Ngaba umntwana wakho uziva ediniwe kakhulu emva kokusela ubisi? Ngaba ukhe waphawula ukuba imilebe yakhe, ulwimi, kunye nolusu lwakhe luba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka? Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana abancinci balala ngokukhawuleza kunabanye abantwana ngelixa bebaleka kwaye bedlala. Nangona ezi zinto zinokubonakala ziqhelekile, ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangelwa yimeko yentliziyo yokuzalwa. Ungakhathazeki, yile nto sithetha ngayo namhlanje. Le yimeko abantu abaninzi abanayo, kwaye inokunyangeka.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso?
Siyibiza le nto ngokuthi 'CHD' ngamafutshane. Eyona ntsingiselo ilula yoku kukuba xa umntwana ezalwa, kukho utshintsho okanye isiphene kwisakhiwo sentliziyo yakhe, oko kukuthi, indlela eyakheke ngayo intliziyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, igazi alihambi kakuhle entliziyweni.
Khawucinge nje ukuba intliziyo nemithambo yegazi zisebenza njengenkqubo yamanzi endlwini yethu. Ukuba kukho ingxaki ngemibhobho kunye neevalvu, amanzi aya kuhamba, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto kunjalo. Ezi ziphene zinokuba zeentlobo ngeentlobo.
- Umngxuma entliziyweni: Umngxuma wokuzalwa kwiindonga ezahlula amagumbi entliziyo.
- Iingxaki ngemithambo yegazi: Imithambo yegazi edibene kwindawo engafanelekanga, incinci kakhulu, okanye igazi lihamba kwicala elingalunganga.
- Iingxaki ngeevalvu zentliziyo: Iivalvu ezilawula ukuhamba kwegazi azivuli okanye azivali kakuhle.
Ezinye izifo ze-CHD zilula kakhulu. Azibonisi zimpawu. Kodwa ezinye zinzima ngakumbi kwaye zinokuchaphazela ubomi kwaye zifuna unyango ebuntwaneni. Ngamanye amaxesha le meko ifunyanwa ekuzalweni. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, ifunyanwa ngexesha lobuntwana, ukufikisa, okanye ukuba ngumntu omdala.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zesifo sentliziyo?
Izifo zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo zingahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: enye isekelwe kwinqanaba leoksijini egazini.
1. Isifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yiCyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Esi sisifo apho umlinganiselo weoksijini egazini uncipha ngenxa yesiphene esisentliziyweni. Oku kubangela ukuba ulusu, imilebe, kunye nezinzipho zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yiCyanosis.
2. Isifo sentliziyo esibangelwa yi-Acyanotic Congenital: Kolu hlobo, inqanaba le-oksijini egazini liqhelekile. Oko kukuthi, akukho mbala uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kodwa igazi lihamba entliziyweni ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
Makhe sijonge ezi ntlobo zimbini ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
| Uhlobo lwesifo sentliziyo | Kwenzeka ntoni nje? | Eminye imizekelo |
|---|---|---|
| Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - iCyanotic | Ubungakanani beoksijini egazini eliya emzimbeni buphantsi. Oku kubangela ukuba umntwana abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ezi meko zihlala zifuna utyando. | - I-Tetralogy yeFallot - Ukutshintshwa kweMitha eMikhulu - I-Truncus Arteriosus |
| I-Acyanotic - ayilulo luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | Kukho ioksijini eyaneleyo egazini, kodwa ngenxa yengxaki efana nomngxuma entliziyweni okanye ukuncitshiswa komthambo wegazi, ukuhamba kwegazi akuhambelani kakuhle. | - I-Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - I-Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - I-Pulmonary Stenosis |
Khumbula, oku kusenokuvakala kuyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, kodwa ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela konke ngokulula. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumana uxilongo olufanelekileyo.
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
Iimpawu zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesiphene sentliziyo, ubukhali bayo, kunye nobudala bomntu.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo kwiintsana nabantwana abancinci:
- I-Cyanosis: Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye omfusa kwemilebe, ulwimi, ulusu kunye neenzipho.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla: ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ukuphefumla kancinci.
