Ngaba wakha weva nge-fMRI, enokujonga indlela ingqondo yakho esebenza ngayo? (I-MRI esebenzayo)

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho bethu zisebenza njani kwaye zisabela njani kwenye nenye? Ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi ngaphambi kokuba benze into efana notyando lobuchopho, oogqirha bafuna ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iindawo zobuchopho ezenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo kwaye zeziphi iindawo ezinokuba semngciphekweni xa zonakele. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngeskeni ekhethekileyo esetyenziswa ngamaxesha anje kwaye enokuveza ezinye zeemfihlo ezingaphakathi kwengqondo.

Yintoni i-fMRI? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, iFunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) sisikeni esibonisa umsebenzi weendawo ezithile zobuchopho bethu, oko kukuthi, ukuba ezo ndawo zisebenza kangakanani ngexesha elithile. Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngeskeni ye-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) . Ibandakanya ukungena ngaphakathi kumatshini omkhulu, ojikelezayo. Isebenzisa intsimi yemagnethi enamandla kakhulu, amaza erediyo, kunye netekhnoloji yekhompyutha ukuthatha imifanekiso ecacileyo ye-3D yangaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Eyona nto ingcono kukuba ayisebenzisi imitha njenge-X-ray. Ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka malunga nokuvezwa yimitha.

Ngoku, olu vavanyo lwe-fMRI lwenziwa ngomatshini ofanayo we-MRI. Kodwa into ekhethekileyo ngalo kukuba lunokujonga ukuhamba kwegazi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho bakho. Cinga ngako, xa iiseli zethu zobuchopho zisebenza, zifuna ioksijini engaphezulu. Emva koko loo oksijini ithwalwa ligazi. Ke, iindawo apho kukho ukuhamba kwegazi okuninzi zezona ndawo zobuchopho ezisebenzayo kakhulu. Ezo ndawo zibonakala zikhanya ngakumbi kwi-fMRI scan. Ngaba uyaqonda ukuba oko kwenzeka njani?

Yintoni i-fMRI scan esetyenziselwa yona?

Ngokumapha ukuhamba kwegazi kunye nomsebenzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo yakho, oogqirha banokubona ukuba yeyiphi inxalenye yengqondo yakho elawula umsebenzi okanye amandla athile. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu xa uceba utyando lobuchopho okanye ezinye iinkqubo zonyango ezinokuchaphazela ingqondo. Khawuthelekelele ukuba kufuneka wenze utyando kwindawo ethile yengqondo yakho. Emva koko ugqirha wemithambo-luvo angasebenzisa le fMRI ukucwangcisa utyando. Ingabona nokuba zeziphi iindawo zengqondo ezenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kwaye kufuneka zingaphazanyiswa . Olu vavanyo lwe-fMRI lunokwenziwa kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana abancinci.

Umzekelo, iintshukumo zemisipha zilawulwa yindawo ethile kwi -front lobe yengqondo yethu. Ukuba ucela umntu ukuba acofe iminwe yakho ngexesha le-fMRI scan, i-scan iya kubonisa ukuba zeziphi iindawo zengqondo ezibandakanyekayo kuloo ntshukumo. Ugqirha we-neurosurgeon uyazi ukuba asebenze ngaphandle kokuzonakalisa.

Nazi ezinye iimeko okanye iinkqubo zonyango ezinokufuna olu hlobo locwangciso:

• Isifo sokuwa:Ukuba isifo sokuwa asilawulwa ngamayeza okanye ngolunye unyango, utyando lobuchopho (utyando lokuwa) lunokufuneka.
• Iithumba zobuchopho: Kunokufuneka utyando ukuze kususwe zonke iintlobo zeethumba, zombini ezibangela umhlaza nezingenabungozi.
• Unyango lwemitha ebuchosheni: Unyango lwemitha oluchanekileyo lunokusetyenziswa kwizifo ezininzi zobuchopho, ezinje ngomhlaza kunye neengxaki zokujikeleza kwegazi.
• Iiskeni emva konyango: Olu skeni lukwanceda ukubona ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwengqondo emva konyango oluthile.

Ukongeza, abaphandi bahlola ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa i-fMRI. Umzekelo, kukho ubungqina bokuba inokuba luncedo kwizinto ezifana nonyango lwe-biofeedback .

