Xa ugqirha ekuxelela ukuba umntwana wakho osandul’ ukuzalwa unengxaki yentliziyo, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba, njengomama okanye utata, uzive uloyiko olukhulu kwaye wothukile. Ingakumbi ukuba yimeko enegama elingaziwayo njenge-'Tricuspid Atresia', kukho imibuzo emininzi efika engqondweni. "Yintoni le? Ngaba umntwana wam uza kuphila? Kutheni le nto yenzekile?" Izinto ezinjalo mhlawumbi zidlula engqondweni yakho. Ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngendlela elula kakhulu onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iTricuspid Atresia?
Ukuze siqonde oku, masiqale sijonge indlela esebenza ngayo intliziyo ephilileyo. Intliziyo yethu ineegumbi ezine eziphambili. Iigumbi ezimbini eziphezulu kunye neegumbi ezimbini ezisezantsi. Igazi elisetyenziswe ngumzimba kwaye lineoksijini encinci liqala lingene kwigumbi eliphezulu kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo (Right Atrium). Ukusuka apho, ivalvu esebenza njengocango iyavuleka, kwaye elo gazi liya kwigumbi elingaphantsi kwicala lasekunene (Right Ventricle). Olu cango lubizwa ngokuba
yiTricuspid Valve . Emva koko, igumbi elingaphantsi liyafinyela lize lithumele elo gazi emiphungeni ukuze lifumane ioksijini. Nangona kunjalo, kumntwana onesiphene sokuzalwa esibizwa ngokuba
yiTricuspid Atresia , le nto kuthiwa yiTricuspid Valve ayenziwanga
kakuhle . Oko kukuthi, endaweni yaloo cango, kukho into efana ne-membrane etyebileyo.
Khawucinge ukuba bekukho udonga phakathi kwamagumbi amabini endaweni yomnyango. Ubungenakukwazi ukusuka kwelinye igumbi uye kwelinye, akunjalo? Yiloo nto yenzekayo apha.
Ngenxa yoko, igazi elingena-oksijini eninzi elingena kwi-ventricle ephezulu ngasekunene alinandlela yokufikelela kwigumbi elisezantsi. Ngenxa yokuba le ndlela ivaliwe, i-ventricle esezantsi ngasekunene, engasakwaziyo ukupompa igazi, ayiphuhli kakuhle, kwaye idla ngokuba ncinci kakhulu. Ngoko ke, akukho ndlela yokuthumela igazi ekufuneka lithunyelwe emiphungeni ukuze lifumane ioksijini. Oku kubangela ukwehla
okubulalayo komlinganiselo weoksijini ofunyanwa ngumzimba wonke.
Ingaba le yimeko enzima?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo esi sisifo sentliziyo esinzulu kakhulu esizalwa naso, esithathwa ngoogqirha njengesiphene sentliziyo esibalulekileyo. Usana olunale meko lufuna unyango kwigumbi lokunyamekela abagula kakhulu (ICU) eligxile kwizifo zentliziyo ezintsonkothileyo emva nje kokuzalwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kufuneka utyando olungxamisekileyo ukuze kusindiswe ubomi bosana ngaphambi kokuba lubuyele ekhaya. Ukuba oku akuchongwa kwaye kunyangwe ngokufanelekileyo, kunokuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu kubomi bosana. Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili zesi sifo?
Oogqirha bayichaza le meko ngokweenkcukacha. Isizathu soku kukuba kunokubakho olunye utshintsho entliziyweni yomntwana ukongeza kwesi siphene siphambili. Indlela ecwangcisiweyo ngayo isicwangciso sonyango iya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwezo nguqu. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili (Uhlobo I, II, III).- Uhlobo I: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Apha, imithambo yegazi ephambili ephuma entliziyweni (umthambo wemiphunga kunye ne-aorta) ikwiindawo zayo ezifanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho umngxuma phakathi kwamagumbi asezantsi entliziyo (i-ventricular septal defect) okanye ingxaki ngevalvu ethwala igazi ukuya emiphungeni .
- Uhlobo lwesibini: Apha, imithambo yegazi emibini ephambili ikwindawo etshintshanayo. Kukwakho nomngxuma phakathi kwamagumbi asezantsi (iVentricular Septal Defect).
- Uhlobo lwesithathu: Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga kakhulu. Apha, kukho utshintsho oluninzi oluntsonkothileyo kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu kunye namagumbi.
Akufuneki ukhathazeke kakhulu ngezi ntlobo. Oogqirha abanyanga umntwana wakho baza kuzihlola zonke ezi zinto baze bakuchazele isicwangciso sonyango esilungele umntwana wakho. Zeziphi iimpawu umntwana anazo?
Uninzi lwexesha, iintsana ezinale meko zibonisa iimpawu kwiveki yokuqala yokuzalwa. Usenokuzibona ezi zinto. | Uphawu | Icacisiwe ngokulula |
|---|
| Ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nemilebe (iCyanosis) | Uphawu oluphambili kukutshintsha kombala wesikhumba, imilebe, kunye neenzipho kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye okumfusa, njengoko umzimba ungafumani igazi elaneleyo elineoksijini. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea) | Usana luphefumla ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye kubonakala ngathi lunengxaki yokuphefumla. |
| Ubunzima kunye nokudinwa xa uncancisa | Usana luyadinwa emva kokusela ubisi oluncinci, luyeke ukusela phakathi, okanye lubile xa lusela. |
| Ukulibaziseka kokukhula | Nokuba umntwana usela ubisi oluninzi, akayi kutyeba ngokufanelekileyo. |
| Izandi zentliziyo ezingaqhelekanga (iHeart Murmur) | Ngelixa ugqirha ehlola intliziyo nge-stethoscope, uva isandi sentliziyo esongezelelweyo. |
Kutheni oku kwenzeke kumntwana wam?
