Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba imizimba yethu ithumelana njani imiyalezo emincinci yokulwa nezifo nokuncedana? Kukho amalungu emizimba yethu asebenza njengezithunywa ezincinci ezifihlakeleyo.
IiCytokines liqela leekhemikhali ezenza umsebenzi okhethekileyo. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngezi zithunywa zincinci kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu.
Zithini kanye kanye ii-cytokines?
Ngamafutshane, ii-cytokine luhlobo lweproteni. Zifana nezithunywa zeekhemikhali ezidlulisela ulwazi kwinkqubo yethu
yokuzikhusela komzimba . Cinga ngenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba njengomkhosi okhusela ilizwe. Lo mkhosi
unamasebe ahlukeneyo, amajoni. Ngubani ke othumela la majoni (oko kukuthi, iiseli zokuzikhusela komzimba) imiyalezo efana nokuthi, "Nanku utshaba oluzayo!" "Hamba apha ulwe!" "Zikhusele ngolu hlobo!"? Yiloo nto eyenziwa zezi
cytokine . Xa
iintsholongwane ezifana neentsholongwane, iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, okanye ii-allergens zingena emizimbeni yethu, ezi cytokine zixelela iiseli zethu zokuzikhusela komzimba ukuba "ziqale ukusebenza, zilwe naba bahlaseli." Akunjalo kuphela, kodwa ezi cytokine zinceda ukugcina inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba isebenza kakuhle kwaye ihambelana, nokuba akukho bungozi emizimbeni yethu. Njengokuba imiyalezo itshintshiselwana ukugcina iofisi yethu isebenza kakuhle.
Ziziphi iintlobo zee-cytokines ezikhoyo?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zamalungu olu sapho lwezithunywa ezibizwa ngokuba zii-cytokines. Zonke zixelela iiseli zomzimba apho maziye khona kwaye zenze ntoni. Kodwa kukho iintlobo ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kwimisebenzi yazo ethile. Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa zeentlobo eziphambili.
- IiChemokines: Ezi "zii-guides." Zifana neGPS. Zizo ezikhokela iiseli zomzimba kwindawo yosulelo, zisithi, "Yizani apha."
- Ii-Interferons: Igama lazo lithetha "ukuphazamisa." Kuthetha ukuthini ukuphazamisa? Zisebenza ngokuthintela iintsholongwane ukuba zingangeni kwiiseli zethu kwaye zenze iintsholongwane ezininzi ('ukuziphindaphinda'). Kufana nokubeka uphawu lweentsholongwane oluthi, "Akusekho kuhamba apha!"
- Ii-Interleukins: Eli gama livela kumagama athi "inter" (phakathi) kunye ne "leukocyte" (iseli emhlophe yegazi). Ngaphambili kwakucingwa ukuba ezi khemikhali zinxibelelana kuphela phakathi kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku kufunyaniswe ukuba ziveliswa zezinye iiseli kwaye zikwanxibelelana phakathi kweeseli zegazi ezingezizo ezimhlophe.
- I-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF): Oku kuvakala ngathi ligama elibi, akunjalo? Umsebenzi walo ophambili kukwenzaIlawula ukudumba , oko kuthetha ukudumba nokuba bomvu. Ikwanika imiqondiso kwiiseli zomzimba ukuba zitshabalalise iiseli zethumba .
- Izinto Ezivuselela Ikholoni (CSF): Ezi zifana "nabaphathi befektri yeeseli" emzimbeni wethu. Kuba, kukho uhlobo olukhethekileyo lweeseli ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ze-blood stem (HSC) . Ezi seli zinokwenza zonke iintlobo zeeseli zegazi ezifana neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kunye neeplatelets. Le "nkqubo yokuvelisa" ( iHematopoiesis ) incediswa yile "CSF", oko kukuthi, ixelela iiseli ze-stem ukuba "zenze olu hlobo lweseli". Umzekelo, " i-G-CSF " inceda ekwenzeni uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi "Neutrophil" . Ezi neutrophils zibaluleke kakhulu ekulweni nosulelo.
Ezinye ii-cytokine zibizwa ngohlobo lweseli ezizivelisayo.
- IiLymphokines: Kuba ziveliswa luhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi ebizwa ngokuba ziilymphocytes.
- IiMonokine: Kuba ziveliswa luhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi ebizwa ngokuba ziimonocytes.
Luluphi uncedo olunikezelwa zii-cytokines emizimbeni yethu?
Xa sithetha ngee-cytokines, uninzi lwabantu lucinga
ngokudumba . Xa sicinga ngokudumba, sicinga ngokudumba okucaphukisayo kunye nokubomvu okwenzeka ngexesha lokugula okanye i-allergies. Kodwa ukudumba ngokwenene luphawu lokuba iiseli zomzimba wethu zilwa nabahlaseli okanye ziphilisa izicubu ezonakeleyo.
