Ngaba singazibona iingxaki zemfuza kumntwana osesiswini kwangethuba? Makhe sithethe nge (Chorionic Villus Sampling - CVS)!

Ukuba ungumama ozayo, mhlawumbi ukhathazeka kakhulu ngomntwana osesiswini sakho, akunjalo? Kuqhelekile ukuzibuza ukuba uphilile na kwaye unayo nayiphi na ingxaki. Ngamaxesha anjalo, uvavanyo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-``Chorionic Villus Sampling`` okanye uvavanyo lwe-``CVS``` luyafumaneka olunceda ekufumaneni ezinye iimeko zemfuza okanye iingxaki zokuzalwa kumntwana. Ngaba singathetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha?

Ngamafutshane, olu vavanyo lwe-'CVS' luvavanyo olunokwenziwa kwangethuba kakhulu ekukhulelweni, phakathi kweeveki ezili-10 neli-13. Lubandakanya ukuthatha isampuli encinci kakhulu yeeseli ezivela kwi-placenta, ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Chorionic villi', kwaye uzihlolisise. Ekubeni ezi seli ze-'Chorionic villi' ziveliswa liqanda elivundisiweyo, ulwazi lwazo lwemfuza ludla ngokufana nolwazi lwemfuza lomntwana. Ngoko ke, ezi seli zithunyelwa kwilebhu kwaye zihlalutywe ukuze kubonwe ukuba umntwana uneengxaki zemfuza. Oku kunokumisela nesini somntwana.

Kutheni olu vavanyo lweCVS lwenziwa? Lucetyiswa ngubani?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, ngaba wonke umntu kufuneka enze olu vavanyo lwe-'CVS'? Akunjalo ngokwenene. Asiyonto inyanzelekileyo yokhathalelo lwakho lwangaphambi kokukhulelwa. Oogqirha bacebisa olu vavanyo kubantu abaneengxaki ezithile, okanye ukuba ezinye iimvavanyo zokukhulelwa ezingangenisi okanye iiskeni ze-ultrasound zibonisa naziphi na iingxaki. Nangona kunjalo, isigqibo sokwenza olu vavanyo okanye ukungalwenzi sixhomekeke kuwe . Ungaxoxa ngezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zoku nogqirha wakho uze wenze isigqibo sakho.

Oogqirha banokucebisa uvavanyo lwe-CVS kwiimeko ezilandelayo:

• Ukuba unomntwana wangaphambili onesimo semfuza.
• Ukuba uneminyaka engama-35 okanye ngaphezulu xa uzala umntwana wakho.
• Ukuba i-scan yangaphambili okanye olunye uvavanyo lubonise ukuba umntwana usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nesifo semfuza.
• Ukuba wena, iqabane lakho, okanye nabani na kusapho lwakho unesifo semfuza (okanye unembali yaso).

Kunini apho kulungile ukutsiba uvavanyo lwe-CVS?

Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, oogqirha banokukucebisa ukuba ungalwenzi olu vavanyo. Makhe sibone ukuba luza kwenzeka nini.

• Ukuba ukhe wopha igazi kwilungu lobufazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho.
• Ukuba unosulelo, umzekelo usulelo oludluliselwa ngesondo (STI).

Ziziphi iimeko ezinokufunyanwa yi-CVS?

Yintoni kanye kanye enokufunyanwa ngolu vavanyo lwe-'CVS'? Oku kunceda kakhulu ekuchongeni ezinye izifo zemfuza, ingakumbi iingxaki ngee-chromosomes. Uyazi na ukuba ii-chromosomes zizinto eziqulethe i-'DNA' kunye nokwakheka kwemfuza yomntwana. Ngoko ke, olu vavanyo lunokujonga ukuba zininzi na ezi chromosomes, zimbalwa kakhulu, okanye ukuba kukho utshintsho olukhulu kwisakhiwo see-chromosomes. Kungenxa yotshintsho olunjalo lwee-chromosomes ukuba ezinye iingxaki zokuzalwa kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo zenzeke.

Ukunika imizekelo embalwa:

• I-Down syndrome okanye iTrisomy 21
• Icystic fibrosis
• Isifo seSickle cell
• Isifo sikaTay-Sachs
• I-Trisomy 18 okanye i-Edward syndrome
• I-Trisomy 13 okanye i-Patau Syndrome

Ngaba kukho izinto ezingenakubonwa luvavanyo lweCVS?

Ewe, into enye ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Olu vavanyo lwe-`CVS` alunakubona zonke iziphene zokuzalwa . Umzekelo, izinto ezifana ne-`Neural tube defects (NTDs)`, eziyingxaki kumqolo okanye engqondweni yomntwana, azinakubonwa ngolu vavanyo. Ngaba ukhe weva nge-`(Spina bifida)`? Ezo zizinto. Kukho ezinye iimvavanyo zokubona ezo meko, umzekelo, `(uvavanyo lwe-Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)` lulungile, kwaye `(Amniocentesis)` lulungile.

Kwakhona, ezinye iziphene zomzimba womntwana, ezifana neemeko zentliziyo, imilebe eqhekekileyo, okanye i-cleft palate, azinakubonwa ngolu vavanyo lwe-'CVS'. Ezi zidla ngokubonwa nge-'Ultrasound' scan, edla ngokwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-18 nezingama-20 zokukhulelwa.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi kovavanyo lweCVS?

Kulungile, masithi ugqibe ekubeni wenze uvavanyo lwe-CVS. Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi koko? Ngokwesiqhelo uya kuthunyelwa kwingcebiso yezakhi zofuzo kumcebisi wezakhi zofuzo okanye ingcali yamayeza oomama nosana. Lo mcebisi uya kukuchazela iingozi kunye neenzuzo zovavanyo. Ukongeza, kuya kwenziwa i-ultrasound scan ukuze kubonwe ukuba ukhulelwe iiveki ezingaphi kanye kanye. Oku kuya kunceda ekumiseleni ixesha elifanelekileyo lokwenza uvavanyo lwe-CVS.

Uvavanyo lweCVS lwenziwa njani? Ngaba lubuhlungu?

Umbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo kukuba ingaba uvavanyo lwe-CVS lubuhlungu na. Alubuhlungu kangako, kodwa ungaziva ungakhululekanga. Zimbini iindlela oogqirha abalwenza ngazo olu vavanyo:

1. Ngokudlula kwilungu lobufazi (indlela ye-Trans-cervical)

Okwenzekayo koku kukuba, isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Speculum)` sifakwa kwisini sakho. Sisixhobo esibhityileyo esimile njengomlomo wedada, usenokuba ukubonile oku ukuba ukhe wenza uvavanyo lwe-`(Pap test)`. Oku kusetyenziswa ukwandisa iindonga zesini kancinci, kwaye ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu yeplastiki ebhityileyo nge-`(Cervix)`. Emva koko, phantsi kwesikhokelo se-`(Ultrasound)` scan, ityhubhu ithunyelwa kwindawo apho i-`(Placenta)` ikhona, kwaye ukusuka apho, kuthathwa isampuli yeseli ye-`(Chorionic villi)`.

2. Ngesisu (Indlela ye-Trans-abdominal)

Kule nkqubo, ekhokelwa yi-ultrasound scan, ugqirha ufaka inaliti encinci eluswini lwesisu sakho kwi-placenta aze athathe isampuli yeeseli. Kule nkqubo ye-transabdominal, unokunikwa i-local anesthesia ukunciphisa ukungonwabi.

Zombini ezi ndlela zithatha ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-30 ukugqiba uvavanyo.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo lweCVS?

Ungaya ekhaya ngoko nangoko emva kovavanyo lwe-CVS. Kungcono ukuphumla iiyure ezimbalwa emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya. Uninzi lwabantu lunokuphinda luqalise imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ngosuku olulandelayo. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokukucela ukuba uphephe imisebenzi yesondo, umthambo, okanye imisebenzi enzima kangangeentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu .

Ngaba kufuneka ndenze uvavanyo lweCVS okwesibini?

Ngamanye amaxesha, uvavanyo lwesibini lwe-CVS lunokufuneka. Oku kunqabile kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba uvavanyo lokuqala aluqokeleli iiseli ezaneleyo, kunokufuneka ulwenze okwesibini ukuze ufumane inani elifunekayo leeseli.

Kwakhona, ukuba uzala amawele, kwaye umntwana ngamnye une-placentas eyahlukileyo, ngoko ke kusenokufuneka ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwe-CVS kabini kumntwana ngamnye.

Zithini iingozi kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zovavanyo lwe-CVS?

Emva kovavanyo, ungaziva unentlungu encinci esiswini sakho. Ukubonakala kwesikhumba sangasese sowesifazane nako kuqhelekile. Ukuba uvavanyo lwenziwe ngesisu, ungaziva nentlungu encinci esiswini sakho.

Uvavanyo lwe-CVS lukhuselekile ngokubanzi, kodwa alunazo ezinye iingozi . Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngezi ngozi nogqirha wakho kwaye uziqonde. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezo ngozi:

• Ukuphuma Kwesisu: Umngcipheko wokuphuma kwesisu ngenxa yovavanyo lwe-CVS ungaphantsi kwe-1 kwi-100, okanye ngaphantsi kwe-1% . Elo lipesenti eliphantsi kakhulu.
• Usulelo: Njengakwezinye iinkqubo zonyango, kukho ithuba elincinci kakhulu losulelo.
• Ukukhubazeka kwamalungu omzimba: Akwenzeki rhoqo, ingakumbi ukuba uvavanyo lwe-CVS lwenziwa ngaphambi kweeveki ezili-10 zokukhulelwa, kukho ithuba lokuba umntwana azalwe ekhubazekile kwamalungu omzimba. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukwenza oku ngexesha.
• Ukopha: Nangona ukopha okuthile kuyinto eqhelekileyo, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, kunokubakho ukopha okukhulu kwesibeleko emva kwe-CVS.
• Ulwelo lwe-amniotic oluvuzayo:Ngamanye amaxesha, ulwelo oluninzi kakhulu lwe-amniotic (ulwelo olujikeleze umntwana) lunokuvuza, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Ukuqonda i-Rh: Oku kwenzeka xa uhlobo lwegazi lakho lungenayo i-Rh kwaye umntwana wakho ongekazalwa ene-Rh-positive, kwaye iintlobo ezimbini zegazi ziyaxubana. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango loku.

Zithini iingenelo zovavanyo lweCVS?

Eyona nzuzo inkulu yolu vavanyo lwe-'CVS' kukuba ungazazi iziphumo zovavanyo lwemfuza kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa . Ukwazi olu lwazi kwangaphambili kukuvumela ukuba wenze izigqibo zempilo ngokukhawuleza.

Umzekelo, ungalungiselela kwangaphambili naluphi na unyango olukhethekileyo umntwana wakho anokuludinga emva kokuzalwa. Okanye, olu lwazi lunokuba lubalulekile xa usenza isigqibo sokuba uyaqhubeka nokukhulelwa okanye hayi.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekileyo kukuba olu vavanyo lwe-`CVS` luchaneke malunga ne-99% . Oku kuthetha ukuba ungathemba iziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-CVS?

Ugqirha uthatha isampuli ye-`(Chorionic villi)` aze ayithumele kwilebhu. Iingcali apho zikhulisa iiseli kulwelo olukhethekileyo kwaye zizivavanye kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Ngokwesiqhelo ungafumana iziphumo zokuqala kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko zithatha ixesha elide ukuvavanya. Kungathatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezili-10 okanye iiveki ezimbini ukuba ezi ziphumo zibuye. Umcebisi wakho wezofuzo uza kuqhagamshelana nawe ngeziphumo zokugqibela aze athethe nawe ngazo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, banokuxoxa ngezinye iimvavanyo ekufuneka uzenze.

Luchane kangakanani uvavanyo lweCVS?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, uvavanyo lwe-CVS luchaneke malunga ne-99% . Nangona kunjalo, olu vavanyo alunakukwazi ukumisela ngokuchanekileyo ubukhali bemeko yemfuza.

Kwakhona, ngamanye amaxesha iziphumo zovavanyo zinokuba zezohlobo lwe-placenta. Oko kukuthi, ukungaqhelekanga kwenzeka kuphela kwi-placenta kwaye akuchaphazeli umntwana osesibelekweni. Oku kwenzeka kuphela kwi-1% ukuya kwi-2% yazo zonke iimeko.

Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-CVS zilungile?

Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-CVS zibonisa ukuba umntwana wakho ongekazalwa unesimo semfuza, ungathetha nomcebisi wakho, iqabane lakho, kunye nogqirha wakho ukuze nigqibe ngento omawuyenze ngokulandelayo. Ugqirha wakho okanye umcebisi wemfuza angakunceda uqonde ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-CVS zithetha ukuthini ngokwenene. Emva koko ungenza izigqibo ezilungileyo malunga nokuqhubela phambili.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha emva kovavanyo lwe-CVS?

Ukuba ufumana nayiphi na intlungu yesisu, ukuqaqamba, okanye ukopha okungapheliyo okanye okwandayo emva kwe-CVS, bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukuba uziva ngathi ulwelo lwe-amniotic luyavuza (kusenokuvakala ngathi ukhupha umchamo kancinci).
• Ukuba uziva ngathi ufumana umkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane.
• Ukuba unezintso ezibuhlungu kunye nentlungu yesisu.
• Ukuba unomkhuhlane.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kovavanyo lwe-CVS kunye novavanyo lwe-Amniocentesis?

Omnye umbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo ngowokuba yintoni umahluko phakathi kovavanyo lwe-`CVS` kunye novavanyo lwe-`(Amniocentesis)`. Zombini ezi zizilingo ezijonga iimeko zemfuza zomntwana osesibelekweni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko oliqela phakathi kwezi zimbini:

• Nini: Ezi mvavanyo zimbini zenziwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. I-CVS yenziwa kwangethuba ekukhulelweni (phakathi kweeveki ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-12), ukuze ukwazi ukufumanisa kwangoko ukuba umntwana wakho unesimo semfuza. I-Amniocentesis yenziwa malunga neeveki ezili-16 zokukhulelwa.
• Iimeko ezinokufunyaniswa: I-Amniocentesis inokufunyaniswa kweemeko ezifana neziphene zetyhubhu ye-neural (NTDs) kunye ne-spina bifida. I-CVS ayinakufunyaniswa kwezi meko.
• Umngcipheko wokuphuma kwesisu: Umngcipheko wokuphuma kwesisu ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-"Amniocentesis" uphantsi kancinci kune-"CVS".
• Ukungangqinelani kwe-Rh: Ukungangqinelani kwe-Rh kunokuvavanywa nge-amniocentesis.
• Uqinisekiso: Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwe-amniocentesis ukuqinisekisa iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-CVS.

Ugqirha wakho unokuxoxa ngezinto ezikubangela umngcipheko aze akucebise ukuba wenze olunye, zombini, okanye akukho nanye kwezi mvavanyo.

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha malunga novavanyo lwe-CVS?

Ukuba ukhulelwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• "Ngaba kufuneka ndenze uvavanyo lwangaphambi kokukhulelwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa?"
• "Ingaba umntwana wam usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nengxaki ye-chromosome okanye enye ingxaki yemfuza?"
• "Ingaba uvavanyo lwe-`CVS` okanye uvavanyo lwe-`(Amniocentesis)` lungcono kum?"
• "Ingaba yintoni ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu ukuba ndenza olu vavanyo?"
• "Zeziphi iingxaki ekufuneka ndizazi emva kovavanyo lwe-`CVS`?"
• "Yintoni kanye kanye endinokuyifunda kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwe-`CVS`?"

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uzikhumbule

I-Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) luvavanyo olujonga iingxaki ezithile zemfuza kumntwana wakho. Ayilovavanyo olunyanzelekileyo . Ukuba ugqiba ekubeni ulwenze, ludla ngokwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-13 zokukhulelwa. Uvavanyo lukhuselekile kwaye iziphumo zichanekile, kodwa kukho iingozi ezithile. Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-CVS zinokukunceda wenze izigqibo ezibalulekileyo zempilo. Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomntwana onesimo semfuza, thetha nogqirha wakho. Baza kukunceda ukuba ugqibe kwelokuba uvavanyo lwe-CVS lukulungele na.

Uvavanyo lwe- CVS, uvavanyo lokukhulelwa, izifo zemfuza, i-placenta, iziphene zokuzalwa, (i-Chorionic Villus Sampling), (Ukuxilongwa Kwangaphambi Kokuzalwa)