Mhlawumbi ukhe wazibuza lo mbuzo amaxesha amaninzi. Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyiqonde kukuba oku akulona ityala lakho . Oogqirha abakafumani unobangela ochanekileyo wolu hlobo lwesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso. Sivela kwiiveki ezi-6 zokuqala zokukhula komntwana esibelekweni, xa intliziyo yakheka. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwachongwa ezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wolu hlobo. Ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokuchaphazela umama ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Oogqirha bayibona njani le nto?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, le meko inokufunyanwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe.- Ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe: Ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound yokukhulelwa kwakho, ugqirha wakho usenokubona into engaqhelekanga entliziyweni yomntwana wakho. Ukuba kukho amathandabuzo, uya kuthunyelwa kwi-scan ekhethekileyo egxile entliziyweni yomntwana, ebizwa ngokuba yi- fetal echocardiogram .
- Emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe: Ukuba umntwana uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emva nje kokuzalwa, oogqirha baya kurhanela ngoko nangoko ukuba kukho ingxaki yentliziyo. Ukuba isandi sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga (ukububula kwentliziyo) sivakala xa kujongwa intliziyo nge-stethoscope, olo luphawu olukhulu. Uvavanyo oluphambili lokufumanisa isifo ngokuqinisekileyo yi -echocardiogram . Oku kufana nokuskena. Oku kungabona ngokucacileyo ukuba iivalvu zentliziyo azikho, ubungakanani beegumbi, indlela igazi elihamba ngayo, kunye nokuba kukho eminye imingxunya.
Ukongeza, kwenziwa uvavanyo lwe-X-ray yesifuba, uvavanyo lwe-ECG, kunye novavanyo lwe-pulse oximetry ukujonga inqanaba le-oksijini egazini. Zithini iindlela zonyango? Ngaba oku kunganyangeka?
Nangona ingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, uthotho lweenkqubo zotyando lunokubuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi lomntwana kwaye luvumele ukuba aphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Unyango lunokwahlulwa lube ziinxalenye ezimbini. 1. Amayeza
Kwangoko nje umntwana ezelwe, banikwa amayeza okugcina umntwana ezinzile de kube lutyando lokuqala. Amayeza aphambili anikwe apha yiAlprostadil . Eli yeza livula okwethutyana umthambo wegazi okhethekileyo (iDictus Arteriosus) ozalwa ngumntwana ngamnye kwaye livala emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa. Oku kudala indlela eyongezelelweyo yokuba igazi lifikelele emiphungeni. Eli linyathelo lokusindisa ubomi.2. Utyando
I-Tricuspid atresia ayinakunyangwa ngotyando olunye. Njengoko umntwana ekhula, kufuneka uthotho lotyando ngamanqanaba aliqela. Oku kufana nokwakha isakhiwo esikhulu ngesinye.- Inqanaba loku-1 (kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbalwa zobomi): Oku kuquka ukudala ukuhamba kwegazi okuzinzileyo ukuya emiphungeni. Oku kwenziwa ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-BTT shunt . Oku kuquka ukufaka ityhubhu encinci phakathi komthambo wegazi oyintloko kunye nomthambo wegazi othwala igazi ukuya emiphungeni.
- Inqanaba lesi-2 – Inkqubo kaGlenn: Le nkqubo yenziwa xa umntwana eneminyaka emalunga neenyanga ezi-4-6 ubudala. Apha, igazi elingenaoksijini elivela emzimbeni ongaphezulu lidluliselwa ngqo emiphungeni, lidlula intliziyo.
- Inqanaba lesi-3 – Inkqubo yeFontan: Le nkqubo yokugqibela yenziwa xa umntwana eneminyaka eyi-2-4 ubudala. Apha, igazi elingenaoksijini elivela emzimbeni ongezantsi lidluliselwa ngqo emiphungeni. Emva kwale nkqubo, ukuxutywa kwegazi elineoksijini kunye negazi elingenaoksijini entliziyweni kuyeka ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuba olu tyando aluphumelelanga okanye ukuba intliziyo iba buthathaka ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukufakelwa intliziyo kuthathwa njengenyathelo lokugqibela. Liza kuba njani ikamva lomntwana wam kule meko?
Le yeyona ngxaki inkulu kubo bonke abazali. Ngaphandle konyango, uninzi lweentsana ezinale meko ziyafa ngaphambi kokuba zifikelele kwiminyaka yazo yokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ngotyando olukhawulezileyo, uninzi lwaba bantwana luyasinda baze babe ngabantu abadala.
- Ukuzilolonga: Uninzi lwabantwana lunokwenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, imidlalo yokhuphiswano, enomdla kakhulu inokufuneka ilinganiselwe. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
- Ezinye iingxaki zempilo: Ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe ezinye iinkqubo zonyango, ezinje ngokukhupha amazinyo, kunokufuneka uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuthintela usulelo lwentliziyo.
- Ukufunda: Abanye abantwana banokuba neengxaki zokufunda okanye i-ADHD. Kubalulekile ukukwazi oku.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Tricuspid atresia sisifo sentliziyo esinzulu kodwa esinokunyangeka. Asikuko ukuba unesifo sentliziyo.
- Ukuxilongwa kwangethuba kwesi sifo kunye notyando olucwangcisiweyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kubalulekile ebomini bomntwana.
- Aba bantwana bafuna ukulandelwa ngugqirha wentliziyo ubomi babo bonke.
- Uninzi lwabantwana lunokuphila ubomi obuhle nobusebenzayo emva kotyando. Musa ukuphelelwa lithemba.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wosana lwakho malunga nayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo. Bahlala bekulungele ukukunceda.
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