Ziqheleke kangakanani ii-fMRI scans?

Ngenxa yokuba iingenelo zonyango ze-fMRI scans zilinganiselwe, azixhaphakanga kakhulu kwiindawo zonyango. Izibhedlele ezincinci okanye amaziko ezempilo asenokungabi nazo izibonelelo zokwenza i-fMRI scan. Ukuba ufuna enye, unokufuna ukuya kwiziko lezonyango elikhulu.

Ndingayilungiselela njani le scan?

Ngomhla wokuhlolwa kwe-fMRI, akufanele usele nantoni na equlethe i-caffeine , kuba inokuchaphazela iziphumo ze-fMRI. Ukuba uthatha nawaphi na amayeza, ugqirha wakho uya kukucebisa ngendlela yokuwasebenzisa (kunye nexesha lokuyeka ukuwasebenzisa) ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Njenge-MRI scan eqhelekileyo, i-fMRI scan isebenzisa imagnethi enamandla kakhulu. Le magnethi inamandla kangangokuba inokonakalisa ezinye izinto kwaye inokutsala ngokukhawuleza izinto ezinomtsalane. Nezinto zesinyithi eziqhelekileyo zinokuba yingozi kufutshane nomatshini we-MRI.

Ngoko ke, iimpahla ozinxibayo, ubucwebe ozisebenzisayo, kunye neentsimbi zeenwele ozisebenzisayo akufuneki zibe namalungu esinyithi. Oku akusebenzi kuphela kwiintsimbi ezineempawu zemagnethi, kodwa nakwezinye iintlobo zesinyithi. Kuba neentsimbi ezingezizo zemagnethi zinokuchaphazela ukucaca kweskena.

Izinto ekungafanele uzise okanye uzinxibe kumatshini we-MRI

• Ubucwebe, iiwotshi, amakhadi etyala kunye nezixhobo zokuva .
• Iiphini, iiphini zeenwele zesinyithi, iibrassiere ezifakwe iingcingo, kunye neeziphu zesinyithi (ezi zinokuphazamisa imifanekiso ye-MRI).
• Amazinyo okufakelwa asuswayo .
• Iipeni, iimela zeepokotho okanye izixhobo ezininzi .
• Ukubhoboza umzimba .
• Iifowuni eziphathwayo, iiwotshi ze-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zokulandelela .

Ngokuqinisekileyo kukho into endinokuyixelela ugqirha !

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi meko zilandelayo, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka wazise ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze i-MRI:

• Isixhobo sokunciphisa isantya sentliziyo okanye isixhobo sokunciphisa isantya sentliziyo.
• Izixhobo zokuvuselela okanye izixhobo ze-elektroniki okanye ezifakelweyo. Imizekelo ibandakanya: izixhobo zokuvuselela ingqondo enzulu , izixhobo zokuvuselela imithambo-luvo ye-vagus , izixhobo zokuvuselela isinyi, izixhobo zokuvuselela umqolo, izixhobo zokuvuselela imithambo-luvo , kunye nee-electrodes okanye iintambo ezifakelweyo.
• Amalungu okutshintshwa .
• Ii-implants ze-Cochlear okanye ezinye ii-implants zendlebe.
• Iimpompo zamayeza ezifakelweyo . Imizekelo: ezo zizisa iintlungu, ezo zizisa amayeza anciphisa ukuqina kwemisipha (ukuqaqamba kwemisipha) .
• Ii-shunts ezinokucwangciswa .
• Iikliphu kunye neekhoyili ze-Aneurysm.
• Iistenti ezingekho entliziyweni.
• Izihluzi, umzekelo izihluzi zegazi.
• Iziqwenga zesinyithi ezinamathele emzimbeni okanye emehlweni akho. Imizekelo: iimbumbulu, iziqwenga , iziqwenga zesinyithi okanye umgubo.
• Isixhobo sokujonga iglucose esiqhubekayo (i-CGM) .
• Impompo ye-insulin .
• Ipatshi yamayeza oyifaka kwindawo ethile emzimbeni wakho.

