinzulu. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucebisa uvavanyo lwegazi, uya kukuvuyela ukukuchazela isizathu sokuba uvavanyo lucetyiswe kwaye lunokubonisa ntoni. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki ukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi xa ulufuna. Luluncedo olukhulu kwimpilo yakho!

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