Khawuthelekelele xa usika umnwe wakho, indawo iyadumba ibe bomvu, akunjalo? Kukudumba oko. Oko kuthetha ukuba ii-cytokine zithunyelwa apho, zisithi, "Kukho ingxaki apha, yiza uzokujonga, uphilise inxeba," kwaye iiseli ezifanelekileyo ziyaziswa zize ziqale ukusebenza.
Ngoko ke, ii-cytokines zifana nezithunywa zeekhemikhali ezixelela iiseli "indlela yokuziphatha." Ngokuyintloko zibonisa izinto ezifana nezi:
- Ukusebenza kweseli: Kuxelela iiseli apho kufuneka ziye khona kwaye zenze ntoni. Umzekelo, ikhokela iiseli zomzimba kwindawo yosulelo ukuze zilwe neentsholongwane apho. Ikwabonisa ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa iinkqubo ezinxulumene nokudumba.
- Ukwahluka kweeseli:Oku kufana nesikolo soqeqesho. Bathatha iiseli ezingavuthwanga baze baziqeqeshe ukuba zibe "lolu hlobo lweseli ofuna ukuba yilo xa ukhula." Umzekelo, bathatha iseli eselula baze bayiguqule ibe yiseli emhlophe yegazi enokulwa nosulelo.
- Ukwanda kweeseli: Oku kuthetha "ukwenza abantu abaninzi bakuthande." Kufana nokwenza ikopi. Umzekelo, xa udinga iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezininzi ukulwa nosulelo, unika iiseli zakho ezimhlophe zegazi ezikhoyo "ukwenza abantu abaninzi bakuthande."
Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ii-cytokines zikwanika imiqondiso kwiiseli zomzimba wethu ukuba "zenze ii-cytokines ezingaphezulu." Emva koko impendulo yokudumba iyanda nangakumbi.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwee-cytokines ezikhuthaza ukudumba kunye nee-anti-inflammatory cytokines?
Xa inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba isebenza kakuhle, ii-cytokines zibangela ukudumba xa kufuneka ukulwa nabahlaseli kunye nokuphilisa izicubu. Emva koko, zithi, "Kulungile, kwanele, kuphelile," kwaye ziyanciphisa kwaye ziyeke ukudumba. Kufana
ne-accelerator (i-gas pedal) kunye ne-brake yemoto.
- Ii-cytokines ezikhuthaza ukudumba: Ezi "ziipedali zegesi." La ngamadoda abonisa ukuba ukudumba kuqala kwaye kuyanda. Xa utshaba lungena emizimbeni yethu, athi, "Wonke umntu, lungiselelani idabi!"
- Ii-cytokines ezilwa nokuvuvukala: Ezi "ziibhuleki". Ezi zezona zibonisa ukuba kufuneka kumiswe kwaye kuncitshiswe ukudumba . Kuba, ukuba ukudumba kuyanda kakhulu, kunokonakalisa nezicubu ezilungileyo emzimbeni wethu. Ezi zezona zithintela oko.
Ukuchaneka, ukuyeka ukudumba kubaluleke kakhulu njengokukuqala. Ukudumba kakhulu kunokukhokelela kwiimpawu ezingathandekiyo, izifo ezihlala ixesha elide, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba akunyangwa, kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
Zisebenza njani ezi cytokines?
Oku kwenzeka ngendlela elula kakhulu. Cinga nge-cytokine
njengesitshixo , kwaye kukho
i-'receptor' kwiseli ehambelana neso sitshixo. Xa i-cytokine (isitshixo) ingena kwaye ingena kuloo 'receptor' kuloo seli, loo seli ifumana umyalezo othi "Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe?". Emva koko loo seli isebenza ngokwelo myalezo. Makhe sijonge umzekelo. Ukuba enye yeeseli zethu zomzimba ibona into enobungozi, njengentsholongwane, ngaphakathi emzimbeni, loo seli ikhupha i-cytokine. Le cytokine ihamba ngegazi okanye ngezicubu kwaye ifumane iseli ene-'receptor' efanayo nayo. Xa i-cytokine ibopha kuloo 'receptor', iseli efumana loo myalezo ifumana umyalelo. Mhlawumbi loo seli iya kuya apho ikhoyo intsholongwane ize iqale ukuyihlasela. Okanye, iya kuqinisa ukhuselo lwayo ukuthintela intsholongwane ukuba ingangeni. Ii-Cytokines zinokuthumela imiyalezo kwiseli eyikhululileyo, kwiiseli ezikufutshane, okanye nakwiiseli ezikude.
- Ukuthumela imiyalezo kwiseli yayo (`Autocrine signaling`):I-cytokine ibopha kwi-receptor kwiseli eyikhupheleyo.