Kwakhona, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngezi zinto ngaphambi kokuba wenze i-fMRI:

• Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye ucinga ukuba ukhulelwe.
• Ukuba kukho isizathu sokuba ungakwazi ukulala ngomqolo kulo lonke uvavanyo.
• Ukuba une -claustrophobia (oko kukuthi, uloyiko lweendawo ezixineneyo). Khawuthelekelele ukuba uyoyika ukuba kwigumbi elincinci. Ukuba unolo hlobo loloyiko, ungaziva ungakhululekanga xa ungena kuloo matshini. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka uxelele ugqirha kwangaphambili.

Ukuba une-claustrophobia, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo ngexesha okanye ngaphambi nje kokuba uhlolwe. Oku kunokwahluka kumntu nomntu, ngoko ke ukuba uziva uxhalabile ngexesha le-fMRI, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ungawasela na amayeza alo.

Kwanabantwana abancinci banokuba ne-fMRI, kodwa banokufuna unyango lokubaphumza. Ugqirha womntwana wakho unokukuchazela ukuba zeziphi iindlela abanokukhetha kuzo kunye nokuba bacebisa ntoni.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha le-fMRI scan?

I-fMRI scan yenziwa ngendlela efanayo ne-MRI scan eqhelekileyo. Ngexesha le-scan, ulala ebhedini kwaye ibhedi ishukunyiselwa kumatshini we-MRI. Rhoqo, i-fMRI isebenzisa i-MRI scanner yesiqhelo enemilo esangqa. Oku kungenxa yokuba imagnethi kumatshini we-MRI ovulekileyo idla ngokuba ayinamandla kangako.

Ngexesha le-fMRI, intloko yakho ifakwa ngaphakathi kwesixhobo esikhethekileyo esifana nesigcina-ntloko esibizwa ngokuba yi-head coil . Le coil inceda ekufumaneni imifanekiso ecacileyo. Kufuneka unxibe nee -headphones ezikhethekileyo ezirhoxisa isandi ukuze uthintele ingxolo evela kumatshini we-MRI. Ezi headphones zinenye inzuzo. Abasebenzi bezempilo, abanjengoochwephesha be-MRI okanye oochwephesha be-radiology, banokuthetha nawe baze bakunike imiyalelo ngexesha le-scan.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-MRI eqhelekileyo kunye ne-fMRI ngumsebenzi . Ngexesha le-fMRI scan, abasebenzi bezempilo bakucela ukuba uthethe, ushukumise umnwe wakho, okanye wenze into elula efana naleyo. Ngelixa usenza loo nto, i-fMRI ijonga ukuhamba kwegazi lakho ukuze ibone ukuba zeziphi iindawo zengqondo yakho ezisebenzayo kakhulu. Emva koko ithelekisa oko noko ubukwenza ngelo xesha. Yindlela aba "map" ngayo iindawo zengqondo yakho, befumanisa ukuba kwenzeka ntoni.

Le misebenzi inokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini:

• Inkqubo yebloko: Kule nkqubo, unikwa ixesha elifutshane lokwenza umsebenzi, kulandele ixesha elifutshane lokuphumla. La maxesha abizwa ngokuba ziibloko.
• Inkqubo yeziganeko: Oku kuquka ukwenza imisebenzi eliqela ngokulandelelana ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Ugqirha wakho usenokufuna ukwenza inxalenye ye-fMRI njengeskeni "yokuphumla" . Ngeli xesha, ulala phantsi kwiskeni (ugqirha wakho unokukucela ukuba ugcine amehlo akho evulekile okanye evaliwe). Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba abone kwaye alinganise umahluko kumsebenzi wobuchopho bakho phakathi kwexesha ophumle ngalo nexesha ovukileyo.

Ngaba wenza i-fMRI ngezinto zokulinganisa umahluko? (I-MRI esebenzayo enokulinganisa umahluko)

Njenge-MRI scan eqhelekileyo, ii-fMRI scans ngamanye amaxesha zingasebenzisa izinto ezibonisa umahluko eziqulethe i-gadolinium . Le gadolinium ifakwa kwi-vein (IV) (oko kukuthi, nge-vein enye) ukunceda kwiimvavanyo ezithile. Ikuvumela ukuba ubone izakhiwo ezithile ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho okanye engqondweni yakho ngokucacileyo.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuskena kwe-fMRI?

I-fMRI scan idla ngokuthatha malunga neyure. Ingathatha ixesha elide ukuba ugqirha ufuna ulwazi oluthe kratya ukuze ayihlalutye, okanye ukuba ufuna ukwenza olunye uhlobo lwe-MRI scan kunye ne-fMRI.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kolu vavanyo?

Ungagoduka kwangoko emva kokuba ugqibile ukuskena i-fMRI. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unikwe amayeza okuxhalaba ngexesha le-fMRI, kuya kufuneka umntu akuqhubele ekhaya. Ingcali ye-radiology iya kuhlola ukuskena, ikuhlalutye, ize ikuxelele iziphumo, kunye nogqirha okuthumelele ukuskena (umzekelo , ingcali ye-neurologist okanye i-neurosurgeon) .

Zithini iingenelo ze-fMRI?

I-fMRI iluncedo kakhulu ekucwangciseni ngaphambi kotyando . Ivumela oogqirha bemithambo-luvo ukuba baqonde ngcono indlela izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho ezisebenza ngayo. Oku kubavumela ukuba benze utyando ngaphandle kokonakalisa iindawo ezibalulekileyo zobuchopho, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa yimisebenzi elawulwa zezo ndawo.

Kukho ezinye iimvavanyo ezinokunceda ekucwangciseni, kodwa i-fMRI idla ngokuba lolona khetho lungcono. Ngenxa yokuba ezinye iimvavanyo zihlala zingena kakhulu , zifuna amayeza anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, okanye angachanekanga kangako ekudwebeni imimandla yobuchopho echaphazelekayo.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki okanye iingozi kwi-fMRI?

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iimvavanyo, i-fMRI ineengxaki ezininzi. Eyona ngxaki inkulu kubudlelwane phakathi kwexesha le-fMRI scan kunye nesantya somsebenzi wethu wengqondo. Khawuthelekelele uthatha ifoto yomntu obaleka ngesantya esikhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nesantya sengqondo, isantya apho i-fMRI iqokelela idatha sicotha kancinci. Oko kukuthi, umsebenzi wengqondo unokutshintsha ngamashumi eemiliseconds ngomzuzwana, kodwa i-fMRI inokubamba kuphela okwenzekayo ngomzuzwana. Ke ngoko, utshintsho oluncinci kakhulu nolukhawulezileyo lunokungaphumeleli.

Iingozi ze-fMRI ziphantsi kakhulu. Zifana nezo ze-MRI eqhelekileyo. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze -gadolinium contrast nazo ziphantsi kakhulu. Eyona ngxaki iphambili kukhuseleko lwesinyithi. Kufuneka ulandele yonke imiyalelo enikwe ngugqirha wakho kunye nabasebenzi beklinikhi malunga nokhuseleko lwesinyithi. Ukuba unemibuzo, ungoyiki ukuyibuza.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-EEG kunye ne-fMRI?

I-electroencephalogram (i-EEG) luvavanyo olulinganisa kwaye lurekhode umsebenzi wengqondo yakho. Umatshini we-EEG ubonisa umsebenzi wengqondo yakho njengothotho lwamaza ephepheni okanye kwisikrini sedijithali. Nangona zombini zirekhoda idatha efanayo, i-fMRI iyibonisa njengomfanekiso.

Ngoko ke, sithini isigidimi esifanele sisikhumbule koku?

I-fMRI yiteknoloji entsha. Nangona ibikho kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-30, ivule ulwazi olutsha malunga nendlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo. Namhlanje, iluncedo kakhulu ekumapheni imisebenzi yengqondo nokubonisa ukuba zeziphi iindawo zengqondo ezisebenzayo ngexesha lemisebenzi okanye iziganeko ezithile. Nokuba yi-fMRI scan yakho okanye yomntwana wakho, le ndlela yokuskena inceda oogqirha be-neurosurgeons ukuba bacwangcise imisebenzi yabo ngaphandle kokonakalisa iindawo ezibalulekileyo ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngoko ke, ukuba uza kwenza olu vavanyo, ungoyiki kwaye ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha.

` i-mri esebenzayo, i-fmri, iskena sobuchopho, umsebenzi wobuchopho, utyando lwemithambo-luvo, imephu yobuchopho, iskena se-mri