Ngaba ukhe weva ngeBlood-Brain Barrier, umkhuseli omkhulu wobuchopho bakho?

Ingqondo lelona lungu lixabisekileyo nelintsonkothileyo emzimbeni wethu, akunjalo? Ngoko ke ukugcina le ngqondo isempilweni kubaluleke kakhulu. Njengokuba indlu yethu inodonga kunye nesango lokuyikhusela, ingqondo yethu ikwanayo nenkqubo yokhuseleko ekhethekileyo. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba ngumqobo wegazi-ubuchopho okanye ``Umqobo wegazi-ubuchopho'', ``(BBB)'' ngamafutshane. Namhlanje, masithethe ngalo mkhuseli umangalisayo ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe .

Yintoni umqobo wegazi-ubuchopho?

Ngamafutshane, umqobo wakho wegazi-ubuchopho (i-BBB) ​​lulwaleko olukhuselayo lweeseli ezijikeleze imithambo yegazi engqondweni yakho. Yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokusebenza kwengqondo yethu kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

Nangona igama lisithi "umqobo," alilodonga nje kuphela. Lifana nesihluzo, njengomlindi engqondweni . Umsebenzi walo ophambili kukugcina izinto eziyingozi zingangeni kwaye zigcinwe kwezilungileyo. Likwalawula indlela iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo (esizenzayo nezo sizithathayo ngaphandle) ezingena kwaye ziphuma ngayo engqondweni. Ayimangalisi loo nto?

Kwenzeka ntoni kumqobo wegazi-ubuchopho (BBB)?

Ngaphakathi kwimithambo yethu yegazi, kukho umaleko okhethekileyo weeseli obizwa ngokuba yi-endothelium. Nangona kunjalo, kwimithambo yegazi engaphakathi kwengqondo, le endothelium yahlukile kancinci.

Ezi seli ze-endothelial ezijikeleze imithambo yegazi engqondweni zihlanganiswe ngokuqinileyo kangangokuba akukho nendawo encinci. Yile ndlela umda wegazi-ubuchopho bakho (i-BBB) odalwa ngayo. Ezi seli zihlanganiswe ngokuqinileyo kangangokuba akukho nto inokudlula kuzo ngaphandle koncedo. I-membrane yangaphandle yezi seli yenziwe ngezinto ezisekelwe kwi-lipid. Eli linqaku elibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye makhe sibone isizathu.

Ziziphi izinto ezinokudlula kumqobo wegazi-ubuchopho (BBB)?

Ezinye izinto zincinci kakhulu, oko kukuthi, zinokudlula kule `(BBB)`. Ezinye izinto zinokudlula kuba `(zinyibilika ngama-lipid)` . Oko kukuthi, umaleko onamafutha womqobo wegazi-ubuchopho unokuzithatha ngaphandle kokugxothwa. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukuba amasuntswana amakhulu, okanye amasuntswana anyibilika emanzini, adlule kule `(BBB)` ngokwawo.

Cinga ngayo, amasuntswana amakhulu awakwazi ukungena kwezo seli ze-endothelial ezixineneyo, kuba akukho ndawo yaneleyo. Amasuntswana anyibilikayo emanzini anengxaki yokungena kwi-BBB, kuba iimembrane zeeseli ze-BBB zisekelwe kwi-lipid, kwaye ziyawagxotha amanzi anyibilikayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba amasuntswana amakhulu, anyibilikayo emanzini afana nezondlo afuna ukungena engqondweni, adinga uncedo olukhethekileyo lokuthutha .