- I-Paracrine signaling: ibopha kwii-receptors kwiiseli ezikufutshane.
- Umqondiso we-endocrine: Ii-cytokines zibopha kwii-receptors ezikwiiseli ezikude neseli ezizikhupheleyo.
Kukho iiseli emizimbeni yethu yonke ezinee-cytokine `receptors. Enyanisweni, amalungu amaninzi emizimbeni yethu aqulethe iiseli ezinee-`receptors.' Yingakho ukudumba kunokwenzeka naphi na.
Zivela phi ii-cytokine? Ngubani ozenzayo?
Ii-cytokines ezixhaphakileyo emzimbeni wethu ziveliswa
ziiseli zomzimba ezikhusela umzimba , eziziiseli zegazi ezimhlophe (ii-leukocytes). Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- IiMacrophage
- Iiseli ze-Dendritic
- Iilymphocytes (ii-lymphocytes ze-T kunye ne-B)
- Iimonocytes
- Ii-neutrophils
- IiBasophils
- Ii-Eosinophils
- Iiseli zeMast
Kodwa ayizizo kuphela iiseli zomzimba ezikhusela umzimba, kodwa nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zeeseli emzimbeni wethu zinokuvelisa ii-cytokines. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:
- Iiseli ze-Endothelial: Iiseli ezijikeleze imithambo yegazi yethu.
- Iiseli ze-Epithelial: Iiseli ezijikeleze amalungu ethu omzimba.
- IiFibroblasts: Iiseli ezifumaneka kwizicubu ezidityanisiweyo.
- Iiseli zeStromal: Olunye uhlobo lweseli olufumaneka kwizicubu ezidityanisiweyo.
- Iiseli zeSchwann: Iiseli ezijikeleze iiseli zemithambo-luvo (ii-neurons).
Uhlobo olufanayo lwe-cytokine lunokuveliswa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli.
Ziziphi izifo ezinokunxulunyaniswa nee-cytokines?
IiCytokines zibalulekile kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba, kwaye zidibene nezifo ezininzi esinokuzivelisa. Ngokwesiqhelo, iiCytokines zisinceda singasuleleki kwiintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba inokuvelisa iiCytokines ezininzi kakhulu. Oku kunokuba kukusabela kwintsholongwane okanye njengenxalenye yonyango olufana ne
-immunotherapy . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi
-cytokine release syndrome (CRS) okanye
i-cytokine storm . Oku kunokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela uninzi lweenkqubo zomzimba wethu. Ukuba ayinyangwa, le meko inokuba yingozi ebomini. Xa kukho iiCytokines ezininzi kakhulu, impendulo yokuvuvukala iyanda. Oku kuvutha okugqithisileyo kunokonakalisa izicubu, okukhokelela kwizifo ezifana:
- Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo: Oku kulapho iiseli zethu zomzimba ezizikhuselayo zihlasela ngempazamo iiseli zethu eziphilileyo.
- Iingxaki zeMetabolic:Iingxaki ezinxulumene nemetabolism, inkqubo apho imizimba yethu iguqula ukutya kube ngamandla kwaye isuse inkunkuma.
- Umhlaza
- I-Sepsis: Kulapho impendulo yomzimba yokudumba iba nzima kangangokuba ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kumalungu abalulekileyo kuncipha. I-Sepsis yingxamiseko yezonyango enokubangela ukufa.
Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ukuba umzimba wakho unyuke amanqanaba e-cytokine kwaye inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba isebenza kakhulu, ugqirha wakho unokukunika unyango lokunciphisa oko kurhawuzelela.
Yintoni iphaneli ye-cytokine?
Oogqirha banokufumanisa ukuba umzimba wakho uvelisa ii-cytokines ezininzi kakhulu okanye ezimbalwa kakhulu. Bakwenza oku ngento ebizwa ngokuba
yi-cytokine panel . Olu luvavanyo lwegazi olulula. Bathatha isampuli yegazi lakho baze bajonge amanqanaba ee-cytokines ezinxulumene nokuvuvukala. Ukuba amanqanaba e-cytokine aphezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho ukwanda kokuvuvukala. Emva koko, amayeza afunekayo angaqaliswa.
Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kweli bali zezi:
Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi ngoku uyaqonda ukuba ii-cytokines zibaluleke kangakanani kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela esempilweni. Njengayo nayiphi na into,
ukuthomalalisa kubalulekile.
Xa i-cytokine signaling ikwizinga elifanelekileyo nangendlela efanelekileyo, inokusikhusela kwizifo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amanqanaba e-cytokine aphezulu kakhulu, ukudumba okugqithisileyo okubangelwa yiyo kunokuba yingozi ukuba akunyangwa.
Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela olu nxibelelwano lumangalisayo oluqhubekayo emizimbeni yethu. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo malunga noku, ungaze unqikaze ukuthetha nogqirha.
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