- Ukudinwa xa usela ubisi: Nokuba sele usele ubisi oluncinci, umntwana uziva ediniwe, ebila, aze ayeke ukusela ubisi emva kwexesha elithile.
- Ukozela rhoqo: Umntwana ulele ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
- Ukutyeba kakubi: Umntwana akatyebi ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo kubantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala:
- Ukudinwa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuzilolonga: Uziva udiniwe kakhulu emva kokubaleka okwethutyana okanye ukunyuka izinyuko.
- Intlungu yesifuba: Intlungu yesifuba, ingakumbi xa usenza umsebenzi.
- Ukuquleka: Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo ngequbuliso.
- Ukudumba: Ukudumba kwiindawo ezifana nemilenze, amaqatha, kunye nesisu.
- Ukumbombozela kwentliziyo: Isandi esingaqhelekanga 'sokukhwaza' esivakala sivela entliziyweni xa ugqirha eyihlola nge-stethoscope.
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?
Enyanisweni, kudla ngokuba nzima ukufumana unobangela othile woku. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yesiganeko esingacwangciswanga esenzeka kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhula komntwana esibelekweni njengoko intliziyo ikhula. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezininzi eziye zachongwa ezonyusa umngcipheko.
- Izizathu zofuzo: Umngcipheko uphezulu ukuba umntu kusapho une-CHD okanye iingxaki ze-chromosome ezifana ne-Down Syndrome.
- Iimeko zempilo kamama ngexesha lokukhulelwa:
- Ukuba umama akanakukwazi ukulawula isifo sakhe seswekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukuba umama unentsholongwane efana ne -rubella .
- Ukutshaya, ukusela utywala , okanye ukutshaya umsi ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukusebenzisa amayeza athile (umz., amayeza athile oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kunye ne-acne) ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba oku akungomntu unetyala. Ukuba ukhulelwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela icebiso likagqirha wakho kwaye uphile ubomi obusempilweni.
Ifunyaniswa njani le meko? Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga i-CHD. Ngamanye amaxesha ingaxilongwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, ngamanye amaxesha emva nje kokuzalwa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kamva ebomini.
1. Ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Ukuba kufunyenwe ingxaki yentliziyo ngexesha le-'Anomaly Scan' eqhelekileyo, kunokwenziwa i-'Fetal Echocardiogram'. Oku kungathatha umfanekiso ocacileyo wentliziyo yomntwana.
2. Emva kokuzalwa:
- Uvavanyo lwezonyango: Xa ugqirha ehlola umntwana, uza kujonga isandi sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga (`Heart Murmur`) kunye nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Uvavanyo lwe-Pulse Oximetry: Olu luvavanyo olulula kakhulu, olungenazintlungu. Isensa encinci ibekwa emnweni okanye ezinzwaneni zomntwana ukulinganisa inqanaba le-oksijini egazini. Ukuba inqanaba le-oksijini liphantsi, oko kungaba luphawu lwe-CHD.
3. Uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa:
- I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo. Lufana ne-'Ultrasound Scan'. Lusebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza umfanekiso wevidiyo wentliziyo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubone ngokucacileyo amagumbi entliziyo, iivalvu, kunye nokuhamba kwegazi.
- I-Electrocardiogram (ECG):Uvavanyo olurekhoda umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo. Olu lujonga naziphi na iingxaki kwintliziyo.
- I-X-reyi yesifuba: I-X-reyi yesifuba inokunika umbono wobukhulu kunye nokuma kwentliziyo.
- Ukufakwa kweCatheter kwintliziyo: Olu luvavanyo oluntsonkothileyo kancinci. Ityhubhu encinci kakhulu (i-catheter) idluliselwa ngemithambo esemlenzeni okanye engalweni yakho iye entliziyweni yakho, apho uxinzelelo olungaphakathi entliziyweni yakho lulinganiswa khona kwaye kuthathwa iisampuli. Ngamanye amaxesha, le nkqubo inye ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa iziphene ezincinci.
Iphathwa njani?
Unyango luxhomekeke kubudala besigulana, uhlobo kunye nobunzima besiphene sentliziyo. Ayizizo zonke iimeko ze-CHD ezifuna unyango. Ezinye iziphene ezincinci (umz., imingxunya emincinci) ziya kuvala zodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zonyango:
- Amayeza: Amayeza anikwa ukunceda intliziyo isebenze kakuhle, ukulawula isantya sentliziyo, ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nokususa ulwelo olugqithisileyo emzimbeni.
- Iinkqubo zeCatheter: Ngaphandle kotyando, ityhubhu encinci, efana ne-'Cardiac Catheterization', ingadluliselwa kwimithambo yegazi ukuze ivale imingxunya entliziyweni, ivule iivalvu ezinciphileyo, okanye ivule imithambo yegazi.
- Utyando lweNtliziyo evulekileyo: Iziphene ezinzima zifuna utyando ukuze zilungiswe. Ngobuchwepheshe banamhlanje, olu tyando luphumelele kakhulu.
- Ukufakelwa Intliziyo: Olu lukhetho lokugqibela oluqwalaselwa kuphela kwiimeko apho intliziyo yonakele kakhulu kwaye ingenakunyangeka ngalo naluphi na olunye unyango.
Ukuba umntwana wakho okanye une-CHD, iqela lezonyango eliquka ingcali yentliziyo kunye nogqirha wentliziyo liya kugqiba ngolona nyango lufanelekileyo.
Izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa uhlala ne-CHD
Ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango, namhlanje abantu abangaphezu kwama-90% abane-CHD bayasinda bade babe ngabantu abadala. Uninzi lwabantu lunokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo, obonwabisayo nobusebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezithile ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ubomi bonke.
- Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezonyango: Kwanasemva konyango, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wentliziyo rhoqo ngexesha elithile ebomini bakho bonke.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni: Ukutya okunesondlo, umthambo ocetyiswa ngugqirha wakho, kunye nokugcina ubunzima obusempilweni kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Impilo Yamazinyo: Iintsholongwane ezivela kwisifo seentsini zinokungena egazini zize zichaphazele intliziyo (endocarditis). Ngoko ke lumkela amazinyo akho kunye nempilo yomlomo wakho ngokukodwa.
- Ukwazisa abanye oogqirha:Xa ubona ugqirha ngenxa yesinye isifo, qiniseka ukuba umxelele ukuba une-CHD, amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye naluphi na utyando oye walwenza.
- Ukukhulelwa: Ukuba umfazi one-CHD uceba ukukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukuba axoxe ngale nto nogqirha wentliziyo kunye nogqirha wezifo zabesifazane kwangaphambili.
Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU)?
Ukuba umntu one-CHD ufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, mse kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla
- Ukudinwa kakhulu okanye ukuquleka (ukuba nentloko ende)
- Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ocacileyo kulusu okanye kwimilebe
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso (CHD) sisiphene esibakho entliziyweni xa umntu ezalwa. Sisifo esixhaphakileyo.
- Iimpawu zinokubonakala ebuntwaneni, kodwa abanye abantu banokubonakalisa iimpawu kamva ebomini. Iimpawu eziphambili kukuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nokwehla kobunzima ngokukhawuleza.
- Ngenxa yonyango oluphucukileyo lwanamhlanje (amayeza, iinkqubo ze-catheter, utyando), abantu abaninzi banokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobupheleleyo.
- Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala phantsi kweliso likagqirha wentliziyo ubomi bonke.
- Ukuba umntwana wakho unezi mpawu, musa ukoyika kwaye udibane nogqirha wabantwana okanye ingcali yentliziyo ukuze akunike iingcebiso. Okukhona efunyaniswa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo zingcono.
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