Nazi ezinye iintlobo zamayeza kunye nezinto ezinokudlula kwi-BBB (nokuba zodwa okanye ngoncedo):

• Utywala
• Ii-Anesthetics
• Amayeza okudakumba
• Ii-Anxiolytics
• Amayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo
• Amayeza okunyanga ukuxhuzula okanye isifo sokuwa
• I-Caffeine
• I-Acetaminophen kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezininzi ezichasene nokuvuvukala (ii-NSAID)
• Iipilisi zokulala kunye neziyobisi zokuthomalalisa (umz., ii-barbiturates, ii-benzodiazepines)

Olu luhlu luquka kuphela iindidi ezimbalwa zamayeza ezinokuwela i-BBB. Ezinye iindidi ezininzi zamayeza zinokwenza oku. Enyanisweni, uluhlu lwezinto ezinokuwela i-BBB lude kakhulu. Ngokweendlela zangoku, phantse iintlobo zeekhemikhali ezingama-5,000 (kuquka namayeza) zichongiwe ezinokuwela i-BBB. Ezi zichongiwe kusetyenziswa ii-algorithms kunye neenkqubo zekhompyutha ezintsonkothileyo.

Ngoko ke, yintoni engenakudlula kumqobo wegazi-ubuchopho (BBB)?

Ngokwesiqhelo, iintsholongwane , ezinje ngeebhaktheriya okanye iintsholongwane, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezinobuthi, azikwazi ukudlula kwi-BBB. Olu lolona khuselo lukhulu i-BBB enalo.

Ziziphi iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela umqobo wegazi-ubuchopho?

Nangona umqobo wakho wegazi-ubuchopho (i-BBB) ​​ukhuselekile kakhulu, awugqibelelanga ngokupheleleyo. Unokwenziwa buthathaka ziimeko ezifana nokudumba. Ezinye iimeko zonyango zinokunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-BBB. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, izinto eziyingozi okanye iintsholongwane zinokungena engqondweni. (Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokuba luncedo. Umzekelo, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane afana ne-penicillin esetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lobuchopho anokungena ngokulula xa i-BBB ibuthathaka.)

Iimeko ezenza buthathaka ukuthembeka kwe-BBB ziquka zombini iimeko ezibukhali nezingapheliyo.

Iimeko ezinciphisa ngoko nangoko amandla e-`(BBB)`

Ezi ziingxaki zempilo ezivele ngequbuliso okanye ezisandula ukwenzeka. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• Umhlaza wobuchopho
• Usulelo lobuchopho (umz., i-Encephalitis, i-Meningitis)
• Ukulimala entloko, ingakumbi ukuxinwa yingqondo kunye nokwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu (TBI)
• Ukwanda kwamanqanaba e-carbon dioxide egazini (i-Hypercapnia)
• I-Cerebral hypoxia (ukungabikho komoya-mpilo engqondweni ngenxa yamanqanaba aphantsi omoya-mpilo egazini)
• Istroke
• Ukuxhuzula, ingakumbi imeko yokuxhuzula engapheliyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Status Epilepticus"

Iimeko ezinciphisa amandla e-`(BBB)` ngokuhamba kwexesha

Ezi ziimeko ezihlala ixesha elide, ngamanye amaxesha iinyanga, iminyaka, okanye ubomi bonke. Imizekelo:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• I-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
• I-hypercapnia engapheliyo ebangelwa zizifo ezifana ne-COPD (iSifo esingapheliyo seMiphunga)
• Isifo sokuwa
• I-Dementia yeFrontotemporal
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• Iimeko ezinxulumene noko ezifana namanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini (i-Hyperglycemia) kunye nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini
• Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini (i-Hyperlipidemia)
• Isifo sokugubhuka
• I-Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)
• Isifo sikaParkinson

Iingcali zicinga ukuba ezinye izifo ezininzi ezingapheliyo zinokuchaphazela i-BBB, kodwa uphando olongezelelweyo luyadingeka ukuqinisekisa oku.

Ziziphi iimpawu okanye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuphazamiseka komqobo wegazi-ubuchopho (BBB) ​​​​?

Enyanisweni, okwangoku akukho ndlela icacileyo yokuxilonga ngqo ingxaki nge-BBB. Ezinye iimvavanyo zelebhu, ingakumbi ezo zihlola ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal, zinokubonisa ngokungathanga ngqo ingxaki nge-BBB. Nangona kunjalo, amaxesha amaninzi iimeko ezibandakanya ukuqhekeka kwe-BBB zifunyaniswa zinezinye iimpawu ezingadibaniyo nomqobo.

Iingcali ngoku zizama ukubona ukuba zingayenza buthathaka i-BBB okwethutyana zisebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound. Ukuba oko kungenziwa, amanye amasuntswana engqondweni aya kukwazi ukudibana negazi aze afunyanwe lula. Mhlawumbi loo masuntswana anokuba sisitshixo sokufumanisa kwangethuba izinto ezifana nomhlaza wobuchopho, isifo sika-Alzheimer, kunye nesifo sikaParkinson. Kunokunceda amanye amayeza ukuba angene engqondweni ukuze anyange izinto ezifana nomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, olu phando lusekwinqanaba lokuqala. Kufuneka uphando oluninzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba oku kunokwenzeka ngokwenene na.

Ngaba kukho unyango oluqhelekileyo olujolise kumqobo wegazi-ubuchopho (BBB)?

Okwangoku, akukho nyango lujolise ngqo kumqobo wakho wegazi-ingqondo (i-BBB). Endaweni yoko, oogqirha banyanga iimeko zonyango ezingaphantsi ezinokuphazamisa i-BBB. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:

• Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, okanye amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini.
• Unyango lokubuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi engqondweni emva kwesifo sohlangothi esibizwa ngokuba yi-ischemic stroke, esenzeka xa ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwinxalenye yobuchopho kuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuvaleka komthambo wegazi.
• Amayeza okulwa nokuxhuzula.
• Unyango lomhlaza wobuchopho.

Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndigcine impilo yomqobo wam wegazi-ubuchopho (i-BBB) usempilweni?

Enyanisweni, akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokuthe ngqo ukuphazamiseka kwi-`(BBB)`. Endaweni yoko, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuphepha iimeko okanye iimeko ezinokuphazamisa i-`(BBB)`. Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza:

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni. Iimeko ezichaphazela impilo yokujikeleza kwegazi, ingakumbi istroke, zinokuphazamisa umqobo wegazi-ingqondo. Ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo kunye nokulungisa ukutya kwakho ngokweengcebiso zikagqirha wakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela istroke, okanye ubuncinci ukulibazisa okanye ukunciphisa ubunzima baso. Kukwanceda ukukhusela i-BBB yakho.
• Musa ukungazinanzi iintsholongwane.Usulelo kwiindawo ezifana namehlo neendlebe lunokusasazeka luze lubangele ukudumba, luphazamise i-BBB. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, usulelo lunokungena engqondweni luze lubangele iimeko ezinzulu, ezide zibulale.
• Nxiba izixhobo zokhuseleko. Ukulimala entloko kunokuphazamisa i-BBB. Ukunxiba izixhobo zokhuseleko – ingakumbi iintloko kunye neebhanti zesihlalo (okanye ezinye izixhobo zokhuseleko) xa ukhwela izithuthi – kunokunceda ukuthintela ukwenzakala entloko okunokonakalisa i-BBB yakho.
• Lawula iimeko zakho zempilo. Izimo zexesha elide ezifana neSifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kunye nesifo sokuwa zinokubeka emngciphekweni i-BBB kunye nemithambo yegazi ejikeleze sona. Ukulawula ezi meko, nokuba ngamayeza okanye olunye unyango, linyathelo elibalulekileyo onokulithatha ukukhusela umqobo wakho wegazi-ubuchopho.

Oogqirha bayisebenzisa njani into abayaziyo malunga nomqobo wegazi-ubuchopho (BBB)?

``(BBB)`` yakho ibaluleke kakhulu xa unyanga izifo ezininzi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwengqondo. Kuba, ukuba unyango oluninzi - ingakumbi amayeza - lunokudlula kwi``(BBB)``, lunokuchaphazela ngokungathanga ngqo ingqondo yakho.

Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha kufuneka basebenze ngokujikeleze i-BBB. Kungenxa yokuba i-BBB ngamanye amaxesha yenza kanye loo nto ifanele ukuba yenze! Amayeza anokunyanga izifo okanye umhlaza engqondweni asenokungakwazi ukudlula kwi-BBB.

Njengesisombululo, iingcali zisebenzisa amayeza enzelwe ngokukodwa ukudlula i-BBB. Njengendlela ye-"Trojan horse approach," la mayeza "afakwa" kwiiseli zomzimba okanye kwezinye iisuntswana ezinokudlula kwi-BBB zize zisiwe engqondweni. Akrelekrele kakhulu, akunjalo?

Sikwasebenzisa neenkqubo zethu zekhemikhali zendalo ukuze siphephe i-BBB. Umzekelo omhle woku kukusetyenziswa kweyeza levodopa ukunyanga isifo sikaParkinson. Isifo sikaParkinson senzeka xa iindawo zengqondo zingenalo ngokwaneleyo i-dopamine yekhemikhali, efunekayo ukulawula intshukumo yezihlunu. I-Dopamine ayinakunqumla i-BBB, kodwa i-levodopa inako. Nje ukuba ingene engqondweni, i-levodopa iguqulwa ibe yi-dopamine. Oku kunciphisa iimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson.

Ngubani owafumanisa umqobo wegazi-ubuchopho (BBB)? Bawufumene njani ukuba wawumncinci kangaka?

Imithombo emininzi ithi ukufunyanwa kwesi sithintelo kubangelwa zizazinzulu ezinje ngoPaul Ehrlich okanye uMax Lewandowsky ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1800 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1900. Nangona kunjalo, igama elithi "isithintelo segazi-ingqondo" lasetyenziswa okokuqala kwiphepha lika-1921 nguLina Shtern (ngamanye amaxesha libhalwa ngokuthi "Stern") waseRashiya (ngoku eyiLatvia) kunye nogqirha waseSwitzerland uRaymond Gautier.

Uphando lukaStern noGautier luxhaswe yimifanekiso yokuqala ye-electron microscope eyathathwa ngeminyaka yoo-1960 noo-1970, eyayichaza ngokucacileyo ulwakhiwo lwe-BBB kwiingqondo zezilwanyana kunye nabantu.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Umqobo wakho wegazi-ubuchopho (BBB) ​​​​ngumaleko weeseli ezijikeleze imithambo yegazi kwiindawo ezininzi zobuchopho bakho kwaye zisebenza njengesihluzo. Ludonga olubalulekileyo lokukhusela ubuchopho bethu. Lunceda ukugcina izinto ezininzi ezimbi zingaphandle kunye nezinto ezininzi ezilungileyo ngaphakathi.

Nangona kunjalo, oku akuphelelanga. Iimeko ezininzi zonyango zinokuchaphazela oku. Kwakhona, oogqirha kufuneka balumke ngale ``(BBB)`` xa benyanga isifo naphi na emzimbeni, kungekuphela nje engqondweni.

Nangona iingcali zifumanise okuninzi malunga ne-BBB, uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ukuze kuqondwe ngokupheleleyo indlela esebenza ngayo. Ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo ngaphakathi kungavula ithuba lokufumana unyango olusebenzayo lwezifo ezininzi ezinxulumene nengqondo. Emva koko, i-BBB yakho iya kuba ngumqobo kwizinto ezikwenzakalisayo, kwaye ingabi ngumqobo kunyango olukuncedayo. Ngoko ke, ungalibali ukuba ukunyamekela impilo yakho iyonke kuya kunceda ngokungathanga ngqo ukukhusela impilo yale BBB!

Isithintelo segazi -ubuchopho, ukhuseleko lobuchopho, imithambo yegazi yobuchopho, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, amayeza obuchopho, umsebenzi